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اثر سن و تجربه بر رفتار کاوشگری زنبورFopius carpomyiae ، پارازیتوئید مگس میوه کُنارCarpomyia vesuviana | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 12، اسفند 1397، صفحه 67-79 اصل مقاله (234.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2019.120452 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید رضا گلستانه1؛ فرحان کچیلی* 1؛ آرش راسخ1؛ مهدی اسفندیاری1؛ محمد ابراهیم فراشیانی2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زنبورهای پارازیتوئید اغلب براساس شرایط فیزیولوژیکی یا محیطی، رفتار کاوشگری خود را تنظیم می‌کنند. در این مطالعه اثر سن و تجربه بر رفتار کاوشگری زنبورFopius carpomyiae Silvestri، پارازیتوئید مگس میوه کُنار Carpomyia vesuviana Costa مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به این منظور جمعیت هم‌سن زنبور در دو گروه سنی 7-8 و 12-13 روزگی تشکیل و زنبورهای ماده جفت‌گیری‌کرده به‌طور انفرادی روی میوه کُنار آلوده به یک دسته تخم مگس میوه رهاسازی شدند و انواع رفتارها و زمان تخصیص یافته به آنها به‌وسیله مشاهده پیوسته، تعیین شد. در آزمایش بعدی، زنبورهای این دو گروه سنی، پس از 24 ساعت مواجهه با تخم میزبان به محدوده حضور میزبان معرفی و رفتارهای کاوشگری آنها با زنبورهای بدون تجربه مقایسه شد. زنبورهای ماده مسن‌تر به‌طور معنی‌داری مدت زمان بیشتری (5 دقیقه و 48 ثانیه) را نسبت به زنبورهای جوان‌تر (5 دقیقه و 13 ثانیه) در محدوده حضور میزبان ماندند، اما با توجه به عدم اختلاف معنی‌دار (636/0P=) در مدت زمان تخم‌گذاری (28/9±7/144 در مقابل 88/8±4/146 ثانیه)، درصد پارازیتیسم زنبورهای جوان (2/3±2/39) در مقایسه با زنبورهای مسن‌تر (5/3±5/38) تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (844/0P=). نتایج نشان داد که تجربه قبلی مواجهه با میزبان تأثیری روی مدت زمان حضور نداشت، اما این زنبورها مدت زمان بیشتری را به رفتار تخم‌گذاری اختصاص دادند و تعداد دفعات و همچنین نرخ بروز این رفتار در آنها به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از زنبورهای بدون تجربه بود. این تفاوت منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار (045/0P=) درصد پارازیتیسم در زنبورهای با تجربه (8/2±5/46) در مقایسه با زنبورهای بدون تجربه (2/3±2/39) شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بوشهر؛ خوزستان؛ دسته تخم؛ محدوده حضور میزبان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The influence of age and experience on foraging behavior of Fopius carpomyiae, a parasitoid of ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Seyed Reza Golestaneh1؛ Farhan Kocheili1؛ Arash Rasekh1؛ Mehdi Esfandiari1؛ Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Foraging parasitoids often adjust their foraging behavior according to the conditions they encounter. In this study the effects of age and experience on foraging and oviposition behaviors of Fopius carpomyiae Silvestri, was studied on ber fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa. For this purpose, synchronous cohorts of F. carpomyiae were established in two age groups (7-8, and 12-13 days old). Then, the mated females (naïve females) in both ages were released individually into Petri dishes containing a ber fruit with a batch of eggs of ber fruit fly. Each female (n= 20) was observed continuously under a stereomicroscope while all distinguishable behavioral events of its foraging (the time of onset and duration) were recorded in the patch. In another experiment, the female wasps (7-8 days old), were exposed individually to a batch of host eggs on ber fruit flies, in the experimental patch for 24 h (experienced females). Results revealed that older females spent longer time in patches (5.48 min) compared with that of younger females (5.13 min). However, the average time of oviposition behavior (144.7±9.3 versus 146.4±8.9 s / female, respectively; P= 0.636) and percent parasitism (38.5±3.5 versus 39.2±3.2%, respectively; P= 0.84) were not significantly different between two age groups of female wasps. There was no significant difference in patch staying times of naïve and experienced females, nevertheless, the later allocated more time to ovipositing behavior and had significantly higher frequency and ratio of this behavior compared with those of former. In general, experienced females parasitized more host eggs compared to that of naïve females (46.5±2.8 versus 39.2±3.2%, parasitized eggs / female, respectively; P= 0.045). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bushehr, Khuzestan, batch of eggs, host patch | ||
| مراجع | ||
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