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بررسی مقاومت ارقام تجاری چغندرقند در برابر پوسیدگیهای ریشه ناشی از R. solani و F. oxysporum | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 35، شماره 2، اسفند 1398، صفحه 121-139 اصل مقاله (1.65 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2019.124950.1212 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه مشاری* 1؛ رقیه همتی2؛ سیدباقر محمودی3؛ عادل پدرام4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری بیماریشناسی گیاهی، قارچ شناسی- گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعیی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در تحقیق حاضر مقاومت ۳۰ رقم تجاری رایج چغندرقند در برابر پوسیدگیهای ریشه ناشیاز دو بیمارگر Rhizoctonia solani و Fusarium oxysporum f. sp . betaeطی سالهای 1395 و 1396 در استان آذربایجان غربی ارزیابی قرار شد. ارقام تحت شرایط کنترل شده گلخانه در گلدان تحت مایهزنی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 15 تکرار و پنج شاهد برای هر تیمار اجرا شد. رتبهبندی شدت پوسیدگی حاصل از مایهزنی قارچ R. solani هشت هفته بعد از شروع مایهزنی با مقیاس 9-1 انجام گرفت. همچنین شاخص برداشت (Harvest Index) نیز برای هر تیمار محاسبه شد. رتبهبندی رنگ زرد برگها و پوسیدگی حاصل از قارچ F. oxysporumبه صورت هفتگی از هفته دوم بعد از مایهزنی با شاخص 5-0 ثبت شد. میانگین سطح زیرمنحنی پیشرفت بیماری (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) برای مقایسه پیشرفت آلودگی بین ارقام مورد محاسبه قرار گرفت. همچنین جهت مقایسه میزان بوتهمیری هریک از ارقام تحت شرایط طبیعی، آزمایش مزرعهای در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. بوتههای از دست رفته یا در حال زوال، سه بار بعد از انجام تنک و وجین شمارش شدند. بوتههای در حال مرگ شناسایی و جهت تشخیص عامل بیماری به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نتایج حاصل از محاسبه AUDPC تحت شرایط مزرعه به دست آمد و ارقام مقاوم مشخص شدند. عملکرد شکرخالص ارقام در واحد سطح محاسبه شد. نتایج بهدست آمده از میزان مقاومت ارقام در مزرعه و گلخانه با خصوصیات ژنتیکی معرفی شده توسط شرکت تولید کننده بذر و عملکرد شکرخالص مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند و ارقام مقاوم و با عملکرد بالا معرفی شدند. ارقام بیتیاس 233، فلورس، دلتا و موریل دارای مقاومت نسبی در برابر هر دو بیمارگر بودند و عملکرد قابل ملاحظهای در هکتار نشان داده و در مزارعی با آلودگی توام قابل توصیه میباشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ارقام تجاری چغندرقند؛ پوسیدگی ریزوکتونیایی ریشه؛ زردی فوزاریومی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of sugar beet commercial cultivars resistance against root rot caused by R. solani and F. oxysporum | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. Moshari1؛ R. Hemati2؛ S.B. Mahmoudi3؛ A. Pedram4 | ||
| 1Phd student in Plant Pathology, Mycology- Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor- Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. | ||
| 3Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran | ||
| 4Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, West Azarbayjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO). Urmia, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In the present study, the resistance of 30 common commercial sugar beet cultivars against root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated in West Azerbaijan province during 2017 and 2018. Cultivars were inoculated in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 15 replications and 5 controls for each treatment. Ranking based on root rot intensity caused by inoculation of R. solani was done eight weeks after inoculation with a scale of 1-9. Harvest Index was also calculated for each treatment. Ranking based on leaves color yellowing and root rot caused by F. oxyporum were recorded weekly from the second week after inoculation with 0-5 index. The mean of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for the disease development comparison among cultivars. Also, in order to compare the cultivars damping off under normal condition, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. Missing or dying plants were counted three time after thinning and weeding. Dying plants were identified and transferred to the laboratory for diagnosis of the disease. The results of AUDPC calculation were obtained under field conditions and resistant cultivars were identified. The white sugar yield of cultivars per unit area was calculated. The results obtained from the cultivars resistance in the field and greenhouse with the genetic characteristics of the cultivars introduced by the sugar beet seeds companies were compared and resistant cultivars with high yield were introduced. The BTS233, Flores, Delta, and Murialle showed relative resistance to both pathogens and showed significant yield per hectare and are recommended in fields with contamination | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Fusarium yellow and Rhizoctonia root rot, Root rot, Sugar beet commercial cultivars | ||
| مراجع | ||
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