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ریزازدیادی اکالیپتوس گونه Eucalyptus citriodora H | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 27، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، شهریور 1398، صفحه 86-97 اصل مقاله (716.91 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2019.120260 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا ابروش* 1؛ محمد حسن عصاره2؛ میترا امام3 | ||
| 1- نویسنده و مسئول مکاتبات، کارشناس ارشد پژوهشی، گروه زیست‌فناوری منابع طبیعی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 2استادپژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| 3استادیارپژوهشی، گروه تحقیقات زیست‌فناوری، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| DOR: 98.1000/1735-0891.1398.27.88.53.1.32.97 در بین گونه‌های درختان جنگلی سخت چوب، Eucalyptus citriodoraدرخت سریع‌الرشدی است که به‌دلیل دارا بودن اسانس معطر در عطرسازی، داروسازی و داشتن چوب نرم و سبک در صنایع کاغذسازی و مبل‌سازی کشت میشود. در این تحقیق، ریزازدیادی E. citriodora به روش کشت جوانه جانبی در محیط کشت‌های MS و WPM بررسی شد. سترون‌سازی با دو محلول کلرید جیوه 1/0 درصد و هیپوکلریت سدیم 20 درصد حجمی اعمال گردید. شاخه‌زایی با هورمون‌های سیتوکینین (BAP، Kin)، اکسین (IBA) و جیبرلین (GA3) در دو سطح محیط کشت در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. ریشه‌زایی نیز با هورمون‌های اکسین IBA، NAA و IAA در محیط کشت MS (2/1 نیترات) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. آماربرداری از تعداد شاخه‌ها و جوانه‌ها، طول شاخه، سبزینگی، تعداد گیاهچه‌های ریشه‌دار شده و تعداد کل ریشه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بهترین تیمار سترون‌سازی محلول هیپوکلریت سدیم 20 درصد حجمی به مدت 18 دقیقه بود. تکثیر مطلوب و رشد طولی شاخه در محیط کشت MS (2/1 نیترات) و هورمون‌های سیتوکینین BAP، Kin، GA3و IBA به‌ترتیب در غلظت‌های (3/0، 2/0، 1/0 و 01/0) و (3/0، صفر، 1/0 و 01/0) میلی‌گرم در لیتر، به‌همراه 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر PVP بود. ریشه‌زایی مطلوب در محیط کشت MS (2/1 نیترات)، با تیمار هورمونی NAA 1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و تیمار تلفیقی IAA + IBA 5/0میلی‌گرم در لیتر به‌دست آمد. در نهایت، گیاهچه‌های ریشه‌دار شده در شرایط گلخانه سازگار شدند.نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که کشت بافت روش مناسبی برای تکثیر این گونه ارزشمند در زمانی کوتاه می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| کشت درون شیشه‌ای؛ محیط کشت؛ MS و WPM و E. citriodora | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Micropropagation of Eucalyptus citriodora H. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra Abravesh1؛ M.H. Assareh2؛ M. Emam3 | ||
| 1MSc, Expert of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| 3Assistant professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| DOR: 98.1000/1735-0891.1398.27.88.53.1.32.97 Among species of hardwood forest trees, Eucalyptus citriodora is a fast growing plant that is cultivated for aromatic essential oils in perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and its soft and light wood in the paper and furniture industry. The micropropagation of E. citriodora Lemon-scented Gum was carried out in two medium culture of MS (1/2N) and WPM through bud culture. Sterilization was done using solutions of mercuric chloride 0.1% and sodium hypochlorite 20%. Shoot multiplication was done with cytokinin (BAP, Kin), auxin (IBA) and gibberellin (GA3) hormones and rooting with auxin hormones IBA, NAA and IAA in only MS (1/2N) medium. The shoot multiplication was assessed in two medium using factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design (CRD) and rooting multiplication in one medium using CRD. Propagation coefficient, shoot length, greenity, total root and rooted seedlings were measured. The best sterilization was immersion seeds in 20 % sodium hypoclorite solution in 18 min. The best propagation and shoot elongation was obtained in MS (1/2N) medium coupled with BAP, Kin, GA3 cytokinin hormones and auxin hormones IBA in 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01 mgl-1 and 0.3, 0, 0.1, 0.01 mgl-1concentrations respectively by 200 mgl-1 P.V.P. The best rooting treatments were a modified MS (1/2N) medium, auxin hormone NAA and IBA+IAA in 1 mgl-1, 0.5mgl-1. These plantlets transferred to soil and were kept in the greenhouse conditions. The results of this study show that tissue culture is a suitable method for the propagation of this valuable species in a short time. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| In vitro, Culture medium, Eucalyptus citriodora, MS and WPM | ||
| مراجع | ||
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- Abravesh, z., Assareh, M.H., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S. R., 2012. Effect of Thermal Period on Seed Dormancy of Rosa damascena Mill. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products 1: 55-59. - Akbari Khabbaz, M., Ghamari Zare, A., Emam, M., Assareh, M.H., Ghorbanli, M., 2007. Micropropagation of Eucalyptus gongylocarpa, Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 15: 142-158 (In Persian). - Asadi-Corom, F., Mirzaie-Nodoushan, H., Emam, M., Bakhshi-Khaniki, G.R., 2013. Responding populations of Moringa peregrina (Forssk). Fiori to different culture media in callus and regeneration production, Forest and Wood Products, Journal of Natural Resources of Iran, 66 (2): 167-176 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H., 2000. Somatic embryogenesis in some Eucalyptus spp. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 3: 11-32 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H., Ghorbanli, M. Akbari, M., Ghamari Zare, A. and Emam, M., 2007. Micropropagation, organogenesis and using new method of semiphotoautotrophic in Eucalyptus gongylocarpa, Pajouhesh- va- Sazandegi in Natural Resources, 75: 134-145 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H & Sardabi., 2008. Eucalyptus (Description, Illustration & Propagation by Advanced Techniques), Volume 1, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran 672 P. (In Persian). - Bennet, I.J., McComb, J.A., Tonkin, CM. and McDavid, D.A.J., 1992. Effect of cytokinins on multiplication and rooting of Eucalyptus globules and other Eucalyptus species. In: Proceedings of conference on mass production technology for genetically improved fast growing forest tree species, France. Association FOrêt-CELlulose (AFOCEL). PP. 195-201. - Bonga, J.M. & Aderkas, P.V. 1992. In vitro Culture of trees. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 236 pp. - Bunn E., Senaratna, T., Sivastihamparam, K. and Dixon, K., 2005a. In vitro propagation of Eucalyptus phylacis L. Jhnson and K. Hill., A critically endangered relict from Western Australia. In vitro Cellular and Development Biology-Plant, 41: 812-815. - Bunn E., 2005b. Development of In vitro methods for ex site conservation of E. impensa, an endangered mallee from southwest Western Australia. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 83: 97-102. - Dadvar, F., Rostami, Shahraji, T., Assareh, M. H., Emam, M. and Shirvany, A., 2013. Effects of different concentrations of plantsregulators on In vitro micropropagation of Celtis caucasica Willd Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 21; 13-23 (In Persian). - De Bergh, PC., 1983. Effects of agar brand and concentration on the tissue culture medium. Physiology plant, 59: 270- 276. - Driver, J., and Kuniyuki, A.1984. In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. HortScience 19: 507-509. - Emam, M., Assareh, M.H., Shahrzad, Sh., Khojir, k., 2007. Asexual regeneration of two species of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus globulus by tissue culture, Final report, Research Institute of Forests and rangelands, Tehran, Iran 45p (In Persian). - Fallahi, M., Heidari, A., Moharamipour, S., Imani, S., Maroof, A., 2013. Fumigation hexane extract three Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus microtheca, E. globules and E. camaldulensis) on Saw Toothed Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Journal of Plant Protection, 5 (1): 45-55. - Grewal, S. Ahuja, A. and Atal, C.K., 1980. Clonal multiplication of medicinal plants by tissue culture. in vitro proliferation of shoot apices of Eucalyptus citriodora. Hook. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 18:775-776. - Gupta, P.K., Mascarenhas, A.F. and Jagannathan, V., 1981. Tissue culture of forest trees clonal propagation of mature trees of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook by tissue culture. Plant Science Letters 20: 195-201. - Gupta, P.K., Mehta, U.J., and Mascarenhas, A.F., 1983. A tissue culture method for rapid propagation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. torreliana from mature trees. Plant Cell Reports, 2: 296-299. - Gupta, P.K. and Mascarenhas, A.F., 1987. Eucalyptus. In: Bonga, J.M. and Durzan, D.J. (Eds.), Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry. Vol. 3. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht/ Boston/ Lancaster, 416p. - Hartney, V.J., and Barker, P.K., 1980. Vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus by tissue culture. IUFRO Symposium and Workshop on Genetic Improvement and Production of Fast Growing Tree Species. Sao Paulo. Brazil. PP 791-793. - Hartney, V.J., 1981. Vegetative propagation of the Eucalyptus in vitro. In: Proc IUFRO Sects., 2015. Int. Workshop, In Vitro, Cultivation For Tree Species, Fontainebleau, France, Association FOrêt-CELlulose (AFOCEL). PP. 175-180. - Hosseinzadeh, J., Sardabi, H., Zarin-kaviani. 2017. Comparison of the growth of industrial Eucalyptus species and cultivars in tropical region of Mehran, Forest and Wood Products, 70 (1) :83-9. - Jawanshir, K., Mossadegh, A., 1973. Eucalyptus, Tehran University Press, 434 p, (In Persian). - Jacquiot, C., 1964. Application de la technique de culture des tissue vegetaux a Letude de quelques problemes de physiology de Labre. Ann. Sci. for. 21: 310-473. - Kamalpour, S., Motesharezadeh, B., Alikhani, H.A. and Zarei, M. 2014. Effects of some biotic factors in lead phytoremediation and phosphorous uptake by Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis ). Iranian Journal of Forest, 5(4): 457- 470. - Karami, O, Jafarzadeh, A.K., Calbi, S, and Jalilvand, H., 2007. Study Eucalyptus cultivation and Its role in preventing the destruction of forests, The 2nd Regional Conference on Natural Resources and the Environment, Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran (In Persian). - Keneshloo. H., Eghtesadi. A., 2011. The effect of afforestation in reduction oil pollution (heavy metals), Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 64: 185-197 (In Persian). - Kirby, E, G., T, Leustek. And M. S. Lee., 1987. Nitrogen nutrition. In: Bonga, J. M. and D. J. Durzan. Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry. Vol 1, General Principles and Biotechnology, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. PP. 67-88. - Koriesh, E.M., Abd El-Fattah, Y.M., El-Dayem, M.A., El-Etriby, M.A., 2002. Micropropagation of juvenile Eucalyptus citriodora, Acta Horticulture, 625:283–288 - Lakshmi Sita, G. and Vaidyanathan, C.S., 1979. Rapid multiplication of Eucalyptus by multiple shoot production. Curr. Sci., 48: 350-352. - Mascarenhas, A.F. Hazara, S., Potdar, U., Kulkarni, D.K. and Gupta, P.K., 1982. Rapid clonal multiplication of mature forest trees through tissue culture. In: Fujiwara, A. (Ed.). Plant Tissue Culture, 1982.Proc 5th Int. Cong Plant Tissue Cell Cult, Tokyo, Japan, PP. 719-720. - Murashige, T. and F. Skoog., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-597. - Najafi Ashtiani.A, Assareh. M.H, Baghestani. M.A and Angaji S.J., 2008. The Effects of methanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh on Growth and germination rates of Chenopodium album L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24: 293-303 (In Persian). - Naraghi. T. S., 2003. In vitro propagation of Taxus baccata through shoot tip cultures, Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research., 11: 309-325 (In Persian). - Rad, M.H, Assareh, M.H., Meshkat, M.A., Dashtegian, K., and Soltani, M., 2010. Water requirement and production function of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) in arid environment. Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(1): 61-71 (In Persian). - Sardabi, H., Rahmani, A., Hamze, B., Assareh, M.H. and Ghorany, M., 2010, Impact of different Eucalypt species on forest soil properties in Guilan provinc, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18: 116-131 (In Persian). - Souza, L.S., E.D. Velini, R.C.S. Maiomoni-Rodella., 2003. Allelopathic effect of weeds and concentrations of Brachiaria decumbens on the initial development of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). Journal of Applied Sciences. 21: 525-902. - Van der Salm T. P. M., van der Toorn C. J. G., and Hanisch ten Cate C. H., 1994. Importannce of the iron chelate formula for micropropagation of Rosa hybrida L ‘Moneyway. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture., 37: 73-77. - Abravesh, z., Assareh, M.H., Tabaei-Aghdaei, S. R., 2012. Effect of Thermal Period on Seed Dormancy of Rosa damascena Mill. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products 1: 55-59. - Akbari Khabbaz, M., Ghamari Zare, A., Emam, M., Assareh, M.H., Ghorbanli, M., 2007. Micropropagation of Eucalyptus gongylocarpa, Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 15: 142-158 (In Persian). - Asadi-Corom, F., Mirzaie-Nodoushan, H., Emam, M., Bakhshi-Khaniki, G.R., 2013. Responding populations of Moringa peregrina (Forssk). Fiori to different culture media in callus and regeneration production, Forest and Wood Products, Journal of Natural Resources of Iran, 66 (2): 167-176 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H., 2000. Somatic embryogenesis in some Eucalyptus spp. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research. 3: 11-32 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H., Ghorbanli, M. Akbari, M., Ghamari Zare, A. and Emam, M., 2007. Micropropagation, organogenesis and using new method of semiphotoautotrophic in Eucalyptus gongylocarpa, Pajouhesh- va- Sazandegi in Natural Resources, 75: 134-145 (In Persian). - Assareh, M.H & Sardabi., 2008. Eucalyptus (Description, Illustration & Propagation by Advanced Techniques), Volume 1, Publication of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran 672 P. (In Persian). - Bennet, I.J., McComb, J.A., Tonkin, CM. and McDavid, D.A.J., 1992. Effect of cytokinins on multiplication and rooting of Eucalyptus globules and other Eucalyptus species. In: Proceedings of conference on mass production technology for genetically improved fast growing forest tree species, France. Association FOrêt-CELlulose (AFOCEL). PP. 195-201. - Bonga, J.M. & Aderkas, P.V. 1992. In vitro Culture of trees. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 236 pp. - Bunn E., Senaratna, T., Sivastihamparam, K. and Dixon, K., 2005a. In vitro propagation of Eucalyptus phylacis L. Jhnson and K. Hill., A critically endangered relict from Western Australia. In vitro Cellular and Development Biology-Plant, 41: 812-815. - Bunn E., 2005b. Development of In vitro methods for ex site conservation of E. impensa, an endangered mallee from southwest Western Australia. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 83: 97-102. - Dadvar, F., Rostami, Shahraji, T., Assareh, M. H., Emam, M. and Shirvany, A., 2013. Effects of different concentrations of plantsregulators on In vitro micropropagation of Celtis caucasica Willd Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 21; 13-23 (In Persian). - De Bergh, PC., 1983. Effects of agar brand and concentration on the tissue culture medium. Physiology plant, 59: 270- 276. - Driver, J., and Kuniyuki, A.1984. In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. HortScience 19: 507-509. - Emam, M., Assareh, M.H., Shahrzad, Sh., Khojir, k., 2007. Asexual regeneration of two species of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus globulus by tissue culture, Final report, Research Institute of Forests and rangelands, Tehran, Iran 45p (In Persian). - Fallahi, M., Heidari, A., Moharamipour, S., Imani, S., Maroof, A., 2013. Fumigation hexane extract three Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus microtheca, E. globules and E. camaldulensis) on Saw Toothed Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Journal of Plant Protection, 5 (1): 45-55. - Grewal, S. Ahuja, A. and Atal, C.K., 1980. Clonal multiplication of medicinal plants by tissue culture. in vitro proliferation of shoot apices of Eucalyptus citriodora. Hook. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 18:775-776. - Gupta, P.K., Mascarenhas, A.F. and Jagannathan, V., 1981. Tissue culture of forest trees clonal propagation of mature trees of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook by tissue culture. Plant Science Letters 20: 195-201. - Gupta, P.K., Mehta, U.J., and Mascarenhas, A.F., 1983. A tissue culture method for rapid propagation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. torreliana from mature trees. Plant Cell Reports, 2: 296-299. - Gupta, P.K. and Mascarenhas, A.F., 1987. Eucalyptus. In: Bonga, J.M. and Durzan, D.J. (Eds.), Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry. Vol. 3. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht/ Boston/ Lancaster, 416p. - Hartney, V.J., and Barker, P.K., 1980. Vegetative propagation of Eucalyptus by tissue culture. IUFRO Symposium and Workshop on Genetic Improvement and Production of Fast Growing Tree Species. Sao Paulo. Brazil. PP 791-793. - Hartney, V.J., 1981. Vegetative propagation of the Eucalyptus in vitro. In: Proc IUFRO Sects., 2015. Int. Workshop, In Vitro, Cultivation For Tree Species, Fontainebleau, France, Association FOrêt-CELlulose (AFOCEL). PP. 175-180. - Hosseinzadeh, J., Sardabi, H., Zarin-kaviani. 2017. Comparison of the growth of industrial Eucalyptus species and cultivars in tropical region of Mehran, Forest and Wood Products, 70 (1) :83-9. - Jawanshir, K., Mossadegh, A., 1973. Eucalyptus, Tehran University Press, 434 p, (In Persian). - Jacquiot, C., 1964. Application de la technique de culture des tissue vegetaux a Letude de quelques problemes de physiology de Labre. Ann. Sci. for. 21: 310-473. - Kamalpour, S., Motesharezadeh, B., Alikhani, H.A. and Zarei, M. 2014. Effects of some biotic factors in lead phytoremediation and phosphorous uptake by Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis ). Iranian Journal of Forest, 5(4): 457- 470. - Karami, O, Jafarzadeh, A.K., Calbi, S, and Jalilvand, H., 2007. Study Eucalyptus cultivation and Its role in preventing the destruction of forests, The 2nd Regional Conference on Natural Resources and the Environment, Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran (In Persian). - Keneshloo. H., Eghtesadi. A., 2011. The effect of afforestation in reduction oil pollution (heavy metals), Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 64: 185-197 (In Persian). - Kirby, E, G., T, Leustek. And M. S. Lee., 1987. Nitrogen nutrition. In: Bonga, J. M. and D. J. Durzan. Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry. Vol 1, General Principles and Biotechnology, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. PP. 67-88. - Koriesh, E.M., Abd El-Fattah, Y.M., El-Dayem, M.A., El-Etriby, M.A., 2002. Micropropagation of juvenile Eucalyptus citriodora, Acta Horticulture, 625:283–288 - Lakshmi Sita, G. and Vaidyanathan, C.S., 1979. Rapid multiplication of Eucalyptus by multiple shoot production. Curr. Sci., 48: 350-352. - Mascarenhas, A.F. Hazara, S., Potdar, U., Kulkarni, D.K. and Gupta, P.K., 1982. Rapid clonal multiplication of mature forest trees through tissue culture. In: Fujiwara, A. (Ed.). Plant Tissue Culture, 1982.Proc 5th Int. Cong Plant Tissue Cell Cult, Tokyo, Japan, PP. 719-720. - Murashige, T. and F. Skoog., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-597. - Najafi Ashtiani.A, Assareh. M.H, Baghestani. M.A and Angaji S.J., 2008. The Effects of methanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh on Growth and germination rates of Chenopodium album L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24: 293-303 (In Persian). - Naraghi. T. S., 2003. In vitro propagation of Taxus baccata through shoot tip cultures, Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research., 11: 309-325 (In Persian). - Rad, M.H, Assareh, M.H., Meshkat, M.A., Dashtegian, K., and Soltani, M., 2010. Water requirement and production function of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh) in arid environment. Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(1): 61-71 (In Persian). - Sardabi, H., Rahmani, A., Hamze, B., Assareh, M.H. and Ghorany, M., 2010, Impact of different Eucalypt species on forest soil properties in Guilan provinc, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18: 116-131 (In Persian). - Souza, L.S., E.D. Velini, R.C.S. Maiomoni-Rodella., 2003. Allelopathic effect of weeds and concentrations of Brachiaria decumbens on the initial development of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). Journal of Applied Sciences. 21: 525-902. - Van der Salm T. P. M., van der Toorn C. J. G., and Hanisch ten Cate C. H., 1994. Importannce of the iron chelate formula for micropropagation of Rosa hybrida L ‘Moneyway. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture., 37: 73-77. | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 550 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 360 |
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