اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,262
تعداد مقالات36,060
تعداد مشاهده مقاله55,206,893
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله94,198,881
محمدی, خسرو, سهرابی, یوسف. (1393). تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 28(1), 27-38. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2014.120116
خسرو محمدی; یوسف سهرابی. "تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 28, 1, 1393, 27-38. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2014.120116
محمدی, خسرو, سهرابی, یوسف. (1393). 'تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 28(1), pp. 27-38. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2014.120116
محمدی, خسرو, سهرابی, یوسف. تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1393; 28(1): 27-38. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2014.120116

تأثیر روش‌های تلفیقی کود دهی بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و خواص زیستی خاک و صفات کلزا

پژوهش های خاک
مقاله 3، دوره 28، شماره 1، شهریور 1393، صفحه 27-38    اصل مقاله (321.47 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2014.120116
نویسندگان
خسرو محمدی* 1؛ یوسف سهرابی2
1استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج
2استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش‌های مختلف کود‌دهی و تناوب زراعی بر خواص شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک و عملکرد دانه رقم طلایه کلزا، آزمایشی طی سه سال‌ زراعی 86 تا 89 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گریزه سنندج انجام گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. سه تناوب زراعی مختلف شامل نخود، آفتابگردان، گندم، کلزا (R1)؛ کود سبز، نخود، کود سبز، گندم، کود سبز، کلزا (R2) و کلزا، گندم، کلزا (R3) به عنوان عامل اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند. شش روش تأمین کود پایه شامل کود دامی (N1)، کمپوست (N2)، کود شیمیایی شامل اوره، سوپر فسفات تریپل و فسفات آمونیوم (N3)، کمپوست + کود دامی (N4)، کمپوست + کود دامی + کود شیمیایی (N5) و تیمار شاهد (N6) به عنوان سطوح عامل فرعی تعیین شدند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد همزمان کود دامی، کمپوست و کود شیمیایی، میزان عناصر معدنی خاک را افزایش می‌دهد.کاربرد کود سبز خانواده بقولات در تناوب R2 به طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم خاک، تعداد باکتری و کربن بیوماس میکروبی و همچنین فعالیت دهیدروژناز و پروتئاز نسبت به دو تناوب دیگر گردید. بیشترین تعداد باکتری و بیوماس جامعه میکروبی در تیمار کاربرد کود دامی و کمپوست به دست آمد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم‌های فسفاتاز، پروتئاز، اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز در تیمار N4 حاصل شد. بیشترین فعالیت اوره‌آز (6/48 میکرو گرم اوره در گرم خاک خشک) در تیمار کاربرد کود‌های آلی در تناوب حاوی کود سبز مشاهده گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه نیز در تیمارهای تناوب حاوی کود سبز و کاربرد تلفیقی کود‌ها مشاهده گردید. در نهایت تیمار R2N4 به عنوان تیمار برتر آزمایش معرفی گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آنزیم؛ بیوماس میکروبی؛ حاصلخیزی؛ کمپوست؛ کود دامی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effects of Integrated Methods of Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Biological Properties, and Canola Traits
نویسندگان [English]
K. Mohammadi1؛ Y. Sohrabi2
1Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch
2Assistant professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]
In order to study the effects of crop rotation and different systems of fertilization on soil chemical and biological properties and grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) Talayeh cultivar, an experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Sanandaj during 2007 - 2010 growing seasons. Experimental design was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plots contained three crop rotations including (R1): chickpea, sunflower, wheat, canola; (R2): green manure, chickpea, green manure, wheat, green manure, canola; (R3): canola, wheat, canola. Sub plots were allocated to five strategies for provision of the basal fertilizers requirement and included (N1): farm yard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers (Urea, triple super phosphate and ammonium phosphate); (N4): farmyard manure + compost and (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers; and control (N6). Results showed that simultaneous application of manure, compost and chemical fertilizers increased soil mineral elements (N, P, and K). Application of legume green manure in R2 rotation effectively increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of soil, number of bacteria, microbial carbon biomass, and also dehydrogenase and protease enzymes activity in comparison with the other rotations. The greatest number and biomass of microbial community was observed in the N4 treatment (farmyard manure + compost). The highest enzyme activity (phosphatase, protease, urease and dehydrogenase) occurred in N4 treatment. The lowest activity of dehydrogenase and protease was achieved from the R3 treatment. Green-manure crop rotation (R2) increased activity of these enzymes significantly. Most urease activity (48.6 µg urea g-1dry soil) was achieved in the R2N4 treatment. The highest grain yield was observed in R2 and N5 treatments. The R2N4 treatment was selected as the best treatment in this experiment.
مراجع
  1. AOAC. 1998. In K. Helrich (Ed.), Official methods of analysis (15th ed.). Methods 920.10. Arlington, VA/Washington, DC, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  2. Armstrong, E.L., J.S. Pate., and M.J. Unkovich. 1994. Nitrogen balance of field pea crops in South Western Australia, studied using the 15N natural abundance technique. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21: 533-549.
  3. Balota, E.L., A.C. Filho., D.S. Andrade., and R.P. Dick. 2004. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on microbial biomass and C and N mineralization in a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil Till Res. 77: 137-145.
  4. Barker, A.V., and D.J. Pilbeam. 2007. Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  5. Battacharyya, P., K. Chakrabarti., and A. Chakrabort. 2005. Microbial biomass and enzyme activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure. Chemosphere. 60: 310-318.
  6. Bremner, J.M., and C.S. Mulvaney. 1982. Nitrogen - total. P. 595-624. In Page, A.L. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.
  7. Carrera, L.M., J.S. Buyer., B. Vinyard., A.A. Abdul-Baki., L.L. Sikora., and J.R. Teasdale. 2007. Effects of cover crops, compost, and manure amendments on soil microbial community structure in tomato production systems. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: 247-255.
  8. Carter, M.R. 1993. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science. Lewis Publisher.
  9. Christen, O., and K. Sieling. 1995. Effect of different preceding crops and crop rotations on yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). Crop Sci. 174(4): 265-271.
  10. Courtney, R.G., and G.L. Mullen. 2008. Soil quality and barley growth as influenced by the land application of two compost types. Biores. Technol. 99: 2913-2918.
  11. Elfstrand, S., K. Hedlund., and K. Martensson. 2007. Soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition and function after 47 years of continuous green manuring. Appl. Soil Ecol. 35: 610-621.
  12. Erhart, E., and W. Hartl. 2003. Mulching with compost improves growth of blue spruce in Christmas tree plantations. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 39(3): 149-156.
  13. Garcıa, C., T. Hernandez., F. Costa., P. Ceccanti., and G. Masciandro. 1993. The dehydrogenase activity of soils and ecological marker in processes of perturbed system regeneration. P. 89-100. In XI International Symposium Environmental Biogeochemistry, Salamanca, Spain.
  14. Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer, a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measurement parameters. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 1004-1007.
  15. Giusquiani, P.L., G. Gigliotti., and D. Businelli. 1994. Long-term effects of heavy metals from composted municipal waste on some enzyme activities in a cultivated soil. Biol. Fert. Soil. 17: 257-262.
  16. Houx, J.H., W.J. Wiebold., and F.B. Fritschi. 2011. Long-term tillage and crop rotation determines the mineral nutrient distributions of some elements in a Vertic Epiaqualf. Soil Till. Res. 112: 27-35.
  17. Kandeler, E., and H. Gerber. 1988. Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium. Biol. Fert. Soil. 6: 68-72.
  18. Kandeler, E. 1996. Protease activity. P. 165–168 In Schinner F., Ohlinger R., Kandeler E., Margesin R. (Eds Methods in Soil Biology, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York).
  19. Kirchner, M.J., A.G. Wollum., and L.D. King. 1993. Soil microbial populations and activities in reduced chemical input agroecosystems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57: 1289-1295.
  20. Leita, L., M. De Nobilli., C. Mondini., G. Muhlbacova., L. Marchiol., G. Bragato., and M. Contin. 1999. Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal bioavailability. Biol. Fert. Soil. 4: 371-376.
  21. Li, C.H., B.L. Ma., and T.Q. Zhang. 2002. Soil bulk density effects on soil microbial populations and enzyme activities during the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) planted in large pots under field exposure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: 147-154.
  22. Liu, B., M.L. Gumpertz., S. Hu., and J.B. Ristaino. 2007. Long-term effects of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on soil microbial communities and the development of southern blight. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39: 2302-2316.
  23. Lupwayi, N.Z., K.G. Hanson., K.N. Harker., G.W. Clayton., R.E. Blackshaw., J.T. Donovan., and M.A. Monreal. 2007. Soil microbial biomass, functional diversity and enzyme activity in glyphosate-resistant wheat-canola rotations under low-disturbance direct seeding and conventional tillage. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39: 1418-1427.
  24. Lupwayi, N.Z., Brandt, S.A., Harker, K.N., O’Donovan, J.T., Clayton, G.W., and Turkington, T.K. 2010. Contrasting soil microbial responses to fertilizers and herbicides in a canola-barley rotation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42: 1997-2004.
  25. Marinari, S., G. Masciandar., B. Ceccanti., and S. Grego. 2000. Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Biores. Technol. 72: 9-17.
  26. Martınez, V., M.M. Mikha., and M.F. Vigil. 2007. Microbial communities and enzyme activities in soils under alternative crop rotations compared to wheat–fallow for the Central Great Plains. Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: 41-52.
  27. Mohammadi, K. 2011. Soil, plant and microbe interaction. Lambert Academic Publication. Germany. 120 pp.
  28. Mohammadi, K., A. Ghalavand., M. Aghaalikhani., G.R. Heidari., B. Shahmoradi., Y. Sohrabi. 2011. Effect of different methods of crop rotation and fertilization on canola traits and soil microbial activity. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(10): 1261-1268.
  29. Mohammadi, K., A. Rokhzadi. 2012. An integrated fertilization system of canola (Brassica napus L.) production under different crop rotations. Ind. Crops Prod. 37: 264-269.
  30. Mohammadi, K., G.R. Heidari., M.T. Karimi Nezhad., S. Ghamari., Y. Sohrabi. 2012. Contrasting soil microbial responses to fertilization and tillage systems in canola rhizosphere. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 19(3): 377-383
  31. Moore, J.M., S. Klose., and M.A. Tabatabai. 2000. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as affected by cropping systems. Biol. Fert. Soil. 31: 200-210.
  32. Nayak, D.R., Y.J. Babu., and T.K. Adhya. 2007. Long-term application of compost influences microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a tropical Aeric Endoaquept planted to rice under flooded condition. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39: 1897-1906.
  33. Olsen, S.R., C.V. Cole., F.S. Watanabe., and L.A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Dept. Agric. Washington DC, Circular 939.
  34. Sessitsch, A., Weilharter, A., Gerzabek, M. H., Kirchmann, H., and Kandeler, E. 2001. Microbial population structures in soil particle size fractions of a long-term fertilizer field experiment. Appl. Environ. Microb. 67: 4215-4224.
  35. Smith, J.L., and J.W. Doran. 1996. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. In Methods for Assessing Soil Quality, SSSA special publication, 49: 169-185.
  36. Sommer, R., J. Ryan., S. Masri., M. Singh., and J. Diekmann. 2011. Effect of shallow tillage, moldboard plowing, straw management and compost addition on soil organic matter and nitrogen in a dryland barley/wheat-vetch rotation. Soil Till. Res. 115: 39-46.
  37. Sparling, G.P., and A.W. West. 1988. A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: Calibration in situ using microbial respiration. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20: 337-343.
  38. Tabatabai, M.A., and M. Bremner. 1969. Use of p-nitrophenol phosphate in assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1: 301-307.
  39. Tarafdar , J.C., and H. Marschner. 1994. Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere of VA mycorrhizal wheat supplied with inorganic and organic phosphorus. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: 387-395.
  40. Tejada, M., J.L. Gonzalez., A.M. Garcıa-Martınez., and J. Parrado. 2008. Application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: Effects on soil properties. Biores. Technol. 9: 4949-4957.
  41. Tobiasova, E. 2011. The effect of organic matter on the structure of soils of different land uses. Soil Till. Res. 114: 183-192.
  42. Wlodarzyk, T., W. Stepniewski., and M. Brzezinska. 2002. Dehydrogenase activity, redox potential, and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from Cambisols under flooding conditions. Biol. Fert. Soil. 36: 200-206.
  43. Yadvinder-Singh, B.S., L.K. Ladha., C.S. Khind., and E. Pasuquin. 2004. Long-term effects of organic inputs on yield and soil fertility in the rice–wheat rotation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 845-853.
  44. Zaidi, A., M. Saghir Khan., and M.D. Amil. 2003. Interactive effect of rhizotrophic microorganisms on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Eur. J. Agron. 19: 15-21.
  45. Zhao, F.J., P.E. Bilsborrow., and S.P. McGrath. 1997. Nitrogen to sulfur ratio in rape-seed and in rapeseed protein and its use in diagnosing sulfur deficiency. J. Plant Nutr. 20: 549-558
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 857
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 481


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب