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بررسی جنبههای زیستی خواب، جوانهزنی و سبز شدن بذرهای ارشته خطایی (Lepyrodiclis holosteoides | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 1، شهریور 1398، صفحه 77-95 اصل مقاله (836.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/IJWS.2019.1501.06 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد سرحدی1؛ مهدی راستگو* 1؛ ابراهیم ایزدی دربندی1؛ علی قنبری2؛ محمد علی باغستانی میبدی3 | ||
| 1گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات - دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 2گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 3عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در طی سالهای اخیر، ارشتهخطایی(Lepyrodiclis holosteoides) به یکی از مشکلسازترین علفهایهرز پهنبرگ مزارع گندم و کلزا در مناطق معتدل و سردسیر کشور تبدیل شده است. با توجه به اهمیت زمان سبزشدن در میزان موفقیت علفهایهرز در بومنظامهای زراعی و همچنین اتخاذ راهکارهای مدیریتی کارآمد علیه این علفهرز مهاجم، مطالعاتی در زمینه برخی جنبههای زیستی حاکم بر خواب و جوانهزنی بذرهای این علفهرز، در مزارع شهرستان کرج و بخش علفهایهرز موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، در سالهای 1396-1393 انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج این بررسی، بذرهای ارشتهخطایی از پدیده چندشکلی در خواب بذر برخوردارند و اینگونه بهنظر میرسد که خواب حاکم بر این بذرها، از نوع خواب فیزیولوژیک (مربوط به مواد بازدارنده داخل بذر و تعادل هورمونی بین آبسیزیک اسید و جیبرلیک اسید) باشد. همچنین بذرهای ارشتهخطایی در فرایند جوانهزنی، حساسیت بسیار بالایی به نور نشان دادند. نخستین تاریخ سبزشدن ارشتهخطایی، در نیمه دوم آبانماه رخ داد و قدرت رویش بذر این علفهرز، با افزایش طول عمر بذرها، کاهش چشمگیری نشان داد. اگرچه بر اساس یافته های این بررسی، ارشتهخطایی از موجهای متعدد سبزشدن برخوردار است (که به احتمال قوی، این پدیده ناشی از چند شکلی خواب بذرهای است)؛ با این حال، بیش از 85 درصد از سبزشدن دانهرستها با دریافت 552 درجه-روز رشد حرارت محیطی تجمعی و در بازه زمانی 12 آذرماه تا 12 دیماه به انجام رسید. ید. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تاریکی؛ درجه-روز رشد؛ چند شکلی؛ طول عمر بذر؛ نور سبز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The study of dormancy, germination and emergence biological aspects of jagged-chickweed (Lepyrodiclis holosteoides) seeds | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Sarhaddi1؛ Mehdi Rastgoo1؛ Ebrahim Ezadi Darbandi1؛ Ali Ghanbari2؛ Mohammad Baghestani3 | ||
| 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding - Faculty of Agriculture - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 2Department of Agrotechnology - Faculty of Agriculture - Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 3Department of Weed Research, Iranian Institute of Plant Protection | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In the recent years, false jagged-chickweed (Lepyrodiclis holosteoides) has become one of the most problematic broadleaf weeds in wheat and canola fields of temperate and cold regions of Iran. Due to the the importance of the time of emergence of seedlings in the success of weed competition in crop ecosystems and consequently, the use of effective weed management methods, a series of studies were conducted in the fields of Karaj and in the Weed Research Department of Iranian Institute of Plant Protection (Tehran) during 2013-2016 to determine the biological aspects of dormancy and germination of this invasive weed seeds. Results showed that there is polymorphism in seed dormancy of false jagged-chickweed. Dormancy of false jagged-chickweed seeds can be classified in the physiological category (which is related to the presence of chemical inhibitors inside the seed and the hormonal balance between Abscisic acid and Gibberellic acid). Also, seeds of false jagged-chickweed are very photo sensitive in the germination process. The results showed that first date of the emergence of false jagged-chickweed occurred in the second half of November and seed vigor of this weed reduced significantly by increasing of seeds longevity. Lepyrodiclis seedlings emerged in form of multiple flashes during autumn and winter, however more than 85 percent of total emerged seedlings appeared after receiving 552 GDD over the period of December 12th to January 12th. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Darkness, green light, growing degree days (GDD), polymorphism, seed longevity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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