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اثربخشی کاربرد همزمان ریزوبیوم بومی و میکوریز بر پوسیدگی ریشه و عملکرد لوبیا قرمز (.Phaseolus vulgaris L) در استان لرستان | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 11، شهریور 1397، صفحه 43-58 اصل مقاله (186.11 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2018.119375 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی دهقانی* 1؛ ناصر پنجهکه2؛ هادی اسدی رحمانی3؛ محمد سالاری2؛ مصطفی درویشنیا4 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 3مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرمآباد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پوسیدگی ریشه لوبیا ناشی از قارچ Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli، بیماری مهم و اقتصادی محصول لوبیا در ایران است. امروزه بهرهگیری از روشهای منطبق با کشاورزی پایدار و حفظ محیط زیست در مدیریت بیمارگرهای گیاهی و نیز تا حدّ امکان به حداقل رساندن کاربرد سموم شیمیایی، ضرورت بسیاری دارد. این آزمایش جهت بررسی اثر کاربرد تیمارهای انفرادی و ترکیبی ریزوبیوم بومی، قارچهای میکوریز و مقایسه با تیمار شیمیایی در مزرعه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1396 در مزرعه آزمایشی ایستگاه تحقیقات سراب چنگایی با استفاده از لوبیا قرمز رقم افق اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل جدایه برتر ریزوبیوم بومی Rhizobium etli b.v. phaseoli با شناسه ملیCCSM_B011401 (R)، میکوریز Rhizophagus irregularis (M1)، میکوریزهای R. irregularis+ Funneliformis mosseae (M1+M2)، میکوریزهای R. irregularis+ F. mosseae بهعلاوه باکتری ریزوبیوم R. etli b.v. phaseoli(M1+M2+R)، باکتری ریزوبیوم R. etli b.v. phaseoli + میکوریز R. irregularis (R+M1)، تیمار شیمیایی کاربرد قارچکش (F) و کرتهای شاهد که دارای آلودگی به بیمارگر، ولی بدون تلقیح ریزوبیوم و قارچهای میکوریزی بود. ریزوبیوم به شکل پودری با آغشته کردن بذور و قارچهای میکوریزی با افزودن به بستر بذر در زمان کاشت مایهزنی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بهترین تیمار آزمایش، تیمار ترکیبی تلقیح همزمان ریزوبیوم بومی و قارچهای میکوریزی بود که تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به طور محسوس و معنی داری به ترتیب تا 34، 9/24 ، 6/51 و 38 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش و وقوع بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه لوبیا را به میزان 89 درصد کاهش داد. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که همافزایی ناشی از تلقیح همزمان عوامل بیولوژیک ریزوبیوم بومی برتر و قارچهای میکوریزی میتواند به دلیل کاهش چشمگیر وقوع بیماری و بهبود عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد لوبیا جایگزین مناسبی برای سموم و کودهای شیمیایی در این محصول باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تلقیح همزمان؛ هم افزایی؛ پوسیدگی ریشه؛ مهار زیستی؛ کنترل شیمیایی؛ کود زیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effectiveness of simultaneous application of indigenous rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza on root rot disease and yield of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Lorestan Province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Dehghani1؛ Naser Panjehkeh2؛ Hadi Asadi Rahmani3؛ Mohammad Salari2؛ Mostafa Darvishnia4 | ||
| 1Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Khorramabad, Iran | ||
| 2Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol | ||
| 3Soil Biology Research Department, National Iranian Soil and Water Research Institute, Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Fusarium root rot of common beans is an important economic disease in Iran. It is broadly suggested that farmers use ecofriendly methods of plant disease management, compatible with the sustainable agriculture to minimize the application of pesticides in the fields. The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of native rhizobium, mycorrhiza and chemical treatment. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a field experiment at Sarab Changaie Research Station in 2017 with Ofogh red-bean cultivar. The trial treatments exerted as follow, superior native rhizobium isolate Rhizobium etli b.v. phaseoli (CCSM_B011401)(R), Rhizophagus irregularis(M2), Rhizophagus irregularis + Funneliformis mosseae (M1+M2), R. irregularis + F. mosseae + R. etli b.v. phaseoli (R+M1+M2), R. irregularis + R. etli b.v. phaseoli (R+M2), fungicide treatment and control.Rhizobium powder was applied as seed treatment and mycorrhiza was added directly in seedbed during the sowing of seeds. The best result was achieved from co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and indigenous rhizobium, which showed a significant increase of the number of seeds per pod, 100 seeds weight, grain yield and biomass yield as 34, 24.9, 51.6 and 38 percent compared to control. In addition, the co-inoculation treatment reduced the incidence of bean root rot disease up to 89%. Results indicated that the synergism of indigenous rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza could be useful for managing of common bean root rot disease, reducing the use of pesticides and producing the crop in a sustainable and optimized manner. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| co-inoculation, synergism, root rot, biological control, chemical control, biofertilizer | ||
| مراجع | ||
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