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تجزیه و تحلیل و بهینهسازی انرژی مصرفی در تولید گندم آبی به روش تحلیل پوششی دادهها (مطالعۀ موردی استان البرز) | ||
| تحقیقات سامانهها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 20، شماره 73، اسفند 1398، صفحه 173-192 اصل مقاله (1016.88 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2019.125883.1306 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| عادل واحدی* | ||
| عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی الگوی مصرف انرژی، کارایی مزارع گندم، مشخص کردن مزارع کارا و تعیین میزان بهینۀ انرژی مصرفی در تولید گندم آبی استان البرز با استفاده از تکنیک ناپارامتری تحلیل پوششی دادهها (DEA) است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز تحقیق با تکمیل پرسشنامه با مصاحبۀ حضوری و مطالعات اسنادی در سال 1397 جمعآوری شد. این مطالعه بر پایه دو خروجی (گندم و کاه) و هشت ورودی اجرا و دادههای مورد نیاز آن از بیست مزرعه گندم استان البرز جمعآوری شد. کل انرژی مصرفی و ستانده در تولید گندم آبی این استان به ازای هر هکتار به ترتیب 84/45458 و 28/162169 مگاژول محاسبه شد. شاخص کارایی انرژی، بهرهوری انرژی و افزودۀ خالص انرژی به ترتیب 57/3، 27/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول و 44/116710 مگاژول بر هکتار به دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار مصرف انرژی (06/43 درصد از کل انرژی مصرفی در تولید گندم) در کود شیمیایی دیده شده است. مثبت بودن افزودۀ خالص انرژی نشان میدهد که تولید گندم آبی در استان البرز توجیهپذیر است. در رویکرد بازده به مقیاس ثابت و بازده به مقیاس متغیر به ترتیب 4 و 10 مزرعه گندم کارا تشخیص داده شدند. متوسط کارایی فنی، کارایی فنی خالص و کارایی مقیاس مزارع به ترتیب 893/0، 990/0 و 901/0 محاسبه شد. مقدار صرفهجویی انرژی در تولید گندم آبی استان 51/3 درصد به دست آمد و نشان میدهد با توجه به توصیههای این مطالعه و با حفظ سطح فعلی عملکرد محصول گندم، میتوان بهطور متوسط 62/1610 مگاژول بهازای هر هکتار زمین زیر کشت گندم در مصرف انرژی صرفهجویی کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ستانده؛ شاخصهای انرژی؛ صرفهجویی انرژی؛ کارایی فنی؛ نهاده | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Analysis and Optimization of Energy Consumption for Irrigated Wheat Production Using Data Envelopment Approach (Case Study in Alborz Province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Adel Vahedi | ||
| Assistant professor in Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Wheat as strategic product, has the highest area of cultivation and crop production in Iran. In this study energy use pattern for irrigated wheat production in Alborz province of Iran was studied and the score of technical and scale efficiency of producers were analyzed using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique for discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones. The study also helped to identify the wasteful uses of energy by inefficient farmers and to suggest reasonable savings in energy uses from different inputs. Further, the effect of optimization of energy on energy ratio and energy productivity was investigated. Primary data were obtained through field survey and personal interviews using questionnaires from 20 randomly selected irrigated wheat farms from Alborz province, the one of important center of wheat production in Iran. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2017–2018. The inputs were human labor, diesel, machinery, fertilizers and chemicals, water for irrigation, seeds and electrical energies; while the yield value of wheat was considered as output. The results revealed that, the total input energy, output energy, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, net energy were 45458.84 MJ.ha-1, 162169.28 MJ.ha-1, 3.57, 0.27 kg.MJ -1 and 116710.44 MJ.ha-1, respectively. It was disclosed that the greatest shares of input energy with 43.06% (19576.2 MJ.ha-1) corresponded to the fertilizers. The production of wheat in the province of Alborz is reasonable because of the positive amount of net energy index. About 20% of farmers were found to be technically efficient. Based on input-oriented CRS and VRS models of DEA, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were found to be 0.893, 0.990 and 0.901, respectively. The results also suggested that, on average, about 3.51% (1610.62 MJ.ha-1) of the total input energy could be saved without reducing the wheat yield from its present level provided that all farmers operated efficiently by adopting the recommendations based on the present study. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Energy Indices, Energy Saving, Input, Output, Technical Efficiency | ||
| مراجع | ||
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