An Analysis and Optimization of Energy Consumption for Irrigated Wheat Production Using Data Envelopment Approach (Case Study in Alborz Province) | ||
| تحقیقات سامانهها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| Article 13, Volume 20, Issue 73, March 2020, Pages 173-192 PDF (1016.88 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/erams.2019.125883.1306 | ||
| Author | ||
| Adel Vahedi* | ||
| Assistant professor in Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Wheat as strategic product, has the highest area of cultivation and crop production in Iran. In this study energy use pattern for irrigated wheat production in Alborz province of Iran was studied and the score of technical and scale efficiency of producers were analyzed using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique for discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones. The study also helped to identify the wasteful uses of energy by inefficient farmers and to suggest reasonable savings in energy uses from different inputs. Further, the effect of optimization of energy on energy ratio and energy productivity was investigated. Primary data were obtained through field survey and personal interviews using questionnaires from 20 randomly selected irrigated wheat farms from Alborz province, the one of important center of wheat production in Iran. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2017–2018. The inputs were human labor, diesel, machinery, fertilizers and chemicals, water for irrigation, seeds and electrical energies; while the yield value of wheat was considered as output. The results revealed that, the total input energy, output energy, energy use efficiency, energy productivity, net energy were 45458.84 MJ.ha-1, 162169.28 MJ.ha-1, 3.57, 0.27 kg.MJ -1 and 116710.44 MJ.ha-1, respectively. It was disclosed that the greatest shares of input energy with 43.06% (19576.2 MJ.ha-1) corresponded to the fertilizers. The production of wheat in the province of Alborz is reasonable because of the positive amount of net energy index. About 20% of farmers were found to be technically efficient. Based on input-oriented CRS and VRS models of DEA, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency were found to be 0.893, 0.990 and 0.901, respectively. The results also suggested that, on average, about 3.51% (1610.62 MJ.ha-1) of the total input energy could be saved without reducing the wheat yield from its present level provided that all farmers operated efficiently by adopting the recommendations based on the present study. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Energy Indices; Energy Saving; Input; Output; Technical Efficiency | ||
| References | ||
|
Abdeshahi, A., Taki, M., Golabi, M. R., & Haddad, M. (2013). Investiging on the energy efficiency of wheat crop by Dea (A case of Mahyar plain Shahreza- Iran). Agricultural Economics, 7 (4), p. 57-74. (in Persian)
Abdi, R., Zarei-Shahamat, E., Hematian, A., & Ghasemi-Mobtaker, H. (2013). Optimization of energy required for wheat production in Kermanshah province of Iran. International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review. 3(2), p. 414-422.
Ajabshirchi, Y., Taki, M., Abdi, R., Ghobadifar, A., & Ranjbar, A. (2011). Analysis of energy efficiency consumption by cultivating wheat using data envelopment analysis (DEA): Case study Silakhor plain. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, 1(2), p. 122-132.
Alam, M. S., Alam, M. R., & Islam, K. K. (2005). Energy flow in agriculture Bangladesh. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(3), p. 213-220.
Almassi, M., Kiani, Sh., & Lovimi, N. (2008). Fundamentals of Agricultural Mechanization. Fourth Edition. Jangal Publication. Tehran. (in Persian)
Amid, S., Mesri-Gundoshmian, T., Shahgholi, Gh., & Rafiei, S. (2016). Energy use pattern and optimization of energy required for broiler production, using data envelopment analysis. Information Technology in Agriculture, 3(2), p. 83-91.
Anon. 2017. Statistics Reports of Agriculture. Vol. 1. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. Department of Planning and Economy. Statistics and Information Technology Office. Available from: http://dpe.agri-jahad.ir/portal/Home/ Default. (in Persian)
Avkiran, N. K. (2001). Investigating technical and scale efficiencies of Australian universities through data envelopment analysis. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 35(1), p. 57-80. Banker, R., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), p. 1078-1092.
Burhan, O., Akcaoz, H., & Cemal, F. (2004). Energy input-output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy, 29(1), p. 39-51.
Canakci, M., Topakci, M., Akinci, I., & Ozmerzi, A. (2005). Energy use pattern of some field crops and vegetable production: Case study for Antalya region, Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(4), p. 655-666.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), p. 429-444.
Cochran, W. G. 1997. Sampling Techniques. Third Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Tone, K. (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis, A Comprehensive Text with Models, Application, References and DEA-Solver Software. 2nd Edition. Springer, New York, US.
Darlington, D. 1997. What is efficient agriculture? Available at: http:// www. veganorganic.net/agri.htm.
Elhami, B., Akram, A., & Khanali, M. (2017). Optimization of energy consumption and mitigation of greenhouses gas emissions of irrigated lentil production using data envelopment analysis. Iranian Journal of Biosystems engineering, 47(4), p. 701-710. (in Persian)
Erdal, G., Esengün, K., Erdal, H., & Gündüz, O. (2007). Energy use and economical analysis of sugarbeet production in Tokat Province of Turkey. Energy, 32(1), p. 35-41.
Esengun, K., Gunduz, O., & Erdal, G. (2007). Input– output energy analysis in dry apricot production of Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 48(2), p. 592-598.
Fathi. R., Amjadpor, F., Kouchakzadeh, A., & Azizpanah, A. (2018). The pattern and efficiency of energy use for wheat production by data envelopment analysis, case study: Chardavol Township, Ilam Province. Iranian Journal of Dryland Agriculture, 7(1), p. 33-46. (in Persian)
Ghahdarijani, M. (2007). Determination of energy consumption of wheat germinated wheat in different levels of cultivation in West of Isfahan (Friedan and Fereydoun Shahr) (M. Sc. Thesis). University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Ghahdarijani, M., Keyhani, A. R., Tabatabaeefar, A., & Omid, M. (2009). Evaluation and determination of energy consumption for potato production in various levels of cultivated areas in Isfahan province of Iran (Case study: western of Isfahan province). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(1), p. 183-195. (in Persian)
Ghasemi-Mobtaker, H. G., Keyhani, A., Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., & Akram, A. (2010). Sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for barley production in Hamedan Province of Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and. Environment. 137(3-4), p. 367-372.
Ghasemi-Mobtaker, H., Akram, A., Keyhani, A., & Mohammadi, A. (2012). Optimization of energy required for alfalfa production using data envelopment analysis approach. Energy for Sustainable Development, 16, p. 242-248.
Ghojabeige, F., Omid, M., Ahmadi, H., & Delshad, D. (2009). Evaluation and development of efficient usage of energy recourses in cucumber production in green houses in province of Tehran, by using data envelopment analysis. 6th National Conference of Mechanic and Mechanization of Agricultural Machinery. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ghorbani, R., Mondani, F., Amirmoradi, S., Feizi, H., Khorramdel, S., Teimouri, M., & Aghel, H. (2011). A case Study of energy use and economical analysis of irrigated and dryland wheat production systems. Applied Energy, 88(1), p. 283-288.
Hu, J. L., & Kao, C. H. 2007. Efficient energy-saving targets for APEC economies. Energy Policy, 35(1), p. 373-82.
Kitani, O. (1999). CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 5. Energy and Biomass Engineering. ASAE publication, St Joseph, MI.
Koocheki, A. (1994). Agriculture and Energy (Ecological Attitudes). Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran. (in Persian)
Koocheki, A., & Hosseini, M. R. (1994). Energy Efficiency in Agro Ecosystems. University Press of Mashhad. (in Persian)
Manafi-Dastjerd, M., & Lari, A. (2017). Evaluation and comparison of energy indices within wheat farms in townships of Alborz province.Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 47(4), p. 771-779. (in Persian)
Mandal, K. G., Saha, K. P., Ghosh, P. K., Hati, K. M., & Bandyopadhyay, K. K. (2002). Bioenergy and economic analysis of soybean based crop production systems in central India. Biomass Bioenergy, 23(5), p. 337-345.
Mehrabi-Boshrabadi, H., & Ismaili, A. (2010). Analysis energy output-input in the agricultural sector of Iran. Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 19(74), p. 1-28. (in Persian)
Mohammadi, S., Maysami, M. A., & Ajabshirchi, Y. (2017). Energy consumption patterns of irrigated wheat production in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 3(2), p. 33-41. (in Persian)
Molaei, K., Keyhani, A., Karimi, M., Kheir-Alipour, K., & Ghasemi, M. (2009). Energy ratio in rainfed wheat: Case study of Eghlid region. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 39(1), p. 13-19. (in Persian)
Mousavi-Avval, S. H., Rafiee, S., Jafari, A., & Mohammadi, A. (2011). Optimization of energy consumption for soybean production using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Applied Energy, 88(11), p. 3756-3772.
Naderloo, L., Alimardani, R., Omid, M., Sarmadian, F., Javadikia, P., Torabi, M. Y., & Alimardani, F. (2012). Application of ANFIS to predict crop yield based on different energy inputs. Measurement, 45(6), p. 1406-1413.
Nassiri, S. M., & Singh, S. (2009). Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. Applied Energy, 86(7-8), p. 1320-1325.
Ozkan, B., Akcaoz, H., & Fert, C. (2004). Energy input output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy. 29(1), p. 39-51.
Rahman, S., & Hasan, M. K. (2014). Energy Productivity and efficiency of wheat farming in Bangladesh. Energy, 66, p. 107-114.
Sarica, K., & Or, I. (2007). Efficiency assessment of Turkish power plants using data envelopment analysis. Energy, 32(8), p. 1484-99.
Shahin, S., Jafari, A., Mobli, H., Rafiee, S., & Karimi, M. (2008). Energy use and economical analysis of wheat production in Iran: A case study from Ardabil province. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 4(1), p. 77-88.
Singh, H., Mishra, D., & Nahar, N. M. (2002). Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in arid zone, India part I. Energy Conversion and Management. 43(16), p. 2275-2286.
Taheri-Asl, A., & Sadeghi, A. (2011). Requirements and solutions to optimize energy consumption in the agricultural sector. 8th National Conference on Energy. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran's National Energy Committee. (in Persian)
Vahedi, A., & Younesi-Alamooti, M. (2017). Determining energy indices of broiler units in the province of Alborz. Agricultural Mechanization and Systems Research, 17(67), p. 41-54. (in Persian)
Yilmaz, I., Akcaoz, H., & Ozkan, B. (2005). An analysis of energy use and input costs for cotton productionin Turkey. Renewable Energy, 30(2), p. 145-155. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 730 PDF Download: 586 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb