Essential oil compositions of wild and cultivated Achillea millefolium L. subsp. elbursensis | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| Article 2, Volume 35, Issue 1 - Serial Number 93, March and April 2019, Pages 1-11 PDF (250.13 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijmapr.2019.122699.2361 | ||
| Authors | ||
| F. Askari* ; M. Mirza; M. Golipour; S. Fekri Qomi | ||
| Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The genus Achillea has 19 species of herbaceous, perennial and aromatic plant in Iran. This genus of compositae family has complex characteristics. Chamazolene is a major component of essential oil of inflorescence and leaf, reported to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A. millefolium L. subsp. elbursensis is an endemic subspecies of Iran and no studies have been conducted on the cultivation of this species; therefore a preliminary study was conducted on the cultivation and its effect on secondary metabolites. For this purpose, the seeds of Achillea were collected from Dizine area in October 2016. The seeds of Achillea were cultivated in a greenhouse at the beginning of March and seedlings were transplanted to the farm in late April 2017.At flowering stage in August, aerial parts were collected in two consecutive years to obtain the essential oils. To compare the essential oil of cultivated samples with habitat samples, the aerial parts of Achillea were collected from Dizin at the flowering stage in August 2017. The plant parts including leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and were crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The color of A. millefolium essential oils was dark blue. The yields of A. millefolium essential oils of leaf and inflorescence (w/w dried weight) from habitat samples were 0.11% and 0.53%, respectively, and from cultivated samples were 0.28% and 0.50% in 2017 and 0.26% and 1.30% in 2018, respectively. Chamazulene was the major constituent of leaf (5.7%) and inflorescence (52.5%) oils in the habitat samples. The content of this compound in cultivated samples was 50.6% and 67.1% in the first year, and 59.6% and 71.3% in the second year, respectively. Another major constituents were caryophyllene alcohol, caryophyllene oxide, camphor, borneol and b-eudesmol. Chamazulene as major compound of the oil, found in all aerial parts of cultivated samples, while, it was found only in the inflorescence of wild sample. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Achillea millefolium L; essential oil; chemical composition; chamazulene; cultivation | ||
| References | ||
|
- Adams, R.P., 2011. Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press: New York, 809p. - Baser, K.H.C., 2016. Review: essential oils of Achillea species of Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 3(1): 1-14. - Candan, F., Unlu, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A. and Akpulat, H.A., 2003. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). Journal Ethnopharmacology, 87: 215-220. - Capuzzo, A., Occhipinti, A. and Maffei, M.E., 2014. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of chamazulene. Natural Product Research, 28(24): 2321-2323. - Cernaj, P., Liptakova, H., Mohr,G., Repeak, M. and Honcariv, R., 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker. Herb Hung., 22: 21-27. - Davies, N.W., 1998. Gas chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl and carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatography, 503: 1-24. - Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pais, M. and Scheffer, J.J.C., 1992. Composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 7(4): 219-222. - Hethelyi, E., Danos, B. and Tetenyi, P., 1989. Phytochemical studies on the essential oils of species belonging to the Achilleagenus by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry Banner, 18(8):629-636. - Iscan, G., Kirimer, N., Kurkcuoglu, M., Arabaci, T., Kupeli, E. and Baser, K.H.C., 2006. Biological activity and composition of the essential oils of Achillea schischkinii Sosn. and Achillea aleppica DC. subsp aleppica. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(1): 170-173. - Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B. and Mozaffarian, V., 2006. Chemical constituents of the leaf and flower oils from Achillea millefolium subsp. elbursensis Hub.Mor. from Iran rich in chamazulene. Journal Essential oil of Research, 18: 293-295. - Safayhi, H., Sabieraj, J., Sailer, E.R. and Ammon, H.P., 1994. Chamazulene: an antioxidant-type inhibitor of leukotriene B4 formation. Planta Medica, 60(5): 410-413. - Shibamoto, T., 1987. Retention indices in essential oil analysis: 259-274. In: Sandra, P. and Bicchi, C., (Eds.). Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Dr. Alfred Huethig Verlag, New York, 435p. - Stevanovic, Z.D., Pljevljakusic, D., Ristic, M., Sostaric, J., Kresovic, M., Simic, I. and Vrbnieganin, S., 2015. Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium agg. populations collected from saline habitats in Serbia. Journal Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(6): 1343-1352. - The Merck Index, 1989. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals Drugs and Biologicals. Merck Authors, 11th Edition, 2031p. - Toncer, O., Basbag, S., Karaman, S., Diraz, E. and Basbag, M., 2010. Chemical composition of the essential oils of some Achillea species growing wild in Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12(4): 527-530. - Turkmenoglu, F.P., Agar, O.T., Akaydin, G., Hayran, M. and Demirci, B., 2015. Characterization of volatile compounds of eleven Achillea species from Turkey and biological activities of essential oil and methanol extract of A. hamzaoglui Arabaci et Budak. Molecules, 20: 11432-11458. - Twaij, H.A.A., 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B. Fitoterapia, 54: 25-32. - Weyerstahl, P., Marschall, H., Seelmann, I. and Rustaiyan, A., 1997. Constituents of the essential oil of Achillea eriophora DC. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 12: 71-78. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 1,185 PDF Download: 1,080 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb