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اثر بار معلق بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک دشت سیلابی رود هیرمند در سیستان | ||
| پژوهش های آبخیزداری | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 31، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 121، دی 1397، صفحه 31-42 اصل مقاله (943.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/wmej.2018.121758.1116 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معین جهان‌تیغ* 1؛ منصور جهان تیغ2؛ سیدمحمد تاج‌بخش3؛ هادی معماریان3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکترا، دانشگاه گرگان | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 3استادیار دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر بار معلق جریان‌های سیلابی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاکِ زمین‌های مجاور رودخانه‌ی سیستان است. اندازه‌ی ذرات با نمونه‌برداری از بار معلق سیلاب‌هایی که از افغانستان وارد رودخانه‌ی سیستان می‌شود مشخص شد. سپس زمین‌هایی که با سیلاب‌های ورودی به رودخانه‌ی سیستان با تلمبه آبیاری می‌شوند مشخص، و میزان بار معلق آب‌کشی‌شده در هر سال زراعی در آن‌ها برآورد گردید. نمونه‌هایی از خاکِ مناطق پخش سیلاب و منطقه‌ی شاهد برداشته، و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن‌ها واکاوی شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان دادند که بین میانگین مقادیر اسیدیته، مجموع کلسیم و منیزیم و درصد شن در منطقه‌ی آبیاری و شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود ندارد، درحالی‌که بین مقادیر پتاسیم، کربن، نیتروژن، ماده‌ی آلی و درصد رطوبت خاک در تراز ۱% (P< 0.01) و هدایت الکتریکی، سدیم، نسبت جذب سدیم، درصد سدیم تبادلی، درصد سدیم محلول، فسفر، رس و لای خاک در تراز ۵% (P<0.05) اختلاف معنی‌دار است. بافت خاک از متوسط رسی‌شنی در منطقه‌ی شاهد، به متوسط در زمین‌های آبیاری‌شده با سیلاب تغییر یافته است. بر این اساس، نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که رسوب‌های معلق آب‌کشی‌شده به‌وسیله‌ی تلمبه‌ها باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاکِ زمین‌های آبیاری‌شده با سیلاب گردیده است، که با توجه به تسریع بیابان‌زایی و بایر شدن زمین‌ها در این منطقه، شرایط مناسبی را برای بهره‌برداری از این زمین‌ها فراهم آورده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بار معلق؛ حاصل‌خیزی خاک؛ ویژگی‌های خاک؛ رود هیرمند | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Suspended Load on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil on the Hirmand Flood Plain | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Moien Jahantigh1؛ Mansour Jahantigh2؛ Seyed Mohammad Tajbakhsh3؛ Hadi Memarian3 | ||
| 1PhD student, University of Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Sistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zabol, I. R. Iran | ||
| 3Asistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, University of Birjand, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Flood plalins are usually affected by the quantity and quality of the suspended load of the floodwater that inundates those areas. This is made possible by pumping the turbid water for irrigating the cropland adjacent to the river. This study was performed to assess the effects of addition of the suspended load carried by the Hirmand River on some physico-chemical properties of the farm fields irrigated by the pumped turbid water. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in the sand percentage, pH and Ca and Mg concentration between the irrigated and the control area. However, K, C, N, organic matter content and water saturation percentage showed a highly significant difference (p<0.01) between the two treatments. Moreover, SAR, ESP, and P concentration and silt and clay content of the irrigated area showed higher quantities at the (P<0.05) significance difference. Soil texture changed from loamy sand in the control area to loamy in the irrigated cropland. The turbid water irrigation of the sandy flood plain of the Hirmand River has improved most of the physico-chemical characteristics of the cropped area. Therefore, this irrigation method may be termed a desertification control technology. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| soil characteristics, Soil fertility, suspended load, The Sistan River | ||
| مراجع | ||
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