| تعداد نشریات | 287 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 85 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,159 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,108 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,528,798 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,477,702 |
ارزش غذایی سیلاژ علوفه تاجخروس (رقم Maria) در مقایسه با سیلاژ ذرت | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| مقاله 23، دوره 31، شماره 121، اسفند 1397، صفحه 303-316 اصل مقاله (1.09 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/asj.2018.121504.1682 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسین شادی1؛ یوسف روزبهان* 2؛ جواد رضائی3؛ حسن فضائلی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران | ||
| 4استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گیاه تاجخروس رقم ماریا و ذرت علوفهای هرکدام در 5 تکرار در ظرفهای پلاستیکی برای 60 روز سیلو شدند. ترکیب شیمیایی، اسید اگزالیک، نیترات و ترکیبات فنولی نمونهها تعیین شد. تخمیرپذیری برونتنی و انرژی قابل متابولیسم با روش آزمون گاز، و تجزیهپذیری با استفاده از کیسههای نایلونی در سه رأس قوچ فیستولهدار اندازهگیری شد. پروتئین خام در علوفه تازه ذرت و تاجخروس بهترتیب 80 و 199، و در سیلاژ آنها به ترتیب 75 و180 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود، که نشاندهنده پروتئین خام بیشتر (05/0P<) در علوفه و سیلاژ تاجخروس نسبت به ذرت است. ذرت علوفهای نسبت به تاجخروس مقادیر بیشتری ماده خشک، کربوهیدراتهای محلول در آب و NDFom داشت، در حالی که خاکستر خام در تاجخروس زیادتر بود (05/0P<). مقدار pH در سیلاژ ذرت و تاجخروس به ترتیب 8/3 و 1/4 بود (05/0P<). غلظت نیترات، اسید اگزالیک، مجموع ترکیبات فنلی و کل تانن در سیلاژ ذرت کمتر از سیلاژ تاجخروس بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و تجزیهپذیری مؤثر در سیلاژ تاجخروس کمتر از سیلاژ ذرت بود (05/0P<)، اما تولید پروتئین میکروبی و پروتئین قابل متابولیسم در سیلاژ تاجخروس بیشتر (05/0P<) بود. بهطور کلی، گیاه تاجخروس رقم ماریا از نظر ترکیب مواد مغذی و فراسنجههای تخمیرپذیری با ذرت علوفهای قابل مقایسه بوده، و دارای پروتئین خام بیشتری است. تاجخروس میتواند سیلاژ مناسبی برای تغذیه دام در مناطق کمآب باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تاجخروس؛ سیلاژ؛ تخمیر برونتنی؛ تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Nutritive value of amaranth (var. Maria) silage in comparison with corn silage | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hossein Shadi1؛ Yousef Rouzbehan2؛ Javad Rezaei3؛ Hasan Fazaeli4 | ||
| 1MSc Student, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. | ||
| 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Faculty member, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University | ||
| 4Academic Stuff, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Forage amaranth (var. Maria) and corn were ensiled in plastic bags, for a period of 60 days, with 5 replicates. Chemical composition, oxalic acid, nitrate and phenolic compounds of the samples were measured. In vitro ruminal fermentation and ME were determined using a gas production method, and in situ degradability by nylon bags using 3 fistulated rams. Crude protein were 80 and 199 g/kg DM for fresh corn and amaranth, and 75 and 180 g/kg DM for ensiled corn and amaranth, respectively, which indicate higher (P<0.05) protein in fresh and ensiled amaranth compared with corn. Forage corn was contained higher DM, WSC and NDFom in comparison with amaranth, while ash was greater in amaranth (P<0.05). The pH of corn and amaranth silages was 3.8 and 4.1, respectively. The amounts of nitrate, oxalic acid, total phenolics and total tannin in corn silage were lower than amaranth silage (P<0.05). In vitro organic matter digestibility, ME and effective degradability of ensiled amaranth were lower (P<0.05) than those in corn silage, but microbial protein and metabolizable protein were greater (P<0.05) in amaranth silage. Overall, nutrients composition and fermentability parameters of amaranth (var. Maria) were comparable to corn silage, with higher crude protein content. Amaranth can be preserved as a valuable silage to feed ruminants in arid area. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| amaranth, silage, in vitro fermentation, ruminal degradability | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
عباسی، م. (1396). تأثیر پژمردگی، افزودن ملاس و تلقیح باکتری لاکتوباسیلوس بر ارزش غذایی سیلاژ تاجخروس. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران. ص 73. مهرانی، ا.، فضائلی، ح. و اسدی، ه. (1391). اثر برداشت در مراحل مختلف رشد بر کمیت و کیفیت علوفه ارقام آمارانت و ارزیابی اقتصادی آن. مجله به زراعی نهال و بذر. جلد 2-28، شماره 2. ص. 185-173. Abbasi, D., Rouzbehan, Y. and Rezaei, J. (2012). Effect of harvest date and nitrogen fertilization rate on the nutritive value of amaranth forage (Amaranth hypochondriacus). Animal Feed Science andTechnology.171:6-13. AFRC. (1992). Nutrient requirements of ruminant animals: Protein. AFRC, Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients, Report No. 10. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B 62:787–835. Jung, H.G. and Allen, M.S. (1995). Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants. Journal Animal Science. 73:2774–2790. Anele, U.Y., Südekum, K.-H., Hummel, J., Arigbede, O.M., Oni, A.O., Olanite, J.A., Böttger, C., Ojo, V.O. and Jolaosho, A.O. (2011). Chemical characterization, in vitro dry matter and ruminal crude protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) haulm varieties. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 163:161–169. AOAC International. (1998). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 16th ed. 4th rev. AOAC International, Arlington, VA, USA. Babaeinasab, Y., Rouzbehan, Y., Fazaeli, H. and Rezaei, J. (2015). Chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of potato-wheat straw silage treated with molasses and lactic acid bacteria and corn silage. Journal of Animal Science. 93:4377–4386. Ben Salem, H., Saghrouni, L. and Nefzaoui, A. (2005). Attempts to deactivate tannins in fodder shrubs with physical and chemical treatments. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 122:109-121. Blummel, M., Makkar, H. and Becker, K. (1997). In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 77 (1-5):24-34. Faithfull, N.T. (2002). Methods in Agricultural Chemical Analysis: a practical handbook. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK. Haigh, P.M. and Parker, J.W.G. (1985). Effect of silage additives and wilting on silage fermentation, digestibility and intake, and on live weight change of young cattle. Grass and Forage Science. 40(4):429-436. Hastert, A.A., Owensby, C.E. and Harbers, L.H. (1983). Rumen microbial degradation of indiangrass and big bluestem leaf blades. Journal of Animal Science. 57(6):1626-1634. Kaiser, A.G., Piltz, J.W., Burns, H.M. and Griffiths, N.W. (2004). Successful Silage, 2nd ed. Dairy Australia and NSW Dept. of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Karimi Rahjerdi, N., Rouzbehan, Y., Fazaeli, H. and Rezaei, J. (2015).Chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, digestibility, and degradability of silages from two amaranth varieties (Kharkovskiy and Sem), corn, and an amaranth–corn combination. Journal of Animal Science. 93:5781–5790. MAFF. (1982). The Analysis of Agricultural Materials, 2nd ed. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, London, UK. Makkar, H.P.S. (2000). Quantification of tannins in tree foliage. A laboratory manual for the FAO/IAEA co-ordinated research project on use of nuclear and related techniques to develop simple tannin assays for predicting and improving the safety and efficiency of feeding ruminants on tanniniferous tree foliage. Joint FAO/IAEA of nuclear techniques in food and agriculture. In: Animal Production and Health Sub-programme, FAO/IAEA Working Document. IAEA, Vienna, Austria. Makkar, H.P. (2010). In vitro screening of feed resources for efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. In In vitro screening of plant resources for extra-nutritional attributes in ruminants: nuclear and related methodologies (pp. 107-144). Springer Netherlands. McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heron, S.J.E. (1991). The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, Marlow, UK. McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A. and McSweeney, C.S., Palmer, B., Bunch, R. and Krause, D.O. (2001). Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 90:78-88. Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science. (Camb.) 92:217-222. Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development. 28, 7–55. Mertens, D.R. (2002). Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds using refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal AOAC International. 85:1217–1240. Min, B.R., McNabb, W.C., Barry, T.N. and Peters, J.S. (2000). Solubilization and degradation of ribulose-0,7-bispHospHate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4,1,1,39; Rubisco) protein from white clover (Trifolium repens) and Lotus corniculatus by rumen microorganisms and the effect of condensed tannins on these processes. Journal of Agricultural Science. 134 (13):305-317. Nkosi, M.T. and Mekuria, F. (2010). Cloud computing for enhanced mobile health applications.Cloud Computing Technology and Science, 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on, 2010. Norton, B.W. (1998). The Nutritive value of tree legumes. In: Gutteridge R.C. and Shelton H.M. eds., Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Tropical grass land Society Aus. Inc., St Lucia. Queensland. pp. 15-48. Australia. NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements for Dairy Cattle, 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC. Olorunnisomo, O.A. and Ayodele, O.J., (2009). Effects of intercropping and fertilizer application on the yield and nutritive value of maize and amaranth forages in Nigeria. Grass Forage Science. 64:413–420. Pinares-Patino, C.S., DHour, P., Jouany, J.P. and Martin, C. (2007). Effects of stocking rate on methane and carbon dioxide emissions from grazing cattle. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 121:30–46. Ørskov, E. and McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science. 92 (2):499-503. Rahnama, A. and Safaeie, A.R. (2017). Performance comparison of three varieties of Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus L.) at different harvest time. Journal of Asian Scientific Research. 7(6):224-230. Rahman, M.M., Abdullah, R.B. and Wan Khadijah, W.E. (2013). A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 97(4):605–614. Rezaei, J., Rouzbehan, Y. and Fazaeli, H. (2009). Nutritive value of fresh and ensiled amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) treated with different levels of molasses. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 151:153-160. Rezaei, J., Rouzbehan, Y., Fazaeli, H. and Zahedifar, M. (2013). Carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and blood parameters of fattening lambs fed on diets containing amaranth silage substituted for corn silage. Small Ruminant Research. 114:225-232. Rezaei, J., Rouzbehan, Y., Fazaeli, H. and Zahedifar, M. (2014). Effects of substituting amaranth silage for corn silage on intake, growth performance, diet digestibility, microbial protein, nitrogen retention and ruminal fermentation in fattening lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 192:29-38. Robertson, L.J. and Waghorn, G.C. (2002). Dairy industry perspectives on methane emissions and production from cattle fed pasture or total mixed rations in New Zealand. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production. 62:213-218. Sarmadi, B., Rouzbehan, Y. and Rezaei, J. (2016). Influences of growth stage and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical composition, phenolics, in situ degradability and in vitro ruminal variables in amaranth forage. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 215:73-84. Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Ajmal Khan, M. and Mushtaque, M. (2006). Chemical composition, herbage yield and nutritive value of panicum antidotale and pennisetum orientale for nili buffaloes at different clipping intervals. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 19:176-180. Savage, G.P., Vanhanen, L., Mason, S.M. and Ross, A.B. (2000). Effect of cooking on the soluble and insoluble oxalic acid content of some New Zealand foods. Journal Food Composition Analyses. 13:201–206. Seguin, P., Mustafa, A.F., Donnelly, D.J. and Gélinas, B. (2013). Chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled amaranth forage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 93 (15):3730-3736. Singh, J.P. (1988). A rapid method for determination of nitrate in soil and plant extracts. Plant Soil. 110:137–139. Sleugh, B.B., Moore, K.J., Brummer, E.C., Knapp, A.D., Russell, J. and Gibson, L. (2001). Forage value of various amaranth species at different harvest dates. Crop Science. 41:466- 472. Stallknecht, G. and Schulz-Schaeffer, J. (1993). Amaranth rediscovered. New Crops. Wiley, New York: 211-218. Teutonico, R.A. and Knorr, D. (1985). Amaranth: composition, properties, and applications of a rediscovered food crop. Food Technology. 39:49–60. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd ed. Cornell University Press, Itacha, NY, USA, pp. 476. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74:3583–3597. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,056 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 682 |
||