| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,219 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,690 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 53,564,019 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 92,843,900 |
ارزیابی کارنده کاشت مستقیم در روشهای مختلف مدیریت بقایای گندم در زراعت ذرت | ||
| تحقیقات سامانهها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 20، شماره 73، اسفند 1398، صفحه 53-66 اصل مقاله (788.85 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2019.121891.1259 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید روزبه* 1؛ علی خانی2 | ||
| 1هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی فارس | ||
| 2کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس(داراب) | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در سیستم های خاکورزی حفاظتی، بقایای زیاد محصولات زراعی بر سطح خاک، کارایی کارنده های کاشت مستقیم و در نتیجه تولید محصول را پایین می آورد و بدین گونه پذیرش این سیستم ها توسط کشاورزان را محدود می کند. برای ارزیابی کارایی کارندة کاشت مستقیم در روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای محصولات و اثر آن بقایا بر عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانه زنی، یکنواختی عمق کاشت و ظرفیت مزرعه ای مؤثر در زراعت ذرت، مطالعه ای مزرعه ای با استفاده از طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و پنج تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل رها کردن بقایای گیاهی (T1)، بیرون بردن (T2)، خرد کردن (T3) و دیسک زدن آنها (T4) بود. از تحلیل عاملی به منظور گروه بندی و تعیین مؤثرترین شاخص های کارایی کارنده استفاده شد. نتایج بررسی ها نشان داد که روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای گیاهی تأثیر معنی داری بر ظرفیت مزرعه ای مؤثر، عمق کاشت، سرعت جوانه زنی و یکنواختی عمق کاشت ذرت دارد. کمترین میزان عمق کاشت و یکنواختی توزیع عمودی بذر در روش T1 مشاهده شد. یافته ها نشان میدهد تأثیر روش های مختلف مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بر سرعت جوانهزنی و یکنواختی عمق کاشت به ترتیب به صورت T2>T3>T1>T4و T2>T3>T4>T1 است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان میدهد که سرعت جوانه زنی، عمق کاشت و یکنواختی عمق کاشت برجسته ترین شاخص های کارایی کارنده کاشت مستقیم ذرت شناخته می شوند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تحلیل عاملی؛ خاک ورزی حفاظتی؛ سرعت جوانه زنی؛ کارایی کارنده؛ مدیریت بقایای گیاهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of No-Till Drill Performance under Various Residue Management Methods in Corn Cropping | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Khani2؛ | ||
| 2Department of water and soil research, Darab Agricultural Resarch station | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Heavy crop residue on the soil surface impedes no-till drill performance and subsequent crop production in conservation tillage systems and therefore limit its adoption by farmers. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine the effects of various residue management methods on no-till drill performance. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in five replications. The residue management systems were in four levels of leaving (T1), removing (T2), chopping (T3) and disking (T4). Factor analysis was used to group and identify the most effective indicators of drill performance. The results showed that various residue management methods had a significant effect on planting depth, the speed of emergence, effective field capacity, and depth uniformity. The minimum planting depth and depth uniformity observed for the T1 treatment in the corn crop. The findings revealed that the speed of emergence and depth uniformity was in the order T2>T3>T1>T4and T2>T3>T4>T1 in the corn crop. The results of factor analysis indicated that speed of emergence, planting depth and uniformity of depth were identified as the most effective indicators for evaluating no-till drill performance indexes. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Conservation Tillage, Crop Residue Management, Drill Performance, Emergence Speed, Factor Analysis | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Altikat, S., Celik, A., & Gozubuyuk, Z. (2013). Effect of various no-till seeders and stubble conditions on sowing performance of common vetch. Soil Tillage Research, 126, p. 72- 77.
Ambebe, T. F., Dang, Q. L., & Li, J. (2009). Low soil temperature inhibits the effect of high nutrient suply on photosynthetic response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in white birch seedlings. Tree Physiololgy, 30, p. 234-243.
Bol, M. B., & Mohamed, H. I. (2006). Development of a computer model for machinery selection and management. Journal of Agricultural Science, 14(2): p. 135-149.
Carter, M. R. (1994). A review of conservation tillage strategies for humd temprate regions. Soil Tillage Research, 31, p. 289-301.
Celik, A., & Altikat, S. 2010. Effects of various stripwidths and tractor forward speeds in strip tillage on soil physical properties and yield of silage corn. Journal of Agricultural Science, 16, p. 169-179.
Chen, Y., Lobb, D., Cavers, C., Tessier, S., & Monero, F. (2002). Straw incorporation through tillage practices under heavy clay soil conditions. Research Report. Submitted to Covering New Ground Program. Manitoba. Canada.
Chen, Y., Monero, F., Lobb, D., Tessier, S., & Cavers, C. (2004). Effects of six tillage methods on residue incorporation and crop performance under a heavy clay soil condition. Transactions of the ASAE, 47(4): p. 1003-1010.
Cochran, V. L., Elliot, L. F., & Papendick, R. I. (1982). Effect of crop residue management and tillage on water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat. Agronomy Journal, 74(6): p.
Cuomo, G. J., Redfearn, D. D., & Blouin, D. C. (1999). Management of warm-season annual grass residue on annual ryegrass establishment and production. Agronomy Journal, 91, p. 666-671.
Elmi, A. A., Madramootoo, C., & Amel, C. H. (2003). Denitrification and nitrous oxide to nitrous oxide plus dinitrogen ratios in the soil profile under three tillage system. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38, 340-348.
Ford, J. H., & Hicks, D. R. (1992). Corn growth and yield in uneven emerging stand. Journal of Production Agriculture, 5, p. 185-188.
Guerif, J., Richard, G., Durr, C., & Roger-Estrade, J. (2001). A review of tillage effects on crop residue management, seedbed condition and seedling establishment. Soil Tillage Research, 61, p. 13-32.
Hanna, H. M., Melvin, S. W., & Pope, R. O. (1995). Tillage implement operational effects on residue cover. Transactions of the ASAE, 11(2): p. 205-210.
Jagadamma, S., Lal, R., Robert, R. G., & Adee, E. A. (2008). Nitrogen fertilization and crroping system impacts on soil properties and their relationship to crop yield in the central corn belt, USA. Soil Tillage Research, 98, p. 120-129.
Janelle, L., Tessier, S., & Lague, C. (1993). Seeding tool design for no-tillage conditions in north-east America. ASAE Paper No. 93-1561. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
Kaspar, T. C., Erbach, D. C., & Cruse, R. M. (1990). Corn response to seed-row residue removal. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54, p. 1112-1117.
Lal, R. (1995). Erosion–crop productivity relationships for soils of Africa. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, p. 661-667.
Licht, M. A. & Al-Kaisi, M. (2005) Strip-Tillage effect on seedbed soil temperature and other soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 80, 233-249.
Liu, W., Tollenaar, M., Stewart, G., & Deen, W. (2004b). Response of corn grain yield to spatial and temporal variabilityin emergence. Crop Science, 44, p. 847-854.
Morrison, J. E., & Gerik, T. J. (1985). Planter depth control: Predictions and projected effects on crop emergence. Transactions of the ASAE, 28, p. 1419-1424.
Nielsen, R. L. (2001). Stand establishment variability in corn. Journal of Production Agriculture, 8, p. 391-393.
Parent, G., Tessier, S., Allard, G., & Angers, D. A. (1993). Semis direct des plantes fourrageres au Quebec: une revue. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 37, p. 29-39.
Repo, T., Kalliokoski, T., Domisch, T., & Finér, L. (2005). Effects of timing of soil frost thawing on Scots pine. Tree Physiology, 25, p. 1053-1062.
Roozbeh, M., & Ghanbari, A. H. (2017). Impacts of residue management methods and fertilizer levels of nitrogen on soil residual nitrate and nitrogen uptake under no-tillage system of corn. Agric. Mechanical System Research, 18(69): p. 85-96.
Senapati, P. C., Mohapatra, P. K., & Dikshit, U. N. (1992). Field evaluation of seeding devices for finger-millet. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 23(3): p. 21-28.
Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley and Sons. NY.
Shiferaw, B., & Holden, S. T. (1998). Resource degradation and adoption of land conservation technologies in the Ethiopian Highlands: A case study in Andit Tid, North Shewa. Agricultural Economics, 18, p. 233-247.
Siemens, M. C., Wilkins, D. E., & Correa, R. F. (2004). Development and evaluation of residue management wheel for hoe type no-till drill. Transactions of the ASAE, 47(2): p. 397-404.
Siemens, M. C., & Wilkins, D. E. (2006). Effect of residue management methods on no-till drill performance. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25(1): p. 51-60.
Singh, B., & Singh, T. P. (1995). Development and performance of zero-till seed drill. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 32(1-4): p. 13-23.
Smith, J., Hofman, V., & Taylor, R. (2000). Residue Management at Harvest. In: Reeder, R. (Ed.) Conservation Tillage Systems and Management. 2nd Ed. Ames, Iowa.
Staricka, J. A., Allmaras, R. R., & Nelson, W. W. (1991). Spatial variation of crop residue incorporation by tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, p. 1668-1674.
Tessier, S., Saxton, K. E., Papendick, R. I., & Hyde, G. M. (1991). Zero-tillage furrow opener effects on seed envirioment and wheat emergence. Soil Tillage Research, 21, p. 347-360.
Wicks, G. A., Cruchfiel, A., & Burnside, O. (1994). Influence of wheat straw mulch on metolachlor corn growth and yield. Weed Science, 1, 141-147.
Wilkins, D. E., Bolton, F., & Saxton, K. A. (1992). Evaluating seeders for conservation tillage production of peas. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 8(2): p. 165-170.
Wuest, B. W., Albrecht, S. L., & Skirvin, K. W. (2000). Crop residue position and interference with wheat seedling development. Soil Tillage Research, 55(3-4): p. 175-182. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,173 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 653 |
||