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بررسی بهره وری آب و عملکرد سویا در سامانه‌های مختلف خاک ورزی و بقایای گیاهی | ||
| تحقیقات سامانه‌ها و مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 21، شماره 74، شهریور 1399، صفحه 83-96 اصل مقاله (1.21 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/erams.2018.123528.1274 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد اسماعیل اسدی* 1؛ حمیدرضا صادق نژاد2 | ||
| 1استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2مربی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه سطح کشاورزی حفاظتی در جهان بیش از 180 میلیون هکتار و یکی از مزایای اصلی آن بهبود بهره وری آب است. این تحقیق در بارۀ کاشت سویا تحت مدیریت های مختلف میزان بقایا و روش های خاک ورزی روی بقایای گندم است که به صورت کرت های نواری در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال های 1389 و 1390 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان اجرا شد. تیمارهای اصلی در سه سطح مدیریت بقایا، شامل 1R: سوزاندن، R2: حفظ 50 درصد بقایا و تیمار R3: حفظ 100 درصد بقایا و تیمارهای فرعی نیز در سه سطح روش های خاک ورزی، شامل T1: خاک ورزی مرسوم (شخم + دیسک + کشت با ردیف‌کار)، T2: کم خاک ورزی (خاکورزی حداقل با دستگاه خاک ورز مرکب+ کشت با ردیف‌کار) و T3: بی خاکورزی (کشت با کارندۀ بیخاک‌ورز) است. نتایج بررسیها نشان میدهد تیمار اصلی R2 و تیمار فرعی T3 بهترین بازده را از نظر تولید داشته اند و عملکرد محصول 47/7 و 17/4 درصد به ترتیب نسبت به R1 و T1 افزایش داشته است. بیشترین و کمترین میزان حجم آب مصرفی به مقدار 3950 و 2690 مترمکعب در هکتار به ترتیب متعلق به تیمار R1 و R3 و حداکثر و حداقل بهره‌وری آب سویا به ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای R2 وR1 به میزان 1/13 و 0/55 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بوده است. کاشت در شرایط بی‌خاک‌ورزی موجب بهبود بهره‌وری آب سویا نسبت به روش مرسوم به مقدار 15/3 درصد شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آبیاری بارانی؛ بی‌خاک‌ورزیغ کشاورزی حفاظتی؛ گرگان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigation of Crop Water Productivity and Yield in Different Systems of Tillage and Crop Residues | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi1؛ Hamidreza Sadeghnezhad2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Research associate, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Currently, the area of agricultural land under conservation practices in the world exceeds 180 million hectares, one of the main advantages of which is improvement in crop water productivity (CWP). An investigation in soybean cultivation in a farm with different level of management of residues was carried out in a randomized complete block design with split plot design in 2010 and 2011 at Gorgan Agriculture Research Station. Main treatment was residue management at three levels: R1: burning of residue , R2: retaining 50% of residues, and R3: maintaining 100% of residues; the secondry treatment was tillage practises at three levels: T1: conventional tillage (plowing + disk + row crop planter), T2: minimum tillage (stubble cultivator + row crop planter) and T3: no tillage (sowing with no till planter). The best results obtained from R2 and T3: 42.7% and 17.4% increase in yield respectively, comparing R1 and T1. The highest and lowest of water consumption level were found 3950 m3 ha-1 and 2690 m3 ha-1 in R1 and R3 respectively. The maximum and minimum CWP were found in R2 and R1 treatments with 1.13 kg m-3and 0.55 kg m-3 respectively. Sowing with no tillage system in irrigated conditions improved CWP by 15.3% compared to the conventional method. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conservation Agriculture, Gorgan, Sprinkler Irrigation, No Tillage | ||
| مراجع | ||
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