| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,262 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,058 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 55,187,649 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 94,186,160 |
اثر چهار گونه گیاه پوششی بر کنترل و تغییرات جمعیت علف‌های‌هرز در منطقه کرج | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 1، شهریور 1397، صفحه 11-22 اصل مقاله (899.21 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2018.1401.02 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا مجیدی1؛ بهرام میر شکاری* 2؛ بتول صمدانی3؛ حسن حاج نجاری4؛ فرهاد فرحوش2 | ||
| 1محمد رضا مجیدی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور،سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی،تهران،ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهشکده میوه‌های سردسیری،موسسه تحقیقات باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش در سال زراعی 1395-1394 درکرج، به منظور بررسی تأثیر گیاهان پوششی در کنترل علف‌های‌هرز و استفاده از علف‌کش برای استقرار گیاهان پوششی به‌صورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی، گیاهان پوششی شامل علفبره (Festuca ovina)، لرزانکقرمز (Festuca rubra)، علفگندمیبیابانی (Agropyron desertorum)، علف پشمکی (Bromus tomentellus) و شاهد (بدون گیاه پوششی و آلوده به علف هرز) و عامل فرعی، علف‌کش برمایسیدام‌آ (EC 40) در چهار سطح صفر، 300، 450 و 600 گرم در هکتار بود. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، گیاهان پوششی علف پشمکی و علفبره به ترتیب با 8 و 5 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع، بیشترین وزن خشک را دارا بودند. همین گیاهان، بیشترین تاثیر کاهشی را بر تراکم علف‌های‌هرز (به ترتیب برابر 86% و 67%) و وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز (به ترتیب برابر 81% و 71%) داشتند. اثر متقابل گیاه پوششی و علف‌کش روی وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز معنیدار گردید. علف‌های‌هرز غالب در آزمایش شامل قدومه (Alyssum desertorum)، هفت‌بند (Polygonum aviculare) و خاکشیر ایرانی (Descurainia sophia) بودند که میانگین کاهش وزن خشک آنها در اثر اعمال تیمار نسبت به شاهد، به ترتیب 71%، 89% و 83% بود. بیشترین مقدار کاهش در وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز غالب درگیاه پوششی علفپشمکی یادداشت شد. بیشترین کاهش تنوع علف‌های‌هرز بر اساس شاخص شانون وینر در بین تیمارهای گیاهان پوششی نسبت به شاهد (H=1.5) در گیاهان پوششی علفپشمکی (6/0) و علفبره (73/0) مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| وزن خشک گیاه پوششی؛ علف‌کش؛ تنوع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Four Cover Crop Species on Weed Control and Population Changes in Karaj Region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohammad reza majidi1؛ bahram mirshekari2؛ batoul samedani3؛ hassan hajinajari4؛ farhad frahvash2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz | ||
| 3Associate Prof. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection,agricultural research education and extension organization, Tehran | ||
| 4- Research Associate Professor. Plant Biology and Crop Productivity. Temperate and Cold Fruits Research Institute (TCFRI). Horticulture Science Res. Institute. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 in Karaj, Iran to investigate the effect of cover crops on weed control and the use of herbicide on establishment of cover crops as a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factors were Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Agropyron desertorum, Bromus tomentellus and control (no cover crops, weedy) and sub factor was Bromoxynil + MCPA (Bromicide M.A EC.40) herbicide in four levels: 0, 300, 450 and 600 gha-1. Based on the findings, B.tomentellus and F. ovina species had the highest cover crop dry mater (8 and 5 kg/ m2 respectively). B. tomentellus and F. ovina species had the highest reduction in weed densities (86% and 67%, respectively) and dry weights (81% and 71%respectively) compared to the control. The interaction between cover crops and herbicide on total dry weight of weeds was significant. The most common weeds of the experiment were Alyssum desertorum, Descurainia Sophia and Polygonum aviculare. The mean dry weight reduction of dominant weeds by cover crops compared to control for D. sophia, A. desertorum and P. aviculare were 83%, 71% and 89%, respectively. The highest dry weight loss of dominant weeds was belonged to B.tomentellus and F. ovina treatments. Based on the Shannon Wiener index, the highest reductions of diversity compared to the control (1.5) were observed for B.tomentellus (0.6) and F. ovina (0.73). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| cover crop, Dry weight, herbicide, diversity | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadvand, G. and hajinia,S., 2015. The effect of cover crop and different tillage systems on soil physical properties and yield of potatoJournal of Crop Production, 8 (4), 163-182. Armaki, M.A., Hashemi, M. and Azarniv, H., 2013. Physiological and morphological responses of three Bromus species to drought stress at seedling stage and grown under germinator and greenhouse conditions. African Journal of Plant Science, 7(5), pp.155-161. Auškalnienė, O. Pšibišauskienė, G., Auškalnis, A. and Kadžys, A., 2010. Cultivar and plant density influence on weediness in spring barley crops. Zemdirb. Agric, 97, pp.53-60. Bangarwa, S.K., Norsworthy, J.K. and Gbur, E.E., 2009. Cover crop and herbicide combinations for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper. HortTechnology, 19(2), pp.405-410. Björkman, T., Lowry, C., Shail, J.W., Brainard, D.C., Anderson, D.S. and Masiunas, J.B., 2015. Mustard cover crops for biomass production and weed suppression in the Great Lakes region. Agronomy Journal, 107(4), pp.1235-1249. Bodner, G., Loiskandl, W. and Kaul, H.P., 2007. Cover crop evapotranspiration under semi-arid conditions using FAO dual crop coefficient method with water stress compensation. Agricultural water management, 93(3), pp.85-98. Bor, N.L., 1970. Gramineae-Triticeae. Flora Iranica 70, pp.147-244. Crawley, M.J. 1997. The Structure of Plant Communities, p. 475-531, In M. J. Crawley, ed. Plant Ecology. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford Davison, J. and Newton, J., 2012. Non-chemical Weed Control for Small Acreage Farmers in Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Ekeleme, F., Akobundu, I. O., Fadayomi, R. O., Chikoye, D., &Abayomi, Y. A. (2003).Characterization of Legume Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in the Moist Savanna of Nigeria 1.Weed Technology, 17(1), 1-13. Gamito, S. (2010). Caution is needed when applying Margalef diversity index. Ecological Indicators, 10(2), 550-551. Gerhards, R. and Christensen, S., 2003. Real‐time weed detection, decision making and patch spraying in maize, sugarbeet, winter wheat and winter barley. Weed research, 43(6), pp.385-392. Grime, J.P. and Curtis, A.V., 1976. The interaction of drought and mineral nutrient stress in calcareous grassland. The Journal of Ecology, pp.975-988. Hartwig, N.L. and Ammon, H.U., 2002. Cover crops and living mulches. Weed science, 50(6), pp.688-699. Hartzler, B. 1999. Spatial weed distribution: can it be used to improve weed management. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Integrated Crop Management Conference, Dec. 1-2, Iowa State University,Ames, IA Harwood, R.R., Jeranyama, P., Hesterman, O.B. and Waddington, S.R., 2000. Relay-intercropping of sunnhemp and cowpea into a smallholder maize system in Zimbabwe. Agronomy Journal, 92(2), pp.239-244. Heap, I. 2014. Herbicide resistant weeds. In Integrated Pest Management (pp. 281-301). Springer Netherlands. Hein, T. 2014. Herbicide impacts on establishing cover crops. Available from https:// www.top crop manager.com/ tillage / herbicide - impacts -on- establishing - cover-crops -16150 Hock, S. M., Knezevic, S. Z., Martin, A. R., & Lindquist, J. L.in calcareous grassland. The Journal of Ecology, 975-98. Korte, N. and Porembski, S., 2010. Suitability of different cover crop mixtures and seedlings for a new tree row management in an organic orchard. GesundePflanzen, 62(2), pp.45-52. Kremer, R.J. and Li, J., 2003. Developing weed-suppressive soils through improved soil quality management. Soil and Tillage Research, 72(2), pp.193-202. Linares, J., Scholberg, J.M.S., Chase, C. and McSorley, R., 2008, June. Evaluation of annual warm-season cover crops for weed management in organic citrus. In Organic Fruit Conference 873 (pp. 235-242). Lipińska, H., Sykut, M. and Harkot, W., 2013. The effect of water extracts from leaves of Festuca rubra, F. ovina and F. Arundinacea on the initial growth and development of other grass species. Acta Agrobotanica, 66(2), p.61. Ludwig, J. A., & Reynolds, J. F. 1988. Statistical ecology: a primer in methods and computing (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. Mahdavidamghani,A.M. 2005. Study of Ecological Sustainability of Some Agricultural Systems in Khorasan Province Using System Approaches. Ph.D. in Agriculture. Mashhad Ferdowsi University(in persia). May, R. M. 1975. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. In: Cody, M.L. and Diamond, J. M. Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp: 81-121. Mirsky, S.B., Curran, W.S., Mortenseny, D.M., Ryany, M.R. and Shumway, D.L., 2011. Timing of cover-crop management effects on weed suppression in no-till planted soybean using a roller-crimper. Weed Science, 59(3), pp.380-389. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A., AghaAlikhani, M., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., Zand, E., Gonzalez-Andujar, J.L. and Azari, A., 2013. Agronomic performance, seed quality and nitrogen uptake of Descurainiasophia in response to different nitrogen rates and water regimes. Industrial crops and products, 44, pp.583-592. Morvillo, C.M., de la Fuente, E.B., Gil, A., Martinez-Ghersa, M.A. and González-Andújar, J.L., 2011. Competitive and allelopathic interference between soybean crop and annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) under field conditions. European journal of agronomy, 34(4), pp.211-221. Olge, D.G. 2002. Crested WeatgrassAgropyroncristatum. Plant Fact Sheet. USDA NRCS. Idaho State Office .Availableonline: https ://plants .usda. gov/ factsheet/pdf/fs_agcr.pdf Olson, K., Ebelhar, S.A. and Lang, J.M., 2014. Long-term effects of cover crops on crop yields, soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4(08), p.284. Otto, S., Masin, R., Casari, G. and Zanin, G., 2009. Weed–corn competition parameters in late-winter sowing in northern Italy. Weed science, 57(2), pp.194-201. Padarlo, A., Bazoobandi, M., Alimoradi, L. and Jahedi poor, S. 2008. Calculation of Shanon-Weiner and Simpson index in weeds community of saffron fields. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January. (in Persian). Peeters, A. 2015. FestucaovinaL.Available from: http: www .fao .org /ag/ agp /agpc/doc/gallery/pictures/festovi/festovi.htm Penold, M.C. and Collins, C., 2012. Cover crops and weed suppression. Pessarakli, M. ed., 2007. Handbook of turfgrass management and physiology. CRC press. Poggio, S.L., 2005. Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 109(1), pp.48-58. Reddy, K.N., 2003. Impact of Rye Cover Crop and Herbicides on Weeds, Yield, and Net Return in Narrow-Row Transgenic and Conventional Soybean (Glycine max) 1. Weed Technology, 17(1), pp.28-35. Rice, P.J., McConnell, L.L., Heighton, L.P., Sadeghi, A.M., Isensee, A.R., Teasdale, J.R., Abdul-Baki, A.A., Harman-Fetcho, J.A. and Hapeman, C.J., 2001. Runoff loss of pesticides and soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 30(5), pp.1808-1821. Rueda Ayala, V.P., 2012. Development of an automated sensor based system for weed harrowing in cereals. Schonbeck.M.2005.Cover Cropping:On-farm, Solar-powered Soil Building. Virginia Association for Biological Farming Information Sheet .Availableonline:http://www.vabf.org/pubs.php Shili-Touzi, I., De Tourdonnet, S., Launay, M. and Doré, T., 2010. Does intercropping winter wheat (Triticumaestivum) with red fescue (Festucarubra) as a cover crop improve agronomic and environmental performance? A modeling approach. Field crops research, 116(3), pp.218-229. Sikoriya, S., 2014. Phenological Study and Management of Red Fescue (Festucarubra) in Wild Blueberry. Smith, R.G. and Gross, K.L., 2007. Assembly of weed communities along a crop diversity gradient. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44(5), pp.1046-1056. Sultan, S.E. 2001 . Phenotypic plasticity for fitness components in Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Ecology, 82(2), 328-343. Teasdale, J. R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Production Agriculture, 9(4), 475-479. Teasdale, J. R., &Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agronomy Journal, 85(3), 673-680. Teasdale, J. R., Brandsaeter, L. O., Calegari, A., &Neto, F. S. 2007. 4 Cover Crops and Weed Management.Non-chemical weed management, 49. Teasdale, J. R., Pillai, P., & Collins, R. T. 2005. Synergism between cover crop residue and herbicide activity on emergence and early growth of weeds. Weed science, 53(4), 521-527. Teasdale, J.R. and Abdul-Baki, A.A., 1998. Comparison of mixtures vs. monocultures of cover crops for fresh-market tomato production with and without herbicide. HortScience, 33(7), pp.1163-1166. Teasdale, J.R. and Mohler, C.L., 2000. The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Science, 48(3), pp.385-392. Uchino, H. Iwama. K. Jitsuyama, Y. Yudate, T. Ichiyama, K. 2007. What is a stable characteristic of cover crops in weed control ability.Book of Abstracts EUCARPIA Symposium. WICC Wageningen, The Netherlands Verlagsanstalt, Graz Upadhyaya M.K., Blackshaw R.E. 2007. Non-chemical weed management: Principles , Concepts and Technology. CAB. 240pp Vahdati, N., Tehranifar, A. and Kazemi, F., 2017. Assessing chilling and drought tolerance of different plant genera on extensive green roofs in an arid climate region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Management, 192, pp.215-223. Wiggins, M.S., McClure, M.A., Hayes, R.M. and Steckel, L.E., 2015. Integrating cover crops and post herbicides for glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control in corn. Weed Technology, 29(3), pp.412-418 Wyngaarden, S.L., Gaudin, A., Deen, W. and Martin, R.C., 2015. Expanding Red Clover (Trifoliumpratense) Usage in the Corn–Soy–Wheat Rotation. Sustainability, 7(11), pp.15487-15509. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,173 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 962 |
||