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اثر چهار گونه گیاه پوششی بر کنترل و تغییرات جمعیت علفهایهرز در منطقه کرج | ||
| دانش علفهای هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 1، شهریور 1397، صفحه 11-22 اصل مقاله (899.21 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijws.2018.1401.02 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد رضا مجیدی1؛ بهرام میر شکاری* 2؛ بتول صمدانی3؛ حسن حاج نجاری4؛ فرهاد فرحوش2 | ||
| 1محمد رضا مجیدی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور،سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی،تهران،ایران | ||
| 4دانشیار پژوهشکده میوههای سردسیری،موسسه تحقیقات باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش در سال زراعی 1395-1394 درکرج، به منظور بررسی تأثیر گیاهان پوششی در کنترل علفهایهرز و استفاده از علفکش برای استقرار گیاهان پوششی بهصورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی، گیاهان پوششی شامل علفبره (Festuca ovina)، لرزانکقرمز (Festuca rubra)، علفگندمیبیابانی (Agropyron desertorum)، علف پشمکی (Bromus tomentellus) و شاهد (بدون گیاه پوششی و آلوده به علف هرز) و عامل فرعی، علفکش برمایسیدامآ (EC 40) در چهار سطح صفر، 300، 450 و 600 گرم در هکتار بود. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، گیاهان پوششی علف پشمکی و علفبره به ترتیب با 8 و 5 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع، بیشترین وزن خشک را دارا بودند. همین گیاهان، بیشترین تاثیر کاهشی را بر تراکم علفهایهرز (به ترتیب برابر 86% و 67%) و وزن خشک علفهایهرز (به ترتیب برابر 81% و 71%) داشتند. اثر متقابل گیاه پوششی و علفکش روی وزن خشک علفهایهرز معنیدار گردید. علفهایهرز غالب در آزمایش شامل قدومه (Alyssum desertorum)، هفتبند (Polygonum aviculare) و خاکشیر ایرانی (Descurainia sophia) بودند که میانگین کاهش وزن خشک آنها در اثر اعمال تیمار نسبت به شاهد، به ترتیب 71%، 89% و 83% بود. بیشترین مقدار کاهش در وزن خشک علفهایهرز غالب درگیاه پوششی علفپشمکی یادداشت شد. بیشترین کاهش تنوع علفهایهرز بر اساس شاخص شانون وینر در بین تیمارهای گیاهان پوششی نسبت به شاهد (H=1.5) در گیاهان پوششی علفپشمکی (6/0) و علفبره (73/0) مشاهده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| وزن خشک گیاه پوششی؛ علفکش؛ تنوع | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Four Cover Crop Species on Weed Control and Population Changes in Karaj Region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mohammad reza majidi1؛ bahram mirshekari2؛ batoul samedani3؛ hassan hajinajari4؛ farhad frahvash2 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz | ||
| 3Associate Prof. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection,agricultural research education and extension organization, Tehran | ||
| 4- Research Associate Professor. Plant Biology and Crop Productivity. Temperate and Cold Fruits Research Institute (TCFRI). Horticulture Science Res. Institute. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 in Karaj, Iran to investigate the effect of cover crops on weed control and the use of herbicide on establishment of cover crops as a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factors were Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Agropyron desertorum, Bromus tomentellus and control (no cover crops, weedy) and sub factor was Bromoxynil + MCPA (Bromicide M.A EC.40) herbicide in four levels: 0, 300, 450 and 600 gha-1. Based on the findings, B.tomentellus and F. ovina species had the highest cover crop dry mater (8 and 5 kg/ m2 respectively). B. tomentellus and F. ovina species had the highest reduction in weed densities (86% and 67%, respectively) and dry weights (81% and 71%respectively) compared to the control. The interaction between cover crops and herbicide on total dry weight of weeds was significant. The most common weeds of the experiment were Alyssum desertorum, Descurainia Sophia and Polygonum aviculare. The mean dry weight reduction of dominant weeds by cover crops compared to control for D. sophia, A. desertorum and P. aviculare were 83%, 71% and 89%, respectively. The highest dry weight loss of dominant weeds was belonged to B.tomentellus and F. ovina treatments. Based on the Shannon Wiener index, the highest reductions of diversity compared to the control (1.5) were observed for B.tomentellus (0.6) and F. ovina (0.73). | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| cover crop, Dry weight, herbicide, diversity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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