| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,576 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,214,936 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,565,284 |
اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه، عملکرد اسانس و قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال‌های آزاد اکسیژن در اکوتیپ‌های سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 89، مرداد و شهریور 1397، صفحه 510-526 اصل مقاله (272.65 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2018.116805.2224 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| روزبه فرهودی* ؛ عادل مدحج | ||
| دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس، ویژگی آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس و میزان تجمع اسمولیت‌های سازگار در برگ دو اکوتیپ سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)، این تحقیق در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. چهار سطح آبیاری براساس 90، 80، 70 و 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه در کرت اصلی و اکوتیپ‌های کاشمر و شهرضا به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی ملایم، متوسط و شدید به‌ترتیب عملکرد دانه سیاهدانه توده کاشمر را 2.4، 20.2 و 40.1 درصد و عملکرد دانه توده شهرضا را 6.2، 38.1 و 63 درصد در مقایسه با شرایط نرمال کاهش داد. کاهش عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش شدید به‌دلیل کاهش معنی‌دار تعداد کپسول و دانه در کپسول بود. عملکرد اسانس توده‌‌های کاشمر و شهرضا در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب 18% و 54% کاهش یافت. البته توده کاشمر دارای میزان کربوهیدرات و پرولین بیشتری در شرایط تنش نسبت به توده شهرضا بود. این ویژگی باعث شد که توده کاشمر از محتوی نسبی آب بیشتر و شیب تغییرات عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس کمتری نسبت به توده شهرضا برخوردار باشد. در شرایط شاهد و تنش خشکی شدید به‌ترتیب 85% و 93% اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس توده کاشمر و 82% و 93% اجزای اسانس توده شهرضا شناسایی شد. تنش خشکی موجب افزایش درصد اسانس در هر دو توده شد و اسانس توده کاشمر خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بیشتری داشت. به‌طور کلی در شرایط تنش ملایم به‌دلیل افزایش درصد اسانس و عدم کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، بیشترین عملکرد اسانس هر دو توده بدست آمد. از این‌رو به نظر می‌رسد اعمال تنش ملایم کنترل شده باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی سیاهدانه بدون اثر بر عملکرد کمّی آن می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ پارا-سیمن؛ درصد اسانس؛ محتوی نسبی آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of drought stress on seed yield, essential oil yield and ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging in Nigella sativa L. ecotypes | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| R. Farhoudi؛ Adel Modhej | ||
| Department of Agronomty, Shoshtar Branch, Islamic Azad Uniiversity, Shoushtar, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on grain and essential oil yield, antioxidant properties of essential oil, and accumulation of conformal osmolites in the leaves of two Nigella sativa L., this research was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch during 2016-2017. The experiment was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plot included four levels of irrigation including optimal irrigation, mild, moderate and severe stress (based on irrigation under 90, 80, 70 and 60% soil field capacity, respectively), and ecotypes of Kashmar and Shahreza were considered as subplots. Results indicated that the grain yield of Kashmar ecotype was reduced 2.4%, 20.2% and 40.1% under mild, moderate and sever stress compared to optimum conditions, respectively. The grain yield of Shahreza ecotype was reduced 6.2%, 38.1% and 63%, respectively. Reduction of grain yield under severe stress conditions was due to a significant decrease in the number of capsules and seeds per capsule. Essential oil yield of Kashmar and Shahreza ecotypes decreased by 18% and 54% in severe drought stress conditions, respectively. Kashmar ecotype had higher levels of carbohydrate and proline than those of Shahraza under stress conditions. This property caused the Kashmar ecotype to have more relative water content and lower slope change of grain yield and essential oil yield as compared with Shahreza. In normal conditions and severe drought stress, 85% and 93% of essential oil components of Kashmar and 82% and 93% essential oil components of Shahreza ecotype were identified, respectively. Drought stress increased the percentage of essential oil in both ecotypes and the essential oil of Kashmar contained more antioxidant. In general, under mild stress conditions, the highest essential oil yield was obtained due to an increase in essential oil content and no significant reduction in grain yield. Thus, it seems that the application of mild controlled stress improves the quality of Nigella sativa without affecting its quantitative performance. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Antioxidant, ρ-cymene, essential oil content, relative water content | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Lebaschi, M.H., Naderi hajibagher Kandy, M. and Moghadami, F., 2008. The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(4): 504-513. - Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Tear, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207. - Benkaci-Ali, F., Asma, R., Boukenouche, R. and De Pauw, E., 2013. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Nigella sativa seeds extracted by microwave steam distillation. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(6): 781-794. - Bersuder, P., Hole, M. and Smith, G., 1998. Antioxidants from a heated histidineglucose model system I: investigation of the antioxidant role of histidine and isolation of antioxidants by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 75: 181-187. - Dubois, M.K.A., Gilles, J.K., Hamilton, P.A. and Smith, F., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Snalytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356. - Fani, B., 2008. The Relationship between Water and Soil, and Crops of Buckwheat. University of Mashhad, 18p. - Faravani, M., Razavi, S.A. and Farsi, M., 2006. Study of variation in some agronomic and anatomic characters of Nigella sativa landraces in Khorasan. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(3): 193-197. - Farhoudi, R. and Makizadeh Tafti, M., 2013. Evalution of drought stress effect on growth, yield, essential oil and chamazulene percentage of three chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) cultivars in Khuzestan condition. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(4): 735-741. - Farhoudi, R., Lee, D.J. and Hussain, M., 2013. Mild drought improves growth and flower oil productivity of german chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants, 17: 26-31. - Haidari Sharif Abad, H., 1999. Plant, Drought. Publications of the Institute of Forestry and Rangeland Research, Tehran, 200p. - Heidari, M. and Jahantighi, H., 2014. Evaluate effect of water stress and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on seed quality of black cumin (Nigella Sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 11(4): 640-647. - Kakulvand, R., Fallah, S. and Abassi Sourki, A., 2016. Effects of species competition on photosynthetic pigments, prolin relative water content, and essence fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions in intercropping system. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 6(19): 255-270. - Khooshbin, S., 2007. One Hundred Miraculous Plant. Donyaye nu Publication, 424p. - Modhej, A. and Fathi, G., 2006. Wheat Physiology. Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Publisher, 317p. - Mohamadi Dahcheshmeh, N., Ghasemi Pirbaloti, A., Aghabarari, B. and Hamedi, B., 2015. Essential oils, antibacterial properties and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Nigella sativa L. in different habitats of Iran. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 12(4): 58-68. - Movahhedy Dehnavy, M., Modarres Sanavy., S.A.M., Sorushzadeh, A. and Jalali, M., 2002. Changes in proline, total soluble sugars, SPAD and chlorophyll fluorescence in winter safflower cultivars under drought stress and foliar application of zinc and manganese. Desert, 9(1): 95-109. - Mozzafari, F., Ghorbanli, S., Babai, M. and Farzami, A., 2000. The effect of water stress on the seed oil of Nigella sativa L. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 12: 36-38. - Noorooz poor, G. and Rezvani Moghadam, P., 2009. Effect of different irrigation intervals and plant density on yield and yield components of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 3(2): 305-315. - Oroojalian, F., Kasra-Kermanshahi, R., Azizi, M. and Bassami, M.R., 2010. Phytochemical composition of the essential oils from three Apiaceae species and their antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 120(3): 765-770. - Petropoulos, S.A., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M. and Passam, H.C., 2008. The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Horticulture Science, 115(4): 393-397. - Rezaei Chiyaneh, E. and Pirzad, A., 2014. Effect of salicylic acid on yield, component yield and essential oil of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(3): 427-437. - Rezapor, A.R., Heidari, M., Galavi, M. and Ramrodi, M., 2011. Effect of water stress and different amounts of sulfur fertilizer on grain yield, grain yield components and osmotic adjustment in Nigella sativa L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(3): 384-396. - Shirazi, M.U., Ashraf, M.Y., Khan, M.A. and Nagvi, M.H., 2005. Potassium induced salinity tolerance in wheat. International Journal of Environment Science Technology, 2(3): 233-236. - Zarei, A., Zohrabi, S. and Boomeh, F., 2017. Evaluation of different growth stages of Nigella sativa L. and assessment of crop coefficient (Kc). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 33(4): 597-607. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 670 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 725 |
||