اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات282
تعداد نشریات سازمان80
تعداد شماره‌ها3,188
تعداد مقالات35,336
تعداد مشاهده مقاله51,459,992
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله91,332,307
انصاری, محمدحسین, اسدی رحمانی, هادی. (1396). اثر مصرف آزوسپریلوم، ازتوباکتر و کمپوست همراه با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر در لوبیای معمولی. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(3), 14-35. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.116180.1213
محمدحسین انصاری; هادی اسدی رحمانی. "اثر مصرف آزوسپریلوم، ازتوباکتر و کمپوست همراه با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر در لوبیای معمولی". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30, 3, 1396, 14-35. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.116180.1213
انصاری, محمدحسین, اسدی رحمانی, هادی. (1396). 'اثر مصرف آزوسپریلوم، ازتوباکتر و کمپوست همراه با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر در لوبیای معمولی', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 30(3), pp. 14-35. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.116180.1213
انصاری, محمدحسین, اسدی رحمانی, هادی. اثر مصرف آزوسپریلوم، ازتوباکتر و کمپوست همراه با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر در لوبیای معمولی. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1396; 30(3): 14-35. doi: 10.22092/aj.2018.116180.1213

اثر مصرف آزوسپریلوم، ازتوباکتر و کمپوست همراه با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و جذب عناصر در لوبیای معمولی

پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی
مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 116، مهر 1396، صفحه 14-35
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2018.116180.1213
نویسندگان
محمدحسین انصاری* 1؛ هادی اسدی رحمانی2
1هیات علمی، گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
چکیده
به منظور ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن و کمپوست قارچ بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و جذب نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم لوبیا تحت تلقیح با باکتری‌های آزوسپریلوم و ازتوباکتر، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه رشت اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن (0، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار) و تیمارهای غیر شیمیایی (باکتری آزوسپریلوم، باکتری ازتوباکتر، کمپوست قارچ (2 تن در هکتار)، کمپوست قارچ + آزوسپریلوم، کمپوست قارچ + ازتوباکتر و شاهد) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که در هر سه سطح کود نیتروژن تیمارهای غیر شیمیایی مقدار کلروفیل برگ، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به طور معنی‌دار نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. همچنین تیمارهای غیرشیمیایی در سطح صفر، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن، عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب 19 تا 63، 10 تا 74 و 5 تا 65 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند و بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3067 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار آزوسپریلوم + کمپوست قارچ در سطح 75 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن به‌دست آمد. در اغلب تیمارهای غیرشیمیایی، با افزایش مصرف کود نیتروژن، غلظت نیتروژن و فسفر اندام هوایی و دانه و غلظت پتاسیم دانه کاهش یافت، ضمن آن‌که تیمار آزوسپریلوم + کمپوست قارچ نسبت به سایر تیمارها برتری معنی‌دار داشت. بنابراین برای افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت دانه لوبیا کاربرد کمپوست قارچ و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره تحت تلقیح با باکتری آزوسپریلوم در منطقه رشت توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
"باکتری محرک رشد گیاه"؛ "پتاسیم"؛ "پروتئین"؛ "فسفر"؛ "کلروفیل"؛ "کود آلی"
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and compost along with chemical fertilizer on seed yield and nutrient uptake of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
نویسندگان [English]
Mohammmad Hossein Ansari1؛ Hadi Asadi Rahmani2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Introduction
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop both in temperate and tropical climates and is an excellent source of protein. It is well established that depletion in nitrogen availability strongly affects rhizobial populations in the rhizosphere of legumes (Padilla et al., 2015). Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient for plant growth and development and affects the seed yield more than other nutrients. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer increases nitrogen loss through leaching (water contamination) and sublimation (air pollution) (Zaidi et al., 2017). Biological fertilizers, which are a mixture of microorganisms, can be partial substitutes for chemical fertilizers. The ability of several bacterial species such as Azospirillum and Azotobacter in providing a large portion of the plant’s demanded nitrogen through biological fixation has been proven. Also, mushroom compost, which is one of the side–products of the edible fungus industry, can play an important role in increasing plant nitrogen uptake as a quality modifier. The present study is based on the assumption that the application of mushroom compost and biofertilizers can improve, in addition to seed yield, the seed quality of bean as compared to chemical nitrogen.
Material and Methods
A field experiment was conducted in Rasht, North of Iran, as factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during the grown season 2015. The experimental factors consisted of chemical nitrogen (0, 75 and 150 kg urea ha–1) and biological treatments (Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum, mushroom compost (2 t ha–1), mushroom compost + Azospirillum, mushroom compost + Azotobacter and a control). A local cultivar of bean "Pach Baghala” which was obtained from Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center was used in this experiment. The measured traits included chlorophyll content, the concentration of N and phosphorus (P) (root, shoot and seed) and potassium (K) of seed, yield components and seed yield. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SAS 9.2 software.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that inoculation of the bean plant with the biological agents under all levels of chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and biological yield as compared to the control. Also, the application of biological treatments in the presence of 0, 75 and 150 kg of nitrogen raised bean seed yield by 19 – 63%, 10 – 74% and 5 – 65%, respectively, and the highest seed yield (3067 kg ha–1) was obtained from Azospirillum + mushroom compost treatment at 75 kg nitrogen ha–1. Almost all the biological treatments used in this study led to decreased N and P concentrations of seed and shoot and K concentration of seed with increasing nitrogen fertilizer and the highest shoot N (3.82%), seed protein (30.93%), seed P (1.880%), seed K (1.96%) and protein yield (950 kg ha–1) were observed with Azospirillum + mushroom compost treatment. We found that when the bacteria, especially Azotobacter, were applied individually, they did not have a pronounced effect on the most of the traits of bean, but when used simultaneously with mushroom compost, they significantly augmented the plant nutrient uptake and seed yield. The Azospirillum, both individually and in combination with compost resulted in more bean N and P uptake, biological and seed yield than Azotobacter. Under the inoculation of biological agents, bean plant, when supplied with 150 kg nitrogen ha-1, produced yield which was less than or equal to 75 kg nitrogen ha-1. Therefore, the use of mushroom compost in combination with biofertilizers can reduce the requirement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by up to 50%. The use of growth promoting bacteria can induce greater allocation of dry matter to different plant organs, which may result in increased vegetative development, making it possible for plant to capture more light and consequently increase its photosynthetic rate, ultimately leading to enhanced grain yield (Chauhan and Bagyaraj, 2015)
Conclusion
According to our results, application of Azospirillum + mushroom compost (2 t ha-1) under 75 kg nitrogen ha-1 can be considered as one of the suitable treatments for obtaining the highest seed yield and quality in common bean in Rasht region.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
"Chlorophyll", "Organic fertilizer", "PGPR", "Phosphorus", "Potassium", "Protein"
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
مراجع

Abdelhamid, M. T., Horiuchi, T., and Oba, S. 2004. Composting of rice straw with oilseed rape cake and poultry manure and its effects on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) growth and soil properties. Bioresource technology, 93(2): 183–189.
Abtahi, S.M., Seyed Sharifi, R., and Qaderi, F. 2014. nfluence of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Seed Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Yield, Fertilizer Use Efficiency, Rate and Effective Seed Filling Period of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Second Cropping. Agricultural Science and Sustainable production, 24 (3), 112–129. (In Persian).
Achakzai, A.K.K., and Bangulzai, M.I. 2006. Effect of various of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 32:2. 331– 340.
Adams, J.D.W., and Frostick, L.E. 2008. Investigating microbial activities in compost using mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation as an experimental system. Bioresource Technology, 99: 1097–1102.
Arnon, D.T. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast phenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24: 1–15.
Barron, J.E., Pasini, R.J., Davis, D.W., Stuthman, D.D., and Graham, P.H. 2000. Response to selection for seed yield and nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crop Research, 62: 119–128.
Benizri, E., Baudoin, E., and Guckert, A. 2001. Root colonization by inoculated plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria. Biocon ScL Technology, 11: 557–574.
Bertrand, I., Ehrhardt, F., Alavoine, G., Joulian, C., Issa, O.M., and Valentin, C. 2014. Regulation of carbon and nitrogen exchange rates in biological soil crusts by intrinsic and land use factors in the Sahel area. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 72: 133–144.
Bonnet, S., Berthelot, H., Turk–Kubo, K., Fawcett, S., Rahav, E., L’Helguen, S., and Berman–Frank, I. 2016. Dynamics of N2 fixation and fate of diazotroph–derived nitrogen in a low–nutrient, low–chlorophyll ecosystem: results from the Vahine mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia). Biogeosciences, 13(9): 2653–2673.
Chauhan, H., and Bagyaraj, D. J. 2015. Inoculation with selected microbial consortia not only enhances growth and yield of French bean but also reduces fertilizer application under field condition. Scientia Horticulturae, 197: 441–446.
Das, I., Pradhan, A.K., and Singh, A.P. 2014. Yield and yield attributing parameters of organically cultivated mungbean as influenced by PGPR and organic manures. Journal of Crop and Weed, 10(1): 172–174.
Dashti, N., Zhang, F., Rynes, H., and Smith, D.L.1998. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria accelerate nodulation and increase nitrogen fixation activity by field grown soybean (Glycine max L.) under short season conditions. Plant and Soil, 200: 205–213.
De Salamone, I.E., Hynes, R.K., and Nelson, L.M. 2001. Cytokinin prpduction by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and selected mutants. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47: 404–411.
Fernández, L.F., Reyes–Varela, V., Martínez–Suárez, C., Salomón–Hernández, G., Yáñez–Meneses, J., Ceballos–Ramírez, J. M., and Dendooven, L. 2010. Effect of different nitrogen sources on plant characteristics and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bioresource Technology, 101(1): 396–403.
Fidanza, M.A., Sanford, D.L., Beyer, D.M., and Aurentz, D.J. 2010. Analysis of fresh mushroom compost. Horticutural Technology, 20(2): 449–453.
Frutos, I., Garate, A., and Eymar, E. 2010. Applicability of spent mushroom compost (SMC) as organic amendment for remediation of polluted soils. Acta Horticulturae, 852: 261–268.
Glick, B. R. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiological Research, 169(1): 30–39.
Hervas, A.B., Canosa, I., and Santero, E. 2008. Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas putida in response to nitrogen availability. Journal of Bacteriology, 190:416–420.
Hopkins, W.G. 2004. Introduction to plant physiology. John Wiely and Sons. New York, 557p.
Joshi, D., Hooda, K.S., Bhatt, J.C., Mina, B.L., and Gupta, H.S. 2009. Suppressive effects of composts on soil–borne and foliar diseases of French bean in the field in the western Indian Himalayas. Crop Protection, 28(7): 608–615.
Khan, M.S., Zaidi, E.A. and Oves, M. 2013. Effects of Azotobacter inoculants on the yield and phosphate uptake by wheat under different nitrogen resource. Field Crop reaserch, 28(3): 259–261.
Khattak, A.M., Ahmad, I., Amin, N., and Wahid, A. 2011. Effects of different amended organic media on the growth and development of Vinca rosea ‘victory. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 27(2): 203–209.
Khurana, A.L., and Dudeja, S.S. 1997. Biological nitrogen fixation technology for pulses production in India. Indian. Inst. Pulses Reserch. Kanpur. Pp1–18.
Kumar, V., Singh, P., Jorquera, M.A., Sangwan, P., Kumar, P., Verma, A.K., and Sanjeev, A. 2015. Isolation of phytase–producing bacteria from Himalayan soils and their effect on growth and phosphorus uptake of Indian mustard and Egyptian clover. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29:1361–1369.
Lavakush, Y.J., Verma, J.P., Jaiswal D.K., and Kumar, A. 2014. Evaluation of PGPR and different concentration of nitrogen level on plant growth, yield and nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa). Ecological Engineering, 62: 123–128.
Linn, J.G. and Martin, N.P. 1999. Forage quality tests and interpretation. The College of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Press, USA.
Mahmoud, E., El–Gizawy, E., and Geries, L. 2015. Effect of compost extract, N2–fixing bacteria and nitrogen levels applications on soil properties and onion crop. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 61(2): 185–201.
Özguven, A.I. 1998. The opportunities of using mushroom compost waste in Strawberry growing. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 22: 601–607.
Padilla, F.M., Peña‐Fleitas, M.T., Gallardo, M., and Thompson, R.B. 2015. Threshold values of canopy reflectance indices and chlorophyll meter readings for optimal nitrogen nutrition of tomato. Annals of Applied Biology, 166(2): 271–285.
Porte, D., Gupta, S.B., Singh, A.K., Chowhury, T., Dash, D., and Soni, R. 2017. Evaluation of non–symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterial influence on rhizobium nodulation behaviour in bacterial consortia. International Journal of Crop Research, 5(4): 1598–1602.
Rendon–Anaya, M., Herrera–Estrella, A., Gepts, P., and Delgado–Salinas, A. 2017. A new species of Phaseolus (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) sister to Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean. Phytotaxa, 313(3): 259–266.
Schwartz, A.I., Ortiz, M., Maymon, C., Herbold, N., and Fujishige, F. 2013. Bacillus simplex– A little known PGPR with anti–fungal activity– Alters pea legume root architecture and nodule morphology when coinoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae. Agronomy, 3: 595–620.
Seyedi, S.M., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2011. Yield, yield components and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mushroom compost, biological fertilizer and urea application. Journal of Agroecology, 3(3): 409–419. (In Persian).
Sharma, S.B., Sayyed, R.Z., Trivedi, M.H., and Gobi, T.A. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus, 2:587.
Sheng, X.F. 2005. Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37(10): 1918–1922.
Singh, G., Biswas, D. R., and Marwaha, T.S. 2010. Mobilization of potassium from waste mica by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its assimilation by maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a hydroponics study under phytotron growth chamber. Journal of plant nutrition, 33(8): 1236–1251.
Song, X., Liu, M., Wu, D., Griffiths, B. S., Jiao, J., Li, H., and Hu, F. (2015). Interaction matters: Synergy between vermicompost and PGPR agents improves soil quality, crop quality and crop yield in the field. Applied Soil Ecology, 89: 25–34.
Soobhany, N., Mohee, R., and Garg, V.K. 2017. A comparative analysis of composts and vermicomposts derived from municipal solid waste for the growth and yield of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(12): 11228–11239.
Supanjani, H.H., Jung, J.S., and Lee, K.D. 2006. Rock phosphate potassium and rock solubilizing bacteria as alternative sustainable fertilizers. Agronomy, Sustainable and Development, 26: 233–240.
Turner, B.L., Frossard, E., and Baldwin, D.S. 2005. Organic Phosphorus in the Environment. CABI Publishing Series. 412.
Wani, S.P., Rupela, O.P., and Lee, K.K. 1995. Sustainable agriculture in the tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in seed legumes. Plant and Soil, 174: 29–49.
Wu, F., Wan, J. H. C., Wu, S., and Wong, M. 2012. Effects of earthworms and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(3): 423–433.
Yadegari, M. 2013. Inoculation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds with Rhizobium phaseoli and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(2): 419–424.
Yahalom, D., Jukervitch, E., Burdman, S., and Okon, Y. 2004. Root growth respiration and beta–glocosidase activity in barley and common bean inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense.Symbiosis, 26: 367 – 377.
Zaidi, A., Khan, M.S., Saif, S., Rizvi, A., Ahmed, B., and Shahid, M. 2017. Role of nitrogen–fixing plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable production of vegetables: Current perspective in microbial strategies for vegetable production. Springer International Publishing. (pp. 49–79).
Živčák, M., Olšovská, K., Slamka, P., Galambošová, J., Rataj, V., Shao, H.B., and Brestič, M. 2014. Application of chlorophyll fluorescence performance indices to assess the wheat photosynthetic functions influenced by nitrogen deficiency. Plant, Soil and Environment, 60(5): 210–215

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 676
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 212


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب