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بررسی تأثیر روغن ولک بر کفشدوزکهایCryptolaemus montrouzieri و Chilocorus bipustulatus | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1396، صفحه 93-97 اصل مقاله (143.74 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کوتاه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.116074 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیرحسین طورانی* 1؛ حبیب عباسی پور شوشتری2؛ مهدی قادری3 | ||
| 1دانشجو/ دانشگاه شاهد تهران | ||
| 2استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی- دانشگاه شاهد | ||
| 3- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کفشدوزک Muls. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri و کفشدوزک نقابدار دولکهای،Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) از جمله شکارگرهای مهم شپشکهای خانوادۀ Diaspididae و Eriococcidae در ایران میباشند. از جمله روشهای شیمیایی مبارزه با شپشکها استفاده از روغنهای معدنی بوده که سازگاری بالاتری با محیط داشته و با سرعت نسـبتاً زیادی در محیط از بین رفته و خطر بـروز مقاومـت یـا طغیـان آفـات ثانویه در رابطه با این ترکیبات بسیار کم است. در این مطالعه اثر روغن ولک روی حشرۀ کامل و سنین مختلف لاروی کفشدوزک C. montrouzieri و C. bipustulatus روی برگهای مرکبات در شرایط باغ مورد برررسی قرارگرفت. ابتدا سنین مختلف لاروی و حشرات کامل کفشدوزکهای مزبور بهصورت جداگانه رهاسازی و سپس با غلظتهای 5/0، 1 و 5/1 درصد روغن ولک و آب (شاهد) روی برگها اسپری و پس از 24 ساعت تعداد حشرات مرده و زنده شمارش شد. نتایج نشان داد که در سطح احتمال 5 درصد اختلاف معنیداری بین اثر غلظتهای مختلف و در تمام مراحل سنی هر دو کفشدوزک وجود دارد. غلظت 5/1 درصد دارای بیشترین مرگومیر، بهترتیب بهمیزان 11/1±16/92 و 24/1±83/96 درصد در لارو سن اول کفشدوزکهای C. montrouzieri و C. bipustulatus بود. براساس نتایج و مقایسۀ آن با معیارهای ارزیابی سازمان بینالمللی مبارزۀ بیولوژیک (IOBC)، درصد مرگومیر غلظتهای ١ و 5/0 درصد روغن ولک در اکثر مراحل سنی برای هر دو گونه کفشدوزک در ردۀ دوم گروهبندی اثرات جانبی آفتکشها (با خطر متوسط) قرارگرفتند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مرکبات؛ Cryptolaemus montrouzieri؛ Chilocorus bipustulatus؛ شکارگر؛ روغن ولک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of Volk oil on the ladybirds Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| amirhoseyn toorani1؛ Habib Abbasipour2؛ Mahdi Ghaderi3 | ||
| 2Professor of Department of Plant Protection Shahed University | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Predator ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the armored-scale ladybeetle, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) are important predators of Diaspididae and Eriococcidae families in Iran. Application of mineral oils are among chemical methods to control mealybugs which are more compatible with the environment and relatively quickly are destroyed in the environment and the risk of secondary pest resistance in regards with these compounds is very low. In this study, the effect of Volk oil® on adult and different larval stages of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus was evaluated on citrus leaves in orchard conditions. Ladybeetles were released and then sprayed with Volk oil at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 percent and water (control) was carried out and after 24 hours the number of dead and alive insects were determined.. The results showed that there were significant differences between the effects of different concentrations on life stages of both ladybirds at 5% level. The concentration 1.5% had the highest mortality rate, as 92.16±1.11and 96.83±1.24 percent on the 1st larval stage of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus ladybirds, respectively. Based on the results and compared with the evaluation criteria of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), mortality rate caused by 1 and 0.5% concentrations of Volk oil in most age stages for both predators were placed in the second group of side effect ranking (Moderately Harmful). Predator ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the armored-scale ladybeetle, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) are important predators of Diaspididae and Eriococcidae families in Iran. Application of mineral oils are among chemical methods to control mealybugs which are more compatible with the environment and relatively quickly are destroyed in the environment and the risk of secondary pest resistance in regards with these compounds is very low. In this study, the effect of Volk oil® on adult and different larval stages of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus was evaluated on citrus leaves in orchard conditions. Ladybeetles were released and then sprayed with Volk oil at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 percent and water (control) was carried out and after 24 hours the number of dead and alive insects were determined.. The results showed that there were significant differences between the effects of different concentrations on life stages of both ladybirds at 5% level. The concentration 1.5% had the highest mortality rate, as 92.16±1.11and 96.83±1.24 percent on the 1st larval stage of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus ladybirds, respectively. Based on the results and compared with the evaluation criteria of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), mortality rate caused by 1 and 0.5% concentrations of Volk oil in most age stages for both predators were placed in the second group of side effect ranking (Moderately Harmful). Keywords: citrus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Chilocorus bipustulatus,predator, Volk oil | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Citrus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Chilocorus bipustulatus, predator, Volk oil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Beattie, G.A.C. 1990. Citrus petroleum spray oils. Agfact H2.AE. 5 (NSW Agriculture and Fisheries), p. 6. Beattie, G.A.C. & Smith, D. 1993. Citrus leaf miner. Agfact HZ.AE.4, 2nd edition, Sydney: NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia, p. 6. Berlinger, M. J. & Izahor, J. 1979. Contribution to the phenology of Chilocorus bipustulatus in citrus groves and the control of Planococcus citri in Israel.Entomophaga,15: 49-54. Boller, E.F., Vogt, H., Ternes, P. & Malavolta, C. 2005. Working Document on Selectivity of Pesticides. International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section. Clausen, CP. 1915. Mealybugs of citrus trees. California Agriculture State Bulletin, 258: 19-48. Farid, A. 1993. Study on bio-ecology and control of Aonidiella orientalis in Jiroft and Hormozgan. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology,61: 96-105. Franzmann, A.B. 2002. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), A predacious ladybird new in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41: 375-377. Khalaf, J. & Sokhansanj, M. 1992. Bioecological studies on oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis New.) and its control by integrated methods in Fars Province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology,60: 53-59. Murray, D.A. 1978. Effect of fruit fly sprays in the abundance of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and its predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant on Passion fruit in south eastern. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 35(2): 143-147. Obrycki, J.J. & Kring, T.J. 1998. Predaceous Coccinellidae in biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 43: 295-321. Popova, A.I. 1971. Chilocorus in the control of the California scale. Zashchita Rastenii,16: 42-43. Ranjbar, S. & Khoshnam, A. 2012. The susceptibility of the ladybird Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.: Coccinellidae) to Volk oil. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 32(1): 81. Talebi Jahromi, Kh. 2007. Pesticides Toxicology. Tehran University Press. (In Persian).
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