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ارزیابی کارآیی جدایه‌های تریکودرما در مهارزیستی بیماری پوسیدگی ذغالی سویا در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 5، شماره 1، بهار و تابستان 1396، صفحه 71-80 اصل مقاله (200 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی-پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.116072 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
رضاپور مهدی علمدارلو  1؛ آیدین حسن زاده2؛ علی زمان میرآبادی2؛ کامبیر فروزان3
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| 1شرکت توسعه کشت دانه های روغنی | ||
| 2- مرکز تحقیقات کاربردی و تولید بذر، شرکت توسعۀ کشت دانه‌های روغنی، ساری | ||
| 3- شرکت توسعۀ کشت دانه‌های روغنی، دفتر مرکزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سویا مهم‌ترین دانۀ روغنی در دنیا به‌حساب می‌آید. یکی از بیماری‌های شایع سویا پوسیدگی ذغالی با عامل Macrophomina phaseolinaمی‌باشد. مبارزۀ شیمیایی روی بیماری مؤثر نبوده و مدیریت تلفیقی آن با روش‌های مختلف اهمیت زیادی دارد. در این پژوهش بهمنظور دستیابی به‌جدایه‌های آنتاگونیست مناسب برای مهارزیستی بیماری، اثر 126 جدایه تریکودرما (Trichoderma spp.) روی قارچ بیمارگر M. phaseolina، با روش‌های کشت متقابل و تأثیر ترکیبات فرّار در آزمایشگاه بررسی و 12 جدایۀ برتر برای بررسیهای گلخانه‌ای انتخاب شد. شناسایی جدایه‌ها براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناسی و با کلیدهای معتبر انجام شد که سه جدایه Trichoderma reesei، هفت جدایهT. harzianum و دو جدایهT. atrovirideتشخیص داده شد. اثر 12 جدایۀ فوق به‌همراه دو تیمار شاهد (مثبت و منفی) روی بیماری پوسیدگی ذغالی سویا در گلخانه بررسی شد. پس از سترون نمودن خاک گلدان‌ها، بیمارگر به آن اضافه شده و جدایه‌های تریکودرما هنگام کاشت سویا، مایه‌زنی شد. برای ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای آلودگی، در اوایل گل‌دهی تنش خشکی در گلدان‌ها اعمال شد. در پایان دورۀ آلودگی، میزان کاهش وقوع بیماری روی سویا و کاهش جمعیت میکرواسکلروت‌های بیمارگر در خاک تعیین شد که از هر دو لحاظ بین تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت (01/0P<). بیشترین میزان کاهش وقوع بیماری و کاهش تعداد میکرواسکلروت در شاهد منفی (بدون ماکروفومینا و تریکودرما) مشاهده شد. جدایه‌های ARCTr144 (T. reesei)، ARCTr102 (T. harzianum)، ARCTr184 (T. reesei) و ARCTr105 (T. atroviride) با داشتن بیشترین میزان کاهش وقوع بیماری (75-62 درصد) و کاهش تعداد میکرواسکلروت (85-73 درصد) پس از شاهد منفی، بهعنوان تیمارهای برتر معرفی شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژه ها | ||
| مهار زیستی؛ پوسیدگی ذغالی سویا؛ جدایه تریکودرما؛ میکرواسکلروت؛ آلودگی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates in the biological control of soybean charcoal rot disease in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Rezapoor Mehdi Alamdarlou1؛ Idin Hasanzadeh2؛ Ali Zaman Mirabadi2؛ Kambiz Foroozan3 | ||
| 1oil seeds research and development com. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soybean is considered as the most important oilseed crop in the world. One of the common diseases of soybean is charcoal rot which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Chemical control of this disease is not effective and its integrated management using different methods is important. In this research study, in order to obtain suitable antagonist isolates for the disease biological control, effect of 126 Trichoderma isolates on the causal pathogen, M. phaseolina was studied using dual culture and the effect of volatile compounds tests in the laboratory and 12 most effective isolates were selected for the greenhouse studies. Identification of the isolates was done based on the morphological characteristics using valid keys showed that three isolates recognized as Trichoderma reesei, seven as T. harzianum and two as T. atroviride. Effects of the above-mentioned isolates with two control treatments (positive and negative) were investigated on soybean charcoal rot in the greenhouse. After soil pasteurization in the pots, pathogen was added and Trichoderma isolates were used at soybean planting time. In order to create suitable conditions for the pathogen infection, drought stress applied in the pots at early flowering. At the end of infection period, decreasing the disease incidence on soybean and decreasing the population of pathogen microsclerotia in the soil were observed and there were significant differences among different treatments (P<0.01) regarding both factors. The highest decrease of disease incidence and microsclerotia population were observed in the negative control (without Macrophomina and Trichoderma). Isolates ARCTr144 (T. reesei), ARCTr102 (T. harzianum), ARCTr184 (T. reesei) and ARCTr105 (T. atroviride) showing the highest decrease of disease incidence (62-75 percent) and microsclerotia population (73-85 percent) after the negative control were the best and most effective isolates. | ||
| کلیدواژه ها [English] | ||
| Biological control, soybean charcoal rot, Trichoderma isolate microsclerotium, infection | ||
| مراجع | ||
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