| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,086 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,442 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,905,757 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,346,615 |
تأثیر جاده‌های جنگلی بر فلور، شکل زیستی و انتشار جغرافیایی پوشش گیاهی در تیپ ممرز- راش، جنگل خیرود | ||
| تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت جنگلها و مراتع ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 30، اسفند 1396، صفحه 115-130 اصل مقاله (611.75 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfrpr.2018.115702 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| آزاده دلجویی* 1؛ سید محمدمعین صادقی2؛ احسان عبدی3؛ مژگان حسنوند4 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| 4دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ساخت شبکه جاده های جنگلی از جمله دخالت های انسانی است که سبب آشفتگی در جنگل می شود. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین فاصله اثرگذار جاده های درجه دو جنگلی بر فلور، شکل زیستی و انتشار جغرافیایی گونه های گیاهی در تیپ ممرز- راش، جنگل خیرود نوشهر بود. بدین منظور، 36 خط نمونه به طول 100 متر (در هر دامنه خاکریزی و خاکبرداری 18 خط نمونه) از حاشیه جاده تا درون جنگل انتخاب و در طول هر خط نمونه، هشت قطعه نمونه به ابعاد 2×1 متر با فواصل صفر متری (حاشیه جاده)، پنج، 10، 15، 20، 30، 45 و 100 متری برداشت شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه فاصله اثرگذار جاده بر فلور، 15 متر است زیرا که از این فاصله به بعد، درصد فراوانی دو خانواده ی Fagaceae و Betulaceae به صورت غالب در میآید و خانوادههای Rosaceae، Cyperaceae و Poaceae درصد حضورشان کاهش مییابد. بیشترین فاصله اثرگذار بر شکل زیستی، 20 متر است زیرا بعد از این فاصله درصد حضور ژئوفیتها و همیکریپتوفیت ها کم و بر درصد حضور فانروفیت‌ها افزوده میشود. جاده های جنگلی تا بیشینه فاصله 15 متر بر انتشار جغرافیایی گیاهان اثرگذارند زیرا بعد از این فاصله، کروتیپهای جهانوطنی و نیمه جهانوطنی حضور ندارند و درصد حضور گونه های چندناحیه ای کاهش و شکل غالب انتشار جغرافیایی به صورت اروپا- سیبری یا اروپا- سیبری و مدیترانه ای تغییر مییابد. استفاده از بیل مکانیکی به جای بولدوزر در هنگام ساخت جاده که تخریب کمتری در عرصه ایجاد می‌کند و رعایت دقیق استانداردهای پروفیل های طولی و عرضی جاده جنگلی می‌تواند باعث کاهش اثرات منفی جاده بر بوم‌سازگان شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اکولوژی جاده؛ حاشیه جاده؛ خط نمونه؛ فاصله اثرگذار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of forest roads on flora, life forms, and chorology of plants in Hornbeam-beech Kheyrud forest | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Deljouei1؛ S.M.M. Sadeghi2؛ E. Abdi3؛ M. Hasanvand4 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Constructing forest roads network is a kind of human intervention that causes disturbances in the forest. The aim of this study was to determine the effective distance of secondary forest roads on flora, life forms and chorology of plants in Hornbeam-beech Kheyrud forest in Nowshahr. For this purpose, 36 transects with a length of 100 m (eighteen transects at each fill slope and cut slope) were selected from the road edge into forest interior. Along each transect, 8 plots of 2 × 1 m were collected by intervals of zero (road edge), 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 100 meters. The results showed that the maximum effective distance of road on the flora was 15 meters, because in other distances, the frequency of Fagaceae and Betulaceae plants became dominant, and moreover, presence of Rosaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae plants decreased. Furthermore, the maximum effective distance on life form was 20 meters, as a result, after this interval percentage of geophytes and hemicryptophytes decreased, however, there was an increase in percentage of phanerophytes. Also, the forest roads effect on chorology were up to a maximum distance of 15 m. Cosmopolitan and sub-cosmopolitan chorotypes were not exist in higher distances and the presence of multiregional species was declined. Dominant form of distribution altered in the form of Europe-Siberia or Europe-Siberia and Mediterranean. Using the excavator instead of bulldozer for the road constructing that provide less environment disturbance and strict compliance with longitudinal and transverse profiles of forest roads can reduce the negative effects of roads on ecosystem. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Effective distance, road ecology, road edge, TRANSECT | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Archibold, O.W. 1995. Ecology of world vegetation. Chapman and Hall Inc, London, 509p. - Arevalo, J.R., Delgado, J.D., Otto, R., Naranjo, A., Salas, M. and Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. 2005. Exotic species in the roadside plant communities through an altitudinal gradient in Tenerife and Canaria (Canary Islands). Plant Ecology, 7: 185-202. - Asadi, H., Hosseini, S.M., Esmailzadeh, O. and Ahmadi, A. 2011. Flora, life form and chronological study of box tree (Buxus hyrcanus Pojark. ) sites in Khybus protected forest, Mazandaran. Journal of Plant Biology, 3(8): 27-40 (In Persian). - Asri, Y. and Hamzehee, B. 2000. Plant community in Norolabedin Station, Garmsar. Pajuhesh and Sazandegi, 44: 100-104 (In Persian). - Assadi, M., Masomi, A., Khatamsaz, M. and Mozafarian, V.A. 1988-2011. Flora of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran, volumes 1-71 (In Persian). - Atashgahi, Z., Ejtehadi, H. and Zare, H. 2009. Study of floristics, life form and chorology of plants in the east of Dodangeh forests, Mazandaran province, Iran. Journal of Biology, 22(2): 193-203 (In Persian). - Avon, C., Berge, L., Dumas, Y. and Dupouey, J-.L. 2010. Does the effect of forest roads extend a few meters or more into the adjacent forest? A study on understory plant diversity in managed oak stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(8): 1546-1555. - Badami, A. 2014. The role of forest roads in introduction and establishment of invasive plant species (Case study: Kheyrud forest, Patom series). M.Sc. thesis. University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, 57p (In Persian). - Bazyari, M., Jalilvand, H., Kooch, Y. and Hosseini, S.A. 2013. Ecological effects of forest roads on biodiversity and floristic composition (case study; leeresar, galanderood, makarood). Journal of Plant Researches, 27(1): 41-51 (In Persian). - Berenji Tehrani, F., Majnounian, B., Abdi, E. and Zahedi Amiri, G. 2015. Impacts of forest road on plant species diversity in a Hyrcanian forest, Iran. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 36(1): 63-71. - Davis, M.A., Grime, J.P. and Thompson. K. 2000. Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasiblity. Journal of Ecology, 88: 528-534. - Davis, P.H. (ed.). 1965. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands, 10 vols. Edinburgh University Press. - Delgado, J., Arroyo, D.N.L., Arevalo, J.R. and Fernández-Placios, J.M. 2007. Edge effects of roads on temperature, light, canopy cover, and canopy height in laurel and pine forests (Tenerife, Canary, and Islands). Landscape and Urban Planning, 81: 328-340. - Deljouei, A., Abdi, E. and Majnounian, B. 2014. Changes of trees regeneration diversity in main and secondary roads of Hyrcanian forests, Iran. Journal of The Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, 19(1-2): 30-35. - Deljouei, A., Abdi, E. and Majnounian, B. 2016a. Changes in the diversity and richness indices with distance from main and secondary forest roads. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 68(4): 829-842 (In Persian). - Deljouei, A., Abdi, E. and Majnounian, B. 2016b. Effect of forest roads on variability of soil fertility parameters (case study: Kheyroud forest, Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Forest (In press) (In Persian). - Deljouei, A., Sadeghi, S.M.M. and Abdi, E. 2016c. Comparing leaf area index at different distances from constructed forest roads edge in Hyrcanian forest (Case study: a hornbeam-beech forest in Kheyrud, Mazandaran). Forest Research and Development, 2 (2): 167-178 (In Persian). - Eivazi, M.R. 2014. The role of forest roads in introduction and rehabilitation of invasive plant species (Case study: Kheiroud forest, Patom series). M.Sc. thesis. University of Tehran. Karaj, Iran, 76p (In Persian). - Esmaeilzadeh, O., Hosseini, S.M. and Oladi, J. 2004. A phytosociological study of English yew (Taxus baccata L.) in Afratakhteh Reserve. Pajuhesh and Sazandegi, 68(3): 66-76 (In Persian). - Flory, S. and Clay, K. 2006. Invasive shrub distribution varies with distance to roads and stand age in eastern deciduous forests in Indiana, USA. Plant Ecology, 184: 131–141. - Ghahreman, A. 1978-2006. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran (In Persian). - Ghahreman, A., Naqinezhad, A.R., Hamzehee, B., Attar, F. and Assadi, M. 2006. The flora of Tehreatend Black Alder Forests in the Caspian Lowlads, northern Iran. Rostaniha, 7(1): 5-30. - Ghollassi Mood, S., Jalili, B. and Bakhshi Kahniki, G. 2006. Introducing flora and life forms of plants in west of Birjand. Pajuhesh and Sazandegi, 73: 65-73 (In Persian). - Haghgooy, T. and Pourbabaei, H. 2012. Presentation of flora, life from and chorotype of plants in Sadetarik Forest park, Roudbar, Guilan. Irainian Journal of Forest, 3(4): 331-340 (In Persian). - Karamirad, S. 2013. Investigation of forest road effects on tree and regeneration diversity in road edge, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, 116p (In Persian). - Khodadadi, S., Saeidi, S. and Naqinezhad, A.R. 2009. Contribution to the flora and habitats of the Estil wetland (Astara) and its surroundings, northwest Iran. Rostaniha, 10(1): 44-63. - Marcantonio, M., Rocchini, D., Geri, F., Bacaro, G. and Amici, V. 2013. Biodiversity, roads, & landscape fragmentation: Two Mediterranean cases. Applied Geography, 42: 63-72. - Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S.S. and Rajamand, M. 2008. Life forms and chorotypes of unwanted weedy plants in the main parks of Tehran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection, 6(1): 29-41. - Mobayen, S. 1975-1996. Flora of Iran. Vols 1-4. Tehran University Publications, Tehran (In Persian). - Mozafarian, V.A. 1996. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Latin-English-Persian, Farhang Moaser Press, Tehran, 522p (In Persian). - Naqinezhad, A.R., Shahsavari, A. and Jahanian, T. 2009. Floristic study of biotopes in the city area of Babol (Mazandaran) from urban ecology perspective. Journal of Environmental Studies, 35(49): 89-104 (In Persian). - Pourbabaei, H., Naghdi, R., Heydari, M. and Noori, M. 2016. Investigation on the regeneration and vegetation composition in the edge of forest roads. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 68(1): 87-96 (In Persian). - Raunkiaer, C. 1934. Plant life forms and statistical plant geography. Clarendon Press. Oxford. - Rechinger, K.H. (1963-2005). Flora Iranica, vols. 1-176. Graz. Austria. - Shakeri, Z., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Simberloff, D., Etemad, V., Assadi, M., Donath, T.W., Otte, A. and Eckstein, R.L. 2012. Plant community composition and disturbance in Caspian Fagus orientalis forests: which are the main driving factors?. Phytocoenologia, 41(4): 247-263. - Solinska, G.B., Namura, O.A. and Symonides, E. 1997. Long term dynamics of a relict forest in an urban area. Floristica et Geobotanica, 42: 423-479. - Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic regions of the world. University of California Press, Ltd. California. - Teimoorzadeh, A., Ghorbani, A. and Kavianpoor, A.H. 2015. Study on the flora, life forms and chorology of the south eastern of Namin forests (Asi-Gheran, Fandoghloo, Hasani and Bobini), Ardabil province. Journal of Plant Researches, 28(2): 264-275 (In Pesrian). - Vaseghi, P., Ejtehadi, H., Zakayi, M. and Joharchi, M.R. 2009. Floristic studies, life form and chorology of plants in Kalat highlands of Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi province, East of Iran. Materials & Energy, 8(1): 75-8. - Yousofi, M., Safari, R. and Nowroozi, M. 2011. An investigation of the flora of the Chadegan region in Isfahan province. Journal of Plant Biology, 3(9): 1-7. - Zohary, M. 1963. On the geobotanical structure of Iran. Bulletin of Research Council of Israel. - Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East, Stuttgart. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 765 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 723 |
||