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بررسی همولوژی کروموزومی بین سه گونه آژیلوپس (Aegilops sp) ایرانی حامل ژنوم D و گندم نان (Triticum aestivum) | ||
| تحقیقات ژنتیک و اصلاح گیاهان مرتعی و جنگلی ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28، شهریور 1386، صفحه 95-112 اصل مقاله (284.89 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrfpbgr.2007.114957 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد جعفرآقایی* 1؛ محمدرضا نقوی1؛ علیرضا طالعی1؛ منصور امیدی1؛ جواد مظفری2 | ||
| 1دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، کرج | ||
| 2مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ژنوم D یکی از سه ژنوم اصلی در گندم نان Triticum aestivum نقش مهمی در بسیاری از صفات زراعی گندم نان بعهده دارد. این ژنوم از گونه Aegilops tauschii به گندم نان به‌ارث رسیده است. علاوه بر آن گونه‌های A. cylindrica و A. crassa نیز ژنوم D را حمل می‌کنند و در ایران گسترش دارند. به منظور مطالعه همولوژی بین ژنوم D در میان این سه گونه با ژنوم D گندم نان و بررسی امکان انتقال ژن از این گونه‌ها به گندم زراعی از هر گونه 13 نمونه و در مجموع 52 نمونه از نواحی مختلف انتخاب گردید. در مزرعه هیبریدهای بین‌گونه‌ای بین نمونه‌های آژیلوپس و گندم نان هر دسته تهیه گردید. سپس وضعیت جفت شدن کروموزومهای میوزی در خوشه‌های جوان هیبریدهای بین‌گونه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که امکان تهیه هیبریدهای بین این گونه‌ها حداقل با استفاده از روشهای نجات جنین وجود دارد. ژنوم گونه A. tauschii شباهت زیادی با ژنوم D گندم نان نشان داد، به طوری که کروموزومهای دوگونه قادر بودند با یکدیگر جفت شده و به طور متوسط 9/11 کیاسما در هر سلول تشکیل دهند، اما میزان جفت شدن کروموزومهای گونه A. cylindrica با گندم نان کمتر بوده و به‌طور متوسط 37/7 کیاسما در هر سلول مشاهده گردید. شباهت کروموزومهای فرم تتراپلوئید گونه A. crassa با گندم نان نیز بسیار ناچیز بوده و کروموزومهای این گونه به طور متوسط تنها 42/3 کیاسما با کروموزومهای گندم نان تشکیل می‌دادند. با این حال، حتی تشکیل تعداد کمی کیاسما در هیبریدهای بین‌گونه‌ای امکان انتقال ژن از این گونه‌ها را به گندم نان فراهم می‌نماید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Aegilops؛ گندم؛ تلاقی بین‌گونه‌ای؛ ژنوم D و همولوژی کروموزومی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A study of chromosome homology between three Iranian Aegilops species with D genome and bread wheat (T. aestivum) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Jaffar Aghaei1؛ M.R. Naghavi1؛ A.R. Taleei1؛ M. Omidi1؛ J. Mozafari2 | ||
| 1Agricultural college, University of Tehran | ||
| 2Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, karj. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The D genome of T. aestivum has an important role in agronomic traits of bread wheat. It has been inherited to bread wheat from A. tauschii. Moreover, two Iranian species A. cylindrica and A. crassa have received D genome from A. tauschii. 52 samples with 13 samples from each species were selected from different areas, to study homology between D genome of these species and possibility of transferring alien genes to bread wheat. Interspecific hybrids between Aegilops and bread wheat samples of each set were made in farm. The meiotic chromosomal pairing was studied in young spikes of F1 hybrids of Aegilops species and bread wheat. Results suggested that hybridization between them is possible however by embryo rescue. The genome of A. tauschii is very similar to D genome of bread wheat. Usually, homologues chromosomes of D genome in two species were paired to each other and average of chiasmata was 11.9 per cell. Lower homology was found between genome of A. cylindrica and bread wheat. The average of chiasmata was 7.37 per cell in these crosses. Homology between genome of tetraploid A. crassa and bread wheat was very low and average of chiasmata in this cross was just 3.42 chiasmata per cell. These species are very important in bread wheat improvement because transferring alien genes to bread wheat is possible even by a few chiasmata formations in hybrids. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Wheat, Aegilops, interspecific hybridization and chromosomal homology | ||
| مراجع | ||
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