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تأثیر قارچ مایکوریزا بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی خارمریم (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) تحت تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 84، مهر 1396، صفحه 620-635 اصل مقاله (315.99 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.107860.1877 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب مزارعی1؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر* 2؛ زهرا بابایی1 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تنش کمبود آب به‌طور دائم یا موقت، در رشد و توزیع پوشش طبیعی گیاهان بیشتر از سایر عوامل محیطی محدودکننده است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ‌های آربوسکولار مایکوریزا و تنش خشکی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه خارمریم (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)، آزمایشی گلدانی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در چاه نیمه انجام شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری براساس 100% ظرفیت مزرعه به‌عنوان شاهد، 60% و 30% ظرفیت مزرعه) و سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا Glomus mosseae، Glomus versiformis و Glomus intraradices و بدون تلقیح به‌عنوان شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که پس از آغاز تیمارهای خشکی، خصوصیات رویشی مانند تعداد کاپیتول، تعداد دانه در کاپیتول، وزن هزاردانه، تعداد و مساحت سطح برگ، طول ریشه، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه با افزایش خشکی به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. محتوای نسبی آب برگ در اثر خشکی به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت و از 77.3 در شاهد به 57.01 در 30% FC کاهش یافت. همچنین با افزایش تنش خشکی میزان فسفر برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم برگ افزایش یافت. در پاسخ به تنش خشکی، فرایندهای تنظیم اسمزی در گیاهان ماریتیغال فعال شد و میزان پرولین در برگ‌ها افزایش (بیشترین مقدار 0.13 میلی‌گرم بر گرم بافت در آبیاری 30% FC) یافت ولی درصد سیلیمارین در آبیاری کامل از 16.35% به 10.24% در آبیاری 30% FC کاهش یافت. تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا شاخص‌های رشد رویشی، درصد سیلیمارین (بیشترین میزان در کاربرد G. mosseae و کمترین در شاهد)، محتوای نسبی آب گیاه و محتوای فسفر و پتاسیم برگ گیاه خارمریم را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد، ولی میزان پرولین برگ کمتر شد. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی در گیاه خارمریم شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرولین؛ سیلیمارین؛ فسفر؛ کاپیتول؛ گیاه دارویی؛ مایکوریزا | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on some morphological & physiological charactristics of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Mazaraei1؛ A.R. Sirousmehr2؛ Z. Babaei1 | ||
| 1MSc. student, Department of Agronomy, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Drought stress, temporally or permanently, is a more limiting factor in growth and distribution of vegetation cover than other environmental factors. In order to study the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal and drought stress on growth and yield of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), a pot experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design in three replications in the research greenhouse of Chahnimeh at the University of Zabol. Drought stress consisted of two levels including %60 and %30 of field capacity and full irrigation as control treatment. Three mycorrhizal fungi including Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiformis, and Glomus intraradices were investigated. The results showed that after starting of drought stress, vegetative characteristics such as number of capituls, number of seeds in capitul, 1000 seeds weight, leaf number and area, root length, number of minor branches, plant height, and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, significantly decreased with increasing drought stress. RWC of leaf was intensely affected by drought and decreased from 77.3 in control treatment to 57.01 in 30% of field capacity irrigation treatment. In addition, with increasing drought stress, the amount of phosphorus in leaves decreased and the amount of potassium increased. Osmotic adjustment in Milk thistle was increased in response to drought stress and leaf proline content increased (the highest 0.13 mg/g tissue in 30% of field capacity treatment); however, silimarin content decreased from 16.35 in full irrigation to 10.24 in 30% of field capacity treatment. Inoculation with VAM significantly increased vegetative indices, silimarin content (the highest in G. mosseae application and the lowest in control), plant RWC, and leaf content of P and K under drought stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants; however, the leaf proline content was low. In general, application of mycorrhizae fungi increased drought stress resistance in Milk thistle. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Proline, silimarin, Phosphorus, capitul, herbal plant, mycorrhiza | ||
| مراجع | ||
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