| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,073 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,126,778 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,033,686 |
مطالعه روند رشد و عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و سویا در رقابت همزمان با دو علف هرز تاج خروس و تاتوره | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 5، شماره 1، شهریور 1388، صفحه 107-125 اصل مقاله (580.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فائزه زعفریان1؛ مجید آقاعلیخانی1؛ حمید رحیمیان مشهدی2؛ اسکندر زند2؛ محمد رضوانی1 | ||
| 1استاد دانشگاه | ||
| 2محقق | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی تاثیر کشت مخلوط بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد ذرت و سویا در رقابت با علف های هرز تاج خروس و تاتوره، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در سال 1386 انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از: 5 نسبت اختلاط دو گیاه زراعی ذرت و سویا شامل: 0 % سویا: 100 % ذرت،25 % سویا: 75 % ذرت، 50 % سویا: 50 % ذرت، 75 % سویا: 25 % ذرت،100 % سویا: 0 % ذرت،و 4 سطح آلودگی علف‌هرز تاج خروس و تاتوره شامل: عاری از علف هرز، آلوده به تاج‌خروس در تمام فصل، آلوده به تاتوره در تمام فصل و آلودگی توام تاج خروس و تاتوره در طول فصل به نسبت 50:50. تراکم علف‌های هرز کاشته شده در همه کرتها 15 بوته در هر متر از طول ردیف بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک و سرعت رشد محصول ذرت در نسبت 25 :75 (سویا: ذرت) مشاهده شد، همچنین بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین(33/1) و بیشترین میزان عملکرد ذرت (10875 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نیز در این نسبت بدست آمد، اما با کاهش نسبت ذرت در مخلوط این صفات کاهش یافتند. رقابت همزمان دو گونه علف هرز در تمام سطوح کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با رقابت تک گونه‌ای تاج‌خروس یا تاتوره باعث کاهش بیشتر شاخص‌های رشد و در نتیجه کاهش بیشتر عملکرد دانه در ذرت شد. برای سویا بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک، سرعت رشد محصول و همچنین بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3/5898 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تک‌کشتی و بدون حضور علف هرز بدست آمد. حصول نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک درتمام تیمارهای واجد ذرت و سویا حتی در شرایط رقابت با علف‌های هرز حاکی از سودمندی کشت مخلوط و مناسب بودن آن به عنوان یک راهبرد غیر شیمیایی در مدیریت علف‌های هرز می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| زراعت چند کشتی؛ نسبت اختلاط؛ آنالیز رشد؛ رقابت؛ مدیریت غیرشیمیایی علف¬های هرز | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Yield and Growth Indices of Corn/Soybean Intercrop under Simultaneous Competition of Redroot Pigweed and Jimsonweed | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| faezeh zaefarian1؛ majid aghaalikhan1؛ hamid rahimian mashadi2؛ eskandar zand2؛ mohammad rezvani1 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of corn/soybean intercrop on their yield and growth indices under competition with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.), a field study was carried out in Karaj during 2007 growing season. Treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Experimental factors were five different mixing ratios of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) including: 100: 0 (corn/soybean), 75: 25, 50: 50, 25:75 and 0: 100 with four levels of weed infestations: weed free, infestation to redroot pigweed, infestation to jimsonweed and co-occurrence of both weeds. Weed density was 15 plants per meter of row. Results showed that corn leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate was maximum in 75:25 (corn: soybean) ratio. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.33) and the most amount of corn yield (10875 kg ha-1) was also observed in this ratio, but decreased as the proportion of corn was decreased in mixture. The maximum corn yield loss occurred from multiple weed competition treatments. LAI, CGR, dry matter accumulation and grain yield (5898.3 kg ha-1) were maximum for soybean pure stand but showed a decreasing trend with decreasing soybean ratio. Appearance of high LER in all intercropped plots even in weed infested treatments indicate to profitability of intercropping as a non-chemical strategy for weed management. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| multiple cropping, mixing ratios, Growth analysis, Competition, non-chemical weed management | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Aghaalikhani, M. 2001. Ecophysiological aspects of corn and redroot pigweed competition. Ph.D. dissertation in Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, 200 p. (In Persian with English Abstract). Asghari, J., Amirmoradi, Sh. and Kamkar, B. 2002. Weed physiology (Vol. 1): Reproduction and ecophysiology. Guilan Univ. publication. 260 p. Atri, A., Javanshir, A., Mogaddam, M. and Shakiba, M. R. 1999. Evaluation of competition in corn/bean intercropping using convert model yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, 17(4): 97-103 (In Persian with English abstract). Altieri, M. A. 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 74:19–31. Ayeni, A. O., Duke, W. B. and Akobundu, I. O. 1984. Weed interference in maize, cowpea and maize/cowpea intercrop in a sub humid tropical environment. I. Influence of cropping season. Weed Research, 24:269-279. Akey, W. C., Juurik, T. W. and Dekker, J. 1991. A replacement series evaluation of competition between velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharasti) and soybean (Glycine max). Weed Research, 31:63-72. Ali, M. 1988. Weed suppressing ability and productivity of short duration legumes intercropped with pigeonpea under rainfed condition. Tropical Pest Management, 34:384-387. Board, J. 2000. Light interception efficiency and light quality affect yield compensation of soybean at low plant populations. Crop Science, 40:1285-1294. Brummer, E. C. 1998. Diversity, stability, and sustainable american agriculture. Agronomy Journal, 90:1–2. Carruthers, K., Prithiviraj, B., Cloutier, Q. F. D., Martin, R. C. and Smith, D. L. 2000. Intercropping corn with soybean, lupin and forages: yield component responses. Eurpean Journal of Agronomy, 12:103-115. Carruthers, K., Cloutier, Fe. and Smith, D. L. 1998. Intercropping corn with soybean, lupin and forages: weed control by intercrops combined with interrow cultivation. Eurpean Journal of Agronomy, 8:225-238. Catchart, R. J. and Swanton, C. J. 2004. Nitrogen and green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition effects on corn growth and development. Weed Science, 52:1039-1049. Cavero, J., Zaragoza, C., Suso, M. L. and Pardo, A. 1999. Competition between maize and Datura sramonium in an irrigated field under semi-arid conditions. Weed Research, 39:225-240. Chaniago, I., Taji, A. and Jessop, R. 2006. Weed interference in soybean (Glycine max). Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 67:1–22. Crawley, M. J. 1997. Plant ecology. Blackwee, Cambridge. Danaeifar, E., Kashani, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh., Nabati Ahmadi, D. and Siadat, A. 2001. Effects of Plant density and sowing compounds on forage yield and quality in Ahvaz weather conditions. Pazhouhesh va Sazandegi, 51: 50-53 (In Persian with English abstract). Elomre, R. W. and Jackobs, J. A. 1986. Yield and nitrogen yield of sorghum intercropped with nodulating and non-nodulating soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 78: 780-782. Fernandez, O. N., Vignolio, O. R. and Requesens, E. C. 2002. Competition between corn (Zea mays) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in relation to the crop plant arrangement. Agronomy Journal, 22:293-305. Ghezeli, F. 2004. Corn ecophysiology in competition with redroot pigweed and common lambs quarter under high and low input conditions. 186 p. Ph.D. dissertation in Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University, 200 p.(In Persian with English Abstract). Ghosh, P. K. 2004. Growth, yield, competition and economics of groundnut/cereal fodder intercropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of India. Field Crops Research, 88:227-237. Ghosse, G., Varlet-Grancher, C., Bonhomme, R., Chartier, M., Allirand, J. M. and Lemaire, G. 1986. Maximum dry matter production and solar radiation intercepted by a canopy. Agronomie, 6:47-56. Graham, P. L., Steiner, J. L. and Weise, A. F. 1988. Light absorption and competition in max soybean-pigweed communities. Agronomy Journal, 80:415-418. Hagood, E. S., Bauman, T. T., Williams, L. and Schreiber, M. M. 1981. Growth analysis of soybean (Glycine max) in competition with jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Weed Science, 29:500-504. Hall M. R., Swanton C. J., Anderson G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40: 441-447. Harbur, M. M. and Owen, M. D. K. 2004. Light and growth rate effects on crop and weed responses to nitrogen. Weed Science, 52:578:583. Hegazy, A. K., Fahmy, G. M., Ali, M. I. and Gomaa, N. H. 2005. Growth and phenology of eight common weed species. Journal of Arid Environments, 61:171–183. Hunt, R. 1990. Basic Ggrowth Analysis. London, Unwin Hyman. Hunt, R. and Lloyd, P. S. 1987. Growth and partitioning. New Phytologist, 106:235–249. Jeyabal, A. and Kuppuswamy, G. 2001. Recycling of organic wastes for the production of vermicompost and its response in rice–legume cropping system and soil fertility. Eur. J. Agron 15: 153–170.
Kenzevic, S. Z., Weise S. F. and Swanton C. J. 1994. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus reroflexus) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Science. 42:568-573. Legere, A. and Schreiber, M. M. 1989. Competition and canopy architecture as affected by soybean (Glycine max) row width and density of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Weed Science, 37:84-92. Liebman, M. and Davis, A. S. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-input farming systems. Weed Res. 40:27– 47. Liebman, M. and Dyck, E. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Applied Ecology, 3:92-122. Limon-Ortega, A., Mason, S. C. and Martin, A. R. 1998. Production practices improve grain sorghum and pearl millet competitiveness with weeds. Agronomy Journal, 90:227-232. Mandhal, B. K., Das, D. Saha, A. and Mohasin, M. 1996. Yield advantage of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under different spatial arrangements in intercropping. Indian J. of Agron. 41(1). 17-21. Marchiol, L., Miceli, F., Pinosa, M. and Zerbi, G. 1992. Intercropping of soybean and maize for silage in northern Italy. Effect of nitrogen level and plant density on growth, yield, and protein content. European Journal if Agronomy, 1:207–211. Martin, R. C., Voldeng, H. C. and Smith, D. L. 1990. Intercropping corn and soybean in a cool temperate region: yield, protein and economic benefits. Field Crops Research, 23:295–310. Massinga, R. A., Currie, R. S. and Trooien, T. P. 2003. Water use and light interception under Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri ) and corn competition. Weed Science, 51:523–531. Muhler, C. L. 1996. Ecological basis for the cultural control of annual weeds. Journal of Production Agriculture, 9:468-474. Morris, R. A. and Garrity, D. P. 1993. Resource capture and utilization in intercropping: non-nitrogen nutrients. Field Crops Research, 34:303-317. Mosier, D. G. Oliver, L. R. 1995. Common cocklebur interference on soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Science, 43:239-246. Moss, P. A. and Hartwig, N. L. 1980. Sorghum – pigeonpea intercropping and lambsquarter in a corn-soybean intercrop. Proc. Northeast. Weed Science, 34:21-28. Nambiar, P. T. C., Rao, M. R., Reddy, M. S., Floyd, C. N., Dart, P. J. and Willey, R. W. 1983. Effect of inter-cropping on nodulation and N2-fixation by groundnut. Experimental Agriculture, 19:1979–1986. Nishibe, S., Mori, M., Isoda, A. and Nakaseko, K. 1987. Growth pattern and tuber yield in potatoes under contrast climatic condition between two years. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 56:1-7. Poggio, S. L. 2005. Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 109:48–58. Sarlak, Sh. and Aghaalikhani, M. 2009. Yield responses of sweet corn/mungbean intercrop affected by mixing ratio and plant density. Iranian Crop Sc. J. 11(4): 367-380. (In Persian with English abstract) Russelle, M. P., Wilhelm, W. W., Olson, R. A. and Power, J. F. 1984. Growth analysis based on degree days. Crop Science, 24:28-32. Sayed, O. H. and Hegazy, A. K. 1994. Growth-specific phytomass allocation in Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum as influenced by CAM induction in the field. Journal of Arid Environments, 27:325–329. Sharifi, Y., Aghaalikhani, M. and Modarres Sanavy, S. A. M. 2006. Effect of mixing ratio and plant density on forage yield of sorghum/cowpea intercropping. J. of Agricultural Sc., 37(2): 363-370 (In Persian with English abstract). Shurtleff, J. L. and Coble, H. D. 1985. Interference of certain broadleaf weed species in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Science 33:654-657. Stoller, E. W. and Wooley, J. T. 1985. Competition for light by broadleaf weeds in sybean (Glycine max). Weed Science. 33:199-202. Vaez Zadeh, A. 1994. Determining the best planting method for bersim clover/ grasses intercropping with emphasize on forage yield, quality and land equivalence ratio. Proceeding of the 3rd Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences, 3-8 Sep.1994. Tabriz University, Iran (In Persian). Vandemeer, J. H. 1989. The ecology of intercropping. New York: Cambridge University Press. 237 p. Weil, R. R. and Mc fadden, M. E. 1991. Fertility and weed stress effects on performance of maize/soybean intercrop. Agron. Journal, 8:717-721. Yusuf, R. I., Siemens, J. C. and Bullock, D. G. 1999. Growth analysis of soybean under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Agronomy Journal. 91:928–933. Zand, A., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Koocheki, A., Khalaghani, J., Mousavi, S. K. and Ramezani, K. 2004. Weed ecology. Mashhad Jahad-e Daneshgahi Press. Zrust, J. and Juzl, M. 1997. Rates of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of very early potato. Field Crops Research, 50:264-276.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,421 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,292 |
||