اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات286
تعداد نشریات سازمان84
تعداد شماره‌ها3,030
تعداد مقالات33,889
تعداد مشاهده مقاله45,268,754
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله61,253,829
محبی صادق, محمدجواد, حیدری, احمد. (1396). توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31(2), 231-245. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2017.113106
محمدجواد محبی صادق; احمد حیدری. "توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31, 2, 1396, 231-245. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2017.113106
محبی صادق, محمدجواد, حیدری, احمد. (1396). 'توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 31(2), pp. 231-245. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2017.113106
محبی صادق, محمدجواد, حیدری, احمد. توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1396; 31(2): 231-245. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2017.113106

توزیع شکل های فسفر در خاک های جنگلی کلاردشت

پژوهش های خاک
مقاله 7، دوره 31، شماره 2، شهریور 1396، صفحه 231-245    اصل مقاله (687.29 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2017.113106
نویسندگان
محمدجواد محبی صادق1؛ احمد حیدری* 2
1دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی علوم خاک،دانشگاه تهران
2استاد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
فسفر از عناصر اصلی مورد نیاز گیاه می­باشد که به شکل­های مختلف شیمیایی و بیوشیمیایی در خاک دیده می­شود، به همین دلیل فسفر مستعد اثرپذیری از فرآیندها و شرایط خاکسازی می­باشد. در این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر فرآیندهای خاکسازی بر توزیع شکل­های فسفر و قابلیت فراهمی آن 8 نیمرخ خاک در اراضی تحت پوشش جنگلی منطقه کلاردشت حفر و مطالعه گردید. فسفر فراهم (Pav)، فسفر کل (TP)، فسفر آلی (OP)، فسفر معدنی (MP) به­اضافه 8 شکل مختلف فسفر معدنی در افق‌های ژنتیکی خاک اندازه­گیری شد و همبستگی این شکل­ها با یکدیگر و نیز پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی در نیمرخ­های خاک بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد فرآیندهای خاکسازی اثرات قابل توجهی بر توزیع شکل­های مختلف فسفر دارند. فسفات­های آهن (Fe-P) و آلومینیوم (Al-P) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری با  فسفر قابل استخراج با اگزالات آمونیوم (Pox) داشتند که ممکن است نمایانگر استخراج فسفر هم‌رسوبی شده با اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم دارای تبلور ضعیف (از طریق انحلال) و یا فسفر جذب شده توسط این اکسیدها (از طریق تبادل لیگاند و آنیونی) باشد. این شکل­های با تبلور پایین و همچنین اکتا کلسیم فسفات (Ca8-P) و فسفر محبوس (Oc-P)، همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری را با درصد رس نشان دادند که اتصال این ترکیبات به ذرات رس در طی واکنش­های شیمیایی مختلف و انتقال همزمان (co-migration) این ترکیبات و ذرات رس در طی فرآیند انتقال مکانیکی ذرات ریز  (lessivage) و شستشو و رسوب مجدد (eluviation-illuvation) را محتمل می­سازد. فسفر معدنی لبایل (LPi) و نسبتاً لبایل (MLPi) همبستگی معنی­داری با فسفر قابل دسترس نداشتند اما فرم آپاتیت همبستگی معنی­داری با فسفر قابل دسترس داشت که می­تواند در اثر تخلیه فسفر توسط گیاهان، میکروارگانیسم­ها از افق‌های سطحی خاک و علاوه بر آن انتقال عناصر به قسمت­های پایین­تر نیمرخ خاک باشد که در نتیجۀ آن از منابع مقاومی مثل آپاتیت برای تامین فسفر استفاده می­شود. این در حالی است که بیشترین همبستگی بین فسفر قابل دسترس، فسفر آلی و کربن آلی مشاهده شد که به همین دلیل فرآیند اضافه شدن بقایای گیاهی و چرخه جذب-بازگشت فسفر توسط گیاه (littering) و هوموسی شدن و فرآیندهای جانبی آن مهم‌ترین فرآیند موثر بر فسفر قابل جذب (Pav) تلقی گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
افق ژنتیکی خاک؛ فسفر معدنی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Distribution of Phosphorus forms in the Kelardasht Forest Soils
نویسندگان [English]
M. J. Mohebbi1؛ A. Heidari2
1Ph.D. Student, Soil Science Department, University of Tehran
2Professor, Soil Science Department, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Phosphorus is an essential element for plant that appears in different chemical and biochemical forms in soil, therefore, it is susceptible to effects by pedogenic processes. In order to investigate effect of pedogenic processes on P forms and their distribution, 8 soil profiles were studied in forest land of Kelardasht. Available P (Pav), total P (TP), organic P (OP), mineral P (MP) and 8 mineral P forms were determined in the genetic horizons and the correlation of these forms with each other and also the physicochemical soil parameters were investigated. The results showed that pedogenic process significantly affected distribution of different P forms. Fe-P and Al-P showed significant positive correlation with Pox, which could indicate simultaneous extraction of poorly crystalline Fe-Al oxide (by dissolution) or adsorbed/absorbed P by Al-Fe oxides (anion and ligand exchange). These poorly crystalline forms, octa-calcium phosphate (Ca8-P) and occluded P (Oc-P) correlate positively and significantly with clay content that enhance possibility of these components linkage with clay particles during different chemical reaction and co-migration of P and clay by lessivage and eluviation-illuviation process. Labile mineral P (LPi) and moderately labile mineral P (MLPi) did not show significant correlation with Pav, whereas apatite significantly and positively correlated with Pav. Removal of P from surface horizons can explain this result. Nevertheless, the highest correlation was between Pav, OP, and organic carbon (OC). According to this result, littering and humification may be considered as the most important processes that can influence P availability.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Mineral phosphorus, Pedogenic process, Genetic horizons
مراجع
  1. Akhtar, M., D.L. McCallister, D.D. Francis and J.S. Schepers. 2005. Manure source effect on soil phosphorus fractions and their distribution. Soil Sci. 170: 183–190.
  2. Allison, L.E., and C.D. Moodie. 1965. Carbonates. PP. 1379-1396. In: Black C A (Eds). Method of Soil Analaysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. ASA: Madison, WI.
  3. Alvarez-Rogel, J., F.J. Jimenez-Carceles., and C. Egea-Nicolas. 2007. Phosphorus retention in a coastal salt marsh in SE Spain. Sci. Total Environ. 378: 71–74.
  4. Beauchemin, S., D. Hesterberg, J. Chou., M. Beauchemin, R.R. Simard, and D.E. Sayers. 2003. Speciation of phosphorus in phosphorus-enriched agricultural soils using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and chemical fractionation. J. Environ. Qual. 32: 1809–1819.
  5. Beck, M.A., and P.A. Sanchez. 1994. Soil phosphorus fraction dynamics during 18 years of cultivation on a Typic Paleudult. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58: 1424–1431.
  6. Blackwell, M.S.A., P.C. Brookes, N. de la Fuente-Martinez, P.J. Murray, K.E. Snars, J.K. Williams, and P.M. Haygarth. 2009. Effects of soil drying and rate of re-wetting on concentrations and forms of phosphorus in leachate. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 45: 635–643.
  7. Bowman, R.A., and C.V. Cole. 1978. An exploratory method for fractionation of organic phosphorus from grassland soils. Soil Sci. 125: 95-101.
  8. Carreira, J.A., B. Vinegla and K. Lajtha. 2006. Secondary CaCO3 and precipitation of PCa compounds control the retention of soil P in and ecosystems.J. Arid Environ. 64: 460-473.
  9. Cassagne, N., M. Remaury, T. Gauquelin and A. Fabre. 2000. Forms and profile distribution of soil phosphorus in alpine Inceptisoils and Spodosols (Pyrenees). Geoderma. 95: 161–172.
  10. Chang, S.C., and M.L. Jackson. 1957. Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Sci. 84: 133-144.
  11. Chen, C.R., L.M. Condron, M.R. Davis, and R.R. Sherlock. 2002. Phosphorus dynamics in the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and radiate pine (Pinusradiate D. Don.). Soil Biol. Biochem. 34: 487–499.
  12. Chepkwony, C.K., R.J. Haynes, R.S. Swift, and R. Harrison. 2001. Mineralization of soil organic P induced by drying and rewetting as a source of plant-available P in limed and unlimed samples of an acid soil. Plant Soil. 234: 83–90.
  13. Cornell, R.M., and U. Shwertmann. 2003. The iron oxides: Structure, properties, reactions, occurrence and uses.2nd ed.VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
  14. Cross, A.F., and W.H. Schlesinger. 2001. Biological and geochemical controls on phosphorus fractions in semiarid soils. Biogeochem. 52: 155-172. 
  15. Delgado, A., and Torrent, J. 2000. Phosphorus forms and desorption patterns in heavily fertilized calcareous and limed acid soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 2031–2037.
  16. Dobermann, A., T. George, and N. Thevs. 2002. Phosphorus fertilizer effects on soil phosphorus pools in acid upland soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66: 652–660.
  17. Eckert D.J., and E.O. McLean. 1981. Basic cation saturation ratios as a basis for fertilizing and liming agronomic crops: I. Growth chamber studies. Agron. J. 73: 795–799
  18. Gburek, W.J., A.N. Sharpley, L. Heathwaite, and G.J. Folmar. 2000. Phosphorus management at the watershed scale: a modification of the phosphorus index. J. Environ. Qual. 29: 130–144.
  19. Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 2002. Particle size analysis. PP. 201-214. In: H D Jacob and G Clarke Topp. (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. SSSA. Madison, WI.
  20. Gomes Costa, M., A. Gama-Rodrigues, J. Moraes, E. Gama-Rodrigues, M.S. and da silva Aleixo. 2016. Labile and non-labile fractions of phosphorus and its transformations in soil under eucalyptus plantations, Brazil. Forests. 6: 1-15.
  21. Guo, F., and R.S. Yost. 1999. Quantifying the available soil phosphorus pool with acid ammonium oxalate method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63: 651–656.
  22. Farley, K.A., and E.F. Kelly. 2004. Effects of afforestation of paramo grassland on soil nutrient status. For. Ecol. Manage. 195: 281–290.
  23. Ivanoff, D.B., K.R. Reddy and S. Robinson.1998. Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in selected histosols.  Soil Sci. 163: 36-45.
  24. Javid, S., and D.L. Rowell. 2002. A laboratory study of the effect of time and temperature on the decline in Olsen P following phosphate addition to calcareous soils. So. Use. Mana. 18: 127–134.
  25. Jiang, B. and Y. Gu. 1989. A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils. Fertil Res. 20: 159-165.
  26. Johnson, S.E., and R.H. Loeppert. 2006. Role of organic acids in phosphate mobilization from iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70: 222–228.
  27. Kolawole, G.O., and G. Tian. 2007. Phosphorus fractionation and crop performance on an alfisols amended with phosphorus rock combined with and without plant residues. Afr. J. Biotech. 16: 1972-1978.
  28. Ku,S. 1996. Total organic phosphorus. PP: 869-919. In: D. L. Sparks. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3.
  29. Lee, C.H., C.Y. Park, K.D. Park, W.T. Jeon, and P.J. Kim. 2004. Long-term effects of fertilization on the forms and availability of soil phosphorus in rice paddy. Chemosphere. 56: 299–304.
  30. Linquist, B.A., P.W. Singleton, and K.G. Cassman. 1997. Inorganic and organic phosphorus dynamics during a build-up and decline of available phosphorus in an Ultisols. Soil Sci. 162: 254–264.
  31. Litaor, M.L., O. Reichmann, K. Auerswald, A. Haim, and M. Shenker. 2004. The geochemistry of phosphorus in peat soils of a semiarid altered wetland. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 2078–2085.
  32. Mahieu, N., D.C. Olk, E.W. Randall. 2002. Multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis of two humic acid fractions from lowland rice soils. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 421–430.
  33. Makarov, M.I., T.I. Malysheva, L. Haumaier, H.G. Alt and W. Zech. 1997. The forms of phosphorus in humic and fulvic acids of a toposequence of alpine soils in the northern Caucasus. Geoderma. 80: 61– 73.
  34. Meissner, R., P. Leinweber, H. Rupp, M. Shenker, M.I. Litaor, S. Robinson, A. Schlichting, and J. Koehn. 2008. Mitigation of diffuse phosphorus pollution during rewetting of fen peat soils: a Trans-European case study. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 188: 111–126.
  35. Mirabella, A., and S. Carcinelli. 1993. Iron oxide mineralogy in red and brown soils developed on calcareous rock in central Italy. Geoderma. 55: 95-109.
  36. Morgan, M.A. 1997. The behavior of soil and fertilizer phosphorus. In: Tunney, H., Carton, O.T., Brookes, P.C., Johnston, A.E. (Eds.), Phosphorus loss from soil to water. Cab International, Wallingford, Oxon OX108DE, UK, pp. 137–150.
  37. Mullen, M.D. 2005. Phosphorus in soils - biological interactions. pp. 210–216.In: Hillel, D. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Academic Press.
  38. Murphy, I.C.R., and J.P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta. 27: 131-143.
  39. NRCS, USDA. 2002. Field book for describing and sampling soils, version 2.0, Lincoln.
  40. Oberson, A., D.K. Friesen, I.M. Rao, S. Buhler, and E. Frossard. 2001. Phosphorus transformations in an Oxisols under contrasting land-use systems: the role of the soil microbial biomass. Plant Soil. 237: 197–210.
  41. Olsen, S.R., C.V. Cole, F.S. Watanabe, and L.A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ. 939. US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
  42. Oxmann, J.F and L. Schwendenmann,  2015. Authigenic apatite and octacalcium phosphate formation due to adsorption–precipitation switching across estuarine salinity gradients. Biogeosciences. 12: 723-738.
  43. Oyarzun, C., C. Aracena, P. Rutherford, R. Godoy, and A. Deschrijver. 2007. Effects of land use conversion from native forests to exotic plantations on nitrogen and phosphorus retention in catchments of southern Chile. Water., Air .Soil Pollut. 179: 341–350.
  44. Porder, S., P.M. Vitousek, O.A. Chadwick, C.P. Chamberlain, and G.E. Hilley. 2007. Uplift, erosion, and phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems, Ecosystems. 10: 158–170.
  45. Reddy, D.D., A.S. Rao, and T.R. Rupa. 2000. Effects of continuous use of cattle manure and fertilizer phosphorus on crop yields and soil organic in a Vertisol. Bioresource Technol. 75: 113-118.
  46. Redel, Y.D., R. Rubio, J.L. Rouanet, and F. Borie. 2007. Phosphorus bioavailability affected by tillage and crop rotation on a Chilean volcanic derived Ultisol. Geoderma. 139: 388–396.
  47. Rhoades, J.D. 1982. Cation exchange capacity. In: A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy. 9: 149-157.
  48. Saavedra, C., and A. Delgado. 2005. Phosphorus fractions and release patterns in typical Mediterranean soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: 607–615.
  49. Saleque, M.A., M.J. Adedin, Z.U. Ahmed, M.A. Hasan and M. Panaullah. 2001. Influences of phosphorus deficiency on the uptake of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and zinc in lowland rice varieties. J. Plant Nutr. 24: 1621-1632.
  50. Samadi, A. 2006. Contribution of inorganic phosphorus fractions to plant nutrition in alkaline-calcareous soils. J. Agri. Sci. Technol. 8: 77–89.
  51. Shaheen, M., C.D. Tsadilas, and S. Stamatiadis. 2007. Inorganic phosphorus forms in some entisols and aridisols of Egypt. Geoderma. 142: 217-225.
  52. Sharpley, A.N., and S.J. Smith. 1985. Fractionation of inorganic and organic phosphorus in virgin and cultivated soils.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49: 127-130.
  53. Simonson, R.W. 1959. Modern concepts of soil genesis. Outline of a generalized theory ofsoil genesis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 152–156.
  54. Smith, J.L. and J.W. Doran. 1996. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. P. 169-185. In J.W. Doran and A.J. Jones (ed.) Methods for assessing soil quality. Soil Science Society of America Spec. Publ. 49. SSSA, Madison, WI.
  55. Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12th ed. USDA. SCS. Agric. U.S. Gov.Print office. Washington. D.C.
  56. Solomon, D., J. Lehmann, T. Mamo, F. Fritzsche, W. Zech. 2002. Phosphorus forms and dynamics as influenced by land use changes in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands. Geoderma. 105: 21– 4.
  57. Sommers, L.E., and D.W. Nelson. 1997. Determination of total phosphorus in soils: A rapid percholoric acid digestion procedure. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 36: 902 – 904.
  58. Stevenson, F.J. 1986. Cycles of soils. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  59. Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. PP. 475-49. In: Sparks D L. (Ed). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  60. Turrión, M.B., O. López, F. Lafuente, R. Mulas, C. Ruipérez, and A. Puyo. 2007. Soil phosphorus forms as quality indicators of soils under different vegetation covers. Sci Total Environ. 378: 195–198.
  61. Vanaan, R., J. Hristov, N. Tanskanen, H. Haartikainen, M. Neiminen, and H. Ilveslneimi. 2008. Phosphorus sorption properties in podzolic forest soils and soil solution phosphorus concentration in undisturbed and disturbed soil profile. Boreal Env. Re. 13: 553-567.
  62. Wang, X., J.M. Jackman, R.S. Yost, and B.A. Linquist. 2000. Predicting soil phosphorus buffer coefficients using potential sorption site density and soil aggregation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 240–246.
  63. Walkley, A., and I.A. Black. 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-37.
  64. Xavier, F.A.S., E.F. Almeida, I.M. Cardoso, and E.S. Mendonca. 2011. Soil phosphorus distribution in sequentially extracted fractions in tropical coffee-agro ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest biome, Southeastern Brazil. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 89: 31–44.
  65. Yang, W., H. Cheng, F. Hao, W. Ouyang, S. Liu, and C. Lin. 2012. The influence of land-use change on the forms of phosphorus in soil profiles from the Sanjiang Plain of China. Geoderma. 190: 207-214.
  66. Zhang, H. and J.L. Kovar. 2000. Phosphorus fractionation. In Methods of Phosphorus Analysis for Soil, Sediments, Residues and Waters; Pierzynski, G.E. (ed.); Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin No. 396, NCSU: Raleigh,
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 766
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,219


counter
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب