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مطالعه اثر تنش خشکی بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 14، دوره 33، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 83، مرداد 1396، صفحه 492-508 اصل مقاله (334.5 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2017.105627.1734 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی ابراهیمی* 1؛ غلامرضا زمانی2؛ زهره علیزاده3 | ||
| 1دانش‌آموخته دکترا در رشته زراعت، گروه پژوهشی گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| با توجه به اهمیت گیاه دارویی همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) در صنایع مختلف ازجمله داروسازی، در این مطالعه تأثیرات تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکردی این گیاه دارویی بررسی شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار طی سال‌های 94-1393 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بیرجند انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه شامل تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (به‌ترتیب 80، 60، 40 و 20 درصد آب قابل‌استفاده خاک) و دو تیپ گیاه همیشه‌بهار (تیپ دارویی و تیپ زینتی) بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که با افزایش تنش، از میزان فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پروکسیداز کاسته شد و فعالیت دو آنزیم سوپراکسیددسموتاز و کاتالاز نیز در ابتدا افزایش و بعد کاهش یافت. تجمع بیش‌ازحد گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال (ROS) و ناکارآمدی سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه در مواجهه با آن احتمالاً دلیل کاهش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در بالاترین سطح تنش بوده‌است. میزان پرولین با افزایش تنش افزایش یافت، به‌طوری‌که در بالاترین سطح تنش از 4 برابر شاهد نیز بیشتر بود. با افزایش خشکی، میزان کاروتنوئیدها، کلروفیل a و b نیز به‌دلیل خسارت به غشاهای کلروپلاستی کاهش یافت. تنش خشکی علاوه‌بر خسارت به غشاء سلولی که سبب افزایش میزان MDA شد، کارایی فتوسیستم II را نیز کاهش داد. تنش خشکی همچنین وزن خشک (27%)، ارتفاع (32%)، تعداد شاخه جانبی (33%)، تعداد گل (50%) و عملکرد گل (60%) همیشه‌بهار را نیز کاهش داد. همچنین مشخص شد که پتانسیل تولید گل تیپ دارویی همیشه‌بهار (824.3 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیپ زینتی آن (654.9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بیشتر است. در کل می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی آنزیمی همیشه‌بهار از توانایی خوبی برای کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش خشکی برخوردار است. از این‌رو چنانچه فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی همیشه‌بهار به نحوی افزایش یابد، احتمالاً توانایی این گیاه برای کاهش اثرات ناشی از تنش خشکی افزایش یافته و ممکن است منجر به بهبود عملکرد آن شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال؛ غشاء سلولی؛ پرولین؛ مالون دی‌آلدهید؛ عملکرد گل | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A study on the effects of water deficit on physiological and yield-related traits of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Ebrahimi1؛ Gh.R. Zamani2؛ Z. Alizadeh3 | ||
| 1Research Group of Medicinal Plants, Jahad Daneshgahi of Southern Khorasan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| As an important medicinal plant in some industries such as pharmaceutical industry, the antioxidant capacity of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) in conferring drought stress, as well as physiological and yield-related traits were studied. A complete randomized block design with three replications was carried out in the research greenhouse of Birjand University during 2014, 2015. Four levels of drought stress (including 80, 60, 40 and 20 percent of the available soil water content) and two plant types (medicinal and ornamental) were considered in this study. According to the results, with increasing drought severity, APX activity decreased and SOD and CAT activity initially increased and then decreased. Over accumulation of reactive oxygen species along with inefficiency of the antioxidant system had possibly resulted in the impaired enzymatic antioxidant efficiency in the highest level of drought stress. Proline content increased along with increasing drought intensity, so that it was up to fourfold in the highest level of drought stress, compared to non-stressed control. Although proline is an antioxidant compound, no relationship was found between proline accumulation with antioxidant enzymes. Carotenoids, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll index all decrease, and MDA content increased with increasing drought intensity, as a result of damages to chloroplast membranes. Reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was another consequence of intensified water deficit. Drought stress also negatively affected yield related traits, so that dry weight (27%), height (32%), number of lateral branches (33%) and flowers (50%) and flower yield (60%) decreased. We also found that medicinal pot marigold (824.3 kg.ha-1) produced more flower than ornamental one (654.9 kg.ha-1). In conclusion, we found that enzymatic antioxidant system of pot marigold conferred a suitable ability to reduce adverse effects of drought-induced oxidative stress. Hence, increasing pot marigold’s antioxidant activity could result in increasing its physiological resistant to drought stress and consequently improves its yield components performance. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Reactive oxygen species, cell membrane, Proline, malondialdehyde, flower yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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