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بررسی زیست‌شناسی وکارایی دو گونه زنبور پارازیتوئید Trichogramma spp. روی تخم پروانه‌ی سفیدهی کوچک کلم Pieris rapae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 8، اسفند 1395، صفحه 39-53 اصل مقاله (289.47 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2017.112890 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| صالح پور آرین1؛ جلال شیرازی* 2؛ احمد راثی پور3 | ||
| 1گروه حشره شناسی کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، واحد علوم وتحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| 2عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور | ||
| 3گروه کشاورزی ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| مهمترین آفت کلم بعد از بید کلم، سفیدهی کوچک کلم، Pieris rapae با خسارت حدود 40% می‌باشد. لذا مطالعه‌ای به‌منظور بررسی کارایی دو گونه زنبور به‌نام‌های Trichogramma brassicae و T. evanescens برای معرفی اولیه به‌عنوان عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک سفیدهی کوچک کلم P. rapae صورت گرفت. کلیه آزمایشها در شرایط اتاق رشد با دمای 5/0±25 درجه‌ی سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 10±60 درصد و دوره‌ی نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی انجام شد. براساس مشاهدات مزرعه‌ای و داده‌های پرورش آفت در شرایط گلخانه، مشخص شد که دوران انکوباسیون تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم حدود 5 تا 7 روز بود. این حشره در شرایط مزرعه دارای پنج سن لاروی مجموعا به‌طول 20 تا 30 روز و دوره‌ی شفیرگی بین 6 تا 9 روز بود. به‌طور معمول، طول عمر حشرات نر حدود 7 و ماده حدود 10 روز ثبت گردید. بررسیهای اولیه نشان داد که طول دوره‌ی رشدی مراحل نابالغ زنبور T. brassicae و T. evanescens به‌ترتیب 15/0±43/10 و 11/0±07/10 روز و 099/0±48/10 و 093/0±17 /10روز برای افراد ماده و نر بود. به‌علاوه طول عمر زنبورهای ماده و نر در این دو گونه به‌همان ترتیب 20/0±03/2 و 24/0±40/1 روز و 16/0±68/1 و 40/0±85/1 روز به‌دست آمد و در ادامه نرخ ناخالص و خالص باروری و بارآوری برای زنبورهای T. brassicae وT. evanescens به‌ترتیب 92/51 و 46/39 تخم و 04/83 و 19/77 تخم برآورد شد. همچنین میانگین سن باروری و بارآوری خالص در زنبور T. brassicae به‌ترتیب 36/0 و 39/0 روز و برای زنبور T. evanescens 162/0 و 162/0 روز به‌دست آمد. به‌همین صورت، نتایج نشان داد نرخهای ناخالص و خالص تولید مثل زنبور T. brassice و T. evanescens روی تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم به‌ترتیب 77/22 تخم ماده / ماده و 95/12 نتاج ماده / ماده و 14/66 تخم ماده / ماده و 32/29 نتاج ماده/ ماده محاسبه‌شد. نرخهای ذاتی و متناهی افزایش جمعیت به‌ترتیب 238/0 (روز1-) و 269/1 نتاج ماده / روز و 305/0 (روز1-) و 357/1 نتاج ماده برروز برای زنبورهای T. brassicae و T. evanescens بود. مدت زمان دو برابر شدن جمعیت در همین دوگونه به‌همان ترتیب 90/2 و 265/2 روز و طول مدت یک نسل نیز 74/10 و 04/11 روز بود. نتایج حاصل از توزیع سنی پایدار جمعیت برای هر دو گونه مشخص کرد که جمعیت پایدار از حدود 98% جمعیت از مرحله ی نابالغ و 2% افراد بالغ تشکیل شده‌اند. مقایسه‌ی تمامی نتایج حاکی از برتری زنبور T. evanescens نسبت به زنبور T. brassicae روی تخم سفیدهی کوچک کلم P. rapae بود. بنابراین میتوان گفت تا این مرحله زنبور T. evanescens میتواند انتخاب بالقوه‌ای برای کنترل بیولوژیک کاربردی علیه سفیدهی کوچک کلم باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سفیدهی کوچک کلم؛ Pieris rapae؛ Trichogramma brassicae؛ T.evanescens؛ کلم؛ کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An investigation on the biology and efficiency of Trichogramma spp. on the egg of Pieris rapae under laboratory conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saleh Pourarian1؛ Jalal Shirazi2؛ Ahmad Rasipour33 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Reports have proved that Pieris rapae with 40% annual damage is the second destructive pest of cabbage after Plutella xylostella. As there are frequent chemical spray operations against the pest and due to environmental and public health hazards, an investigation was carried out to introduce a species of Trichogramma for future bio-control programs in cabbage. All experiments were carried out at 25± 0.5°C, 60± 10% RH and 16:8 L: D. Based on field observations and greenhouse rearing of P. rapae, it was revealed that egg incubation took 5-7 days. Five larval instars development enlonged 20-30 days and pupal stage period was about 6-9 days. Longevity of male and female butterflies was 7 and 10 days, respectively.Preliminary results demonstrated that immature stage development took 10.43±0.15 and 10.07±0.11 days and 10.48±0.099 and 10.17±0.093 days for female and male individuals of T. brassicae and T. evanescens, respectively. Moreover, female and male longevity was 2.03±0.20 and 1.40±0.24 days and 1.68±0.16 and 1.85±0.40 days for both species, respectively. Further analysis showed that gross and net fecundity and fertility for T. brassicae and T. evanescens were 51.92 and 39.46 eggs/ female and 83.04 and 77.19 eggs/female, respectively. Similarly, mean age net fecundity and fertility in the same order species were 0.36 and 0.39 days and 0.162 and 0.162 days, respectively. Data analysis on reproductive attributes revealed thegross and net reproductive rates for T. brassicae and T. evanescens on eggs of P. rapae obtained as 22.77 female egg/female and 12.95 female progeny/female and 66.14 female egg/female and 29.32 female progeny/female, respectively. Similarly, intrinsic (rm) and finite (l) rates of increase were calculated as 0.238 (day-1) and 1.269 female progeny/day and 0.305 (day -1) and 1.357 female progeny/day for T. brassicae and T. evanescens, respectively. Doubling times were 2.90 and 2.265 days and generation times were calculated as 10.74 and 11.04 days for the same species, respectively. Also results proved that in both parasitoids immature stages accounted for about 98 percent and adults for 2% of the population in the age distribution of the stable population. For final conclusion, it could be said that almost all T. evanescens life history parameters on eggs of P. rapae were superior compared to those of T. brassicae. Therefore, it would be a potential candidate for future bio-control programs for small cabbage butterfly. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| small cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae, Trichogramma brassicae, T. evanescens, cabbage, biological control | ||
| مراجع | ||
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