Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of deadwoods in mixed beech-hornbeam stands in the optimal stage (Case study: Kheyrood forest, Nowshahr) | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| Article 4, Volume 25, Issue 3 - Serial Number 69, January 0, Pages 386-397 PDF (337.81 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research article | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/ijfpr.2017.112873 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Vahid Etemad1; Morteza Moridi* 2; Masoud Delfan Azary3; Mehdi Kakavand4 | ||
| 1Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Ph.D. Student, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3M.Sc. Student Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Ph.D. Student Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Study of natural stands structure as well as knowledge of developmental stages and dynamic process in the natural forest stands for applying close to nature silviculture methods, ensures multiple functions of forests such as ecological balance and socio-economic needs assessment. The aim of this study was to quantification of the structural characteristics of natural mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the optimal stage. For this purpose three sample plots, each one ha (100 × 100m), were selected in the compartment 326 of Gorazbon district in the research and educational Kheyrood forest, and height and diameter at breast height (dbh) of all trees with dbh larger than 7.5 cm, as well as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of deadwoods were recorded. Results showed that hornbeam and beech were the most frequent species in the sample plots with frequency of 52.8 and 37.7 percent, respectively. Mean volume of the stands was 629.2 m3 ha-1, whereas the mean volume of deadwoods was 13.4 m3 ha-1. Diameter distribution of live trees and deadwoods indicated the maximum presence of trees and deadwoods in the small timber size (< 35 cm diameter) class. Height distribution of hornbeam and beech trees indicated the maximum frequency in the height classes with less than 15 meter and 15 to 30 meter, respectively and beech was the dominant species in the upper layer. The results of this study which was conducted in the control compartment could be used as a basis in other forest stands for silvicultural, harvesting and rehabilitation operations. | ||
| References | ||
|
- Alijani, V., Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Akhavan, R., 2014. Quantifying structure of intact beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands at different development stages (Case study: Kelardasht area, Mazandaran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(3): 396-410 (In Persian). - Alijanpour, A., Eshaghi Rad, J. and Banej Shafiei, A., 2011. Effect of physiographical factors on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Cornus mas L. in Arasbaran forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(3): 396-407 (In Persian). - Amiri, M., Rahmani, R., Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Habashi, H., 2013. Dynamics and structural characteristics of a natural unlogged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand during a 5-year period in Shast Kalate forest, northern Iran. International Journal of Environmental Resources Research, 1(2): 107-129. - Anonymous, 2003. Forest Management Plan of Kheyroud Forest, District No: 3 (Gorazbon), University of Tehran, Karaj, 375p (In Persian). - Asli, A. and Nedialkov, S.T., 1973. Recherches sur la structure des peuplements vierges de hêtre oriental (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), dans les futaies du Nord de l'Iran. Silva Gandavensis, 38: 9-23. - Chen, H.Y.H. and Popadiouk, R.V., 2002. Dynamics of north American boreal mixed woods. Environmental Reviews, 10(3): 137-166. - Delfan Abazeri, B., Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Namiranian, M., 2004. Investigation of development stage of control part in beech forest (Case study: reserve area-Lenga). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 12(3): 307-326 (In Persian). - Emborg, J., Christensen, M. and Heilmann-Clausen, J., 2000. The structural dynamics of Suserop Skov, a near natural temperate deciduous forest in Denmark. Forest Ecology and Management, 126: 173-179. - Etemad, V., 2002. Study of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of beech tree seed in Mazandaran province. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, 258p (In Persian). - Hassani, M. and Amani, M., 2009. Investigation on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of oriental beech in the optimal phase (Case study: Sangdeh, Caspian forests of Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 17(1): 134-148 (In Persian). - Hassani, M. and Amani, M., 2010. Investigation on structure of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand at optimal stage in Sangdeh forest. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18: 163-176 (In Persian). - Huber, M.O., 2011. Statistical models to identify stand development stages by means of stand characteristics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41: 111-123. - Kakavand, M., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Sefisi, K., 2015. Structural diversity of mixed beech stands in the middle stage of succession, case study: Gorazbon, Kheyrood forest, Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(3): 411-422 (In Persian). - Korpel, S., 1982. Degree of equilibrium and dynamical changes of the forest an example of natural forests of Slovakia. Acta Facultatis, Forestails, Zvolen, 24: 9-30. - Korpel, S., 1995. Die Urwälder der Westkarpaten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 310p. - Leibundgut, H., 1959. Über zweck und methodik der struktur-und zuwachsanalyse von urwäldern. Schweizerische Zeitsschrift für Forstwesen, 110: 111-124. - Leibundgut, H., 1993. Europäische Urwälder. Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern and Stuttgart, 308p. - Mataji, A. and Namiranian, M., 1999. Investigation of stand structure and development stages in natural beech forests of northern Iran (Case study: Kheyroudkenar-Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 55(4): 531-541 (In Persian). - Mohammadi, J., Shataei, Sh. and Namiranian, M., 2014. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forests structure and composition in natural and managed forest stands (Case study: Shastkalate forests of Gorgan). Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 21(1): 65-83 (In Persian). - Moridi, M., Etemad, V., Kakavand, M., Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Alibabaee Omran, E., 2016a. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of deadwood in the different development stages in mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands (Case study: Gorazbon district, Kheyroud forest of Nowshahr). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 23(4): 647-659 (In Persian). - Moridi, M., Etemad, V., Sefidi, K., Namiranian, M. and Sadeghi, S.M.M., 2016b. Mortality of trees in the stem exclusion phase over the beech stand development. Journal of Forest and Wood Product, 68(4(: 931-943 (In Persian). - Moridi, M., Sefidi, K. and Etemad, V., 2015. Stand characteristics of mixed oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the stem exclusion phase, northern Iran. European Journal of Forest Research, 134(4): 693-703. - Parhizkar, P., Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Mattaji, A., Namiranian, M., Hasani, M. and Mortazavi, M., 2011. Tree and regeneration conditions within development stages in Kelardasht beech forest (Case study: reserve area-Langa). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(3): 234-240 (In Persian). - Sagheb Talebi, Kh., 2014. Appropriate characteristics of beech stands for application of close to nature silviculture (selection system). Final Report of National Research Project, Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 123p (In Persian). - Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Delfan Abazari, B. and Namiranian, M., 2003. Description of decay stage in a natural Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest in Iran, preliminary results: 130-134. In: Commarmot, B. and Hamor, F.D. (Eds.). Natural Forests in the Temperate Zone of Europe-values and Utilization. Proceedings of the Conference in Mukachevo. Ukraine, 13-17 Oct. 2003. - Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Delfan Abazari, B. and Namiranian, M., 2005. Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests of Iran. Swiss Forestry Journal, 156(12): 477-480. - Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Mattaji, A. and Zahedi Amiri, Gh., 2004. Stand structure and development stages in two different forest communities of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in northern Iran: 101-104. In: Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Madsen, P. and Terazawa, K. (Eds.). Improvement and Silviculture of Beech. Proceedings of the 7th International Beech Symposium, IUFRO Research Group 1.10.00. Tehran, 10-20 May. 2004. - Sagheb Talebi, Kh. and Schütz J.P., 2012. Some criteria of regeneration density in young beech populations. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(1): 61-66. - Saniga, M. and Schütz, J.P., 2001. Dynamics of changes in deadwood share in selected beech virgin forests in Slovakia within their development cycle. Journal of Forest Science, 47(12): 557-565. - Tabaku, V., 2000. Struktur von Buchen-Urwäldern in Albanien im Vergleich mit deutschen Buchen-Naturwaldreservaten und-Wirtschaftswäldern. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 220p (In German). - Von Oheimb, G., Westphal, Ch., Tempel, H. and Härdtle, W., 2005. Structural pattern of a near-natural beech forest (Fagus sylvatica) (Serrahn, northeast Germany). Forest Ecology and Management, 212(1): 253-263. - Zenner, E.K., Sagheb Talebi, Kh., Akhavan, R. and Peck, J.E., 2015. Integration of small-scale canopy dynamics smoothes live-tree structural complexity across development stages in old-growth oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests at the multi-gap scale. Forest Ecology and Management, 335: 26-36. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 967 PDF Download: 754 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb