| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,168 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,197 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,932,560 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,938,109 |
تاثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر ذخیره کربن آلی و برخی ویژگیهای بیولوژیکی خاک در بخشی از حوزهی آبخیز رکعت در استان خوزستان | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 16، دوره 24، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 181-192 اصل مقاله (465.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2017.109859 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پریسا حیدری1؛ سعید حجتی* 2؛ نعیمه عنایتی ضمیر3؛ امیر رعیت پیشه4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، خوزستان ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران | ||
| 4کارشناس ارشد، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان خوزستان، اهواز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| خاک اصلیترین منبع کربن در اکوسیستمهای خشکی است، اما فعالیتهای انسان در سراسر جهان از جمله تغییر کاربری اراضی منجر به کاهش قابل توجه کربن خاک گردیده است. به نظر میرسد که در طول قرن گذشته تغییر گسترده کاربری اراضی موجب هدر رفت بخش عظیمی از کربن آلی خاکها شده است. از اینرو این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تاثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی از مرتع به زراعت بر ذخیره کربن آلی (C Stock) و برخی شاخصهای بیولوژیکی خاک شامل (کربن آلی کل (SOC)، تنفس پایه خاک (BSR)، کربن زیست توده میکروبی (MBC)، نسبت میکروبی (MQ) و ضریب فعالیت متابولیکی (qCO2)) در شرق استان خوزستان (حوزه آبخیز رکعت) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور نمونههای خاک در هشت تکرار از لایههای 15-0 و 30-15 سانتیمتری در هر دو کاربری تهیه شدنددر این آزمایش مقادیر qCO2 ، میزان SOC، MBC و MQدر کاربری کشاورزی نسبت به مرتع طبیعیتفاوت معنی داری نداشتند ولی مقدار ذخیره کربن آلی خاک نیز در کاربری کشاورزی در لایههای 15-0 و 30-15 سانتیمتری با مقادیر 5/19، 3/8 تن بر هکتار نسبت به مرتع طبیعی (7/29، 9/15 تن بر هکتار) به ترتیب 34 و 47 درصد کاهش یافت. مقدار SOC در کاربری کشاورزی در لایههای سطحی و زیرسطحی خاک (47/8، 28/5 گرم برکیلوگرم خاک) نسبت به مرتع طبیعی (29/13، 55/6 گرم برکیلوگرم خاک) 36 و 19درصد کاهش داشت. همچنینMBC در لایههای 15-0 و 30-15 سانتیمتری خاک در کاربری کشاورزی نسبت به مرتع طبیعی به میزان 60 و 71 درصد کاهش، MQ به میزان 37 و 65 درصد کاهش و qCO2 به میزان 4-3 برابر افزایش نشان دادند.بطور کلی تغییر کاربری اراضی موجب هدر رفت قابل توجه کربن آلی کل و تقریباً نیمی از ذخیره کربن آلی در سطح خاک شده است. کم شدن مقدار کربن آلی در کاربری کشاورزی موجب کاهش قابل توجهی در کربن زیست توده میکروبی نسبت به سایر صفات گردیده است که میتوان آن را یک شاخص کلیدی در ارزیابی تغییرات کربن آلی خاک به حساب آورد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ذخیره کربن؛ کاربری اراضی؛ مرتع؛ زراعت زیست توده میکروبی؛ تنفس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of land use change on C stock and some biological characteristics of soils in parts of Rakaat watershed, east of Khuzestan province | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| parisa heydari1؛ Saeid Hojati2؛ naieme enayati3؛ amir raiat pishe4 | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Soil is a major reservoir of terrestrial carbon, but human activities around the world including land use change lead to a significant emission of carbon from the soil. It seems that soil organic carbon has been significantly decreased due to the land use changes over the last century in Iran. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of land use change (rangeland to agriculture) on organic carbon stock and some biological indices of soil quality (soil organic carbon (SOC), basal soil respiration (BSR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (MQ), and metabolic coefficient (qCO2) in east of Khuzestan province. Soil samples were collected in eight replicates and two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) in both land uses. Results showed that except qCO2, the amount of TOC, MBC, and MQ in agricultural use decreased significantly as compared to rangeland. According to the results, C stock of agricultural lands in 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers was 19.5 and 8.3 Mgha-1, showing 34 and 47 percent decrease when compared to natural rangeland with 29.7 and15.9 Mgha-1 C stock. The SOC content in 0-10 cm soil layers of agricultural use and natural rangeland was (8.47 and 5.28 gKg-1) and (13.29, 6.55 gKg-1), respectively, demonstrating 60 and 71 percent reduction in agricultural lands. In addition, in 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers of agricultural lands, MBC (60 and 71 percent), MQ (37 and 65 percent) showed reduction and qCO2 increased 3-4 times when compared to natural rangeland. Results show that agricultural activities lead to considerable loss in total organic carbon and half of organic carbon stock in the soil. Limitation of organic carbon in agricultural land use makes noticeable reduction in MBC than other properties. Thus, it can be used as a suitable indicator for monitoring changes of organic carbon in the soil. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| carbon stock, land use, Microbial biomass, rangeland, respiration | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
کاشی، ح.، قربانی، ه.، امامقلی زاده، ص.، هاشمی، ع.، 1390. اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک (مطالعهی موردی اراضی پخش سیلاب قوشه و زمینهای زراعی مجاور آن واقع در استان سمنان). علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب و خاک، 67: 187-199. وثوقی هکانی، ع.، 1385. مطالعات تفضیلی اجرائی آبخیزداری زیر حوزه رکعت از حوزه سد کارون3. سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خوزستان، مدیریت آبخیزداری. -Anderson, J. P. E.1982., Soil respiration: 831-871. In: Page, A.L. and Miller, R.H. (Eds.). Methods of soil analysis, Part2: Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. -Anderson,T. H., 2003. Microbial eco-physiological indicators to assess soil quality. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 98: 285-293. - Ayoubi, S., Khormali, F., Sahrawat, K. L. and Rodriguesde-lima, A. C., 2011. Assessing impact of land use change on soil quality indicators in a loessial soil in Golestan province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 13: 727-742. - Ayoubi, S., Emami, N., Ghaffari, N., Honarjoo, N. and Sahrawat, K. L., 2014. Pasture degradation effects on soil quality indicators at different hillslope positions in a semiarid region of western Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71: 375–381. -Beheshti, A., Raiesi, F. and Golchin., A., 2011. The Effects of Land Use Conversion from Pasturelands to Croplands on Soil Microbiological and Biochemical Indicators. Journal of Water and Soil, 25(3): 548-562. -Bredja, J. J., Moorman, T. B., Karlen, D. L. and Dao, T. H., 2000. Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators, Central and Southern High Plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 2115–2124. -Bremner, J. M. and Mulvaney, C. S., 1982. Total Nitrogen: 595-624. In: Page, A.L. and Miller, R.H. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. -Breuer, L., Huisman, J. A., Keller, T. and Frede, H. G., 2006. Impact of a conversion from cropland to grassland on C and N storage and related soil properties: analysis of a 60-year chronosequence. Geoderma, 133 (1–2): 6–18. -Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil & Tillage Research, 83: 270-277. -Eleftheriadis, A. and Turrión, M. B., 2014. Soil microbiological properties affected by land use, management, and time since deforestations and crop establishment. European Journal of Soil Biology, 62: 138-144. -Ferras, L. A., Costa, J. L., Garcia, F.O. and Pecorari, C., 2000. Effect of no tillage on some soil physical properties of a structural degraded petrocalcic paleudoll of southern Pampa of Argentina. Soil &Tillage Research, 54: 31-39. -Golchin, A. and Asgari, H., 2008. Land use effects on soil quality indicators in northeastern Iran. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46: 27–36. -Gregorich, E. G., Greer, K. J., Anderson, D. W. and Liang, B. C., 1998. Carbon distribution and losses: erosion and deposition effects. Soil &Tillage Research, 47: 291–302. -Guo, L. B. and Gifford, R. M., 2002. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a metal analysis. Global Change Biology 8: 345–360. -Iqbal, J., Ronggui, H., Lijun, D., Lan, L., Shan, L., Tao, C. and Leilei, R., 2008. Differences in soil CO2 flux between different land use types in mid-subtropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40: 2324–2333. -Iqbal, J., Ronggui, H., Feng, M., Lin, S., Malghani, S. and Mohamed Ali, I., 2010. Microbial biomass, and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen strongly affect soil respiration in different land uses: A case study at Three Gorges Reservoir Area, South China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 137: 294–307. -Islam K. R. and Weil, R. R., 2000. Soil quality indicator properties in mid- Atlantic soils as influenced by conservation management. Soil and Water Conservation Journal, 55: 69–78. -Jackson, M. L., 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. -Jenkinson, D. S. and Ladd, J. N., 1981. Microbial biomass in soil: measurement and turnover: 415–57. In: Paul, E.A. and Ladd, J. N., (Eds.). Soil Biochemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York. -Jobbagy, E. G., Jackson, R. B., 2000. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecological Applications 10: 423–436. -Khormali, F. and Shamsi, S., 2009. Study of soil quality and micromorphology at different sloped loess land use in the eastern of Golestan province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16: 14-29. -Lal, R., 1997. Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2-enrichment. Soil Tillage & Research, 43: 81–107. -Lal, R., 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304: 1623–1627. -Li, B., Tang, H., Wu, L., Li, Q. and Zhou, C., 2012. Relationships between the soil organic carbon density of surface soils and the influencing factors in differing land uses in Inner Mongolia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65:195–202. -Moscatelli,M. C., Lagomarsino, A., Marinari, S., DeAngelis, P. and Grego, S., 2005. Soil microbial indices as bioindicators of environmental changes in a poplar plantation. Ecological indicators, 5: 171–179. -Murty, D., Kirschbaum, M. U., McMurtrie, R. E. and Mcgilvray, H., 2002. Does conversion of forest to agricultural land change soil carbon and nitrogen? A review of the literature. Global Change Biology, 8: 105-123. -Ndiay, E. L., Sandeno, J. M., McGrath, D. and Dick, R. P., 2000.Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15:20-36. -Parras-Alcántara, L., Martín-Carrillo, M. and Lozano-García, B., 2013. Impacts of land use change in soil carbon and nitrogen in a Mediterranean agricultural area (Southern Spain). Solid Earth, 4: 167–177. -Poeplau, C. and Don, A., 2013. Sensitivity of soil organic carbon stocks and fractions to different land-use changes across Europe. Geoderma, 192: 189–201. -Post, W. M. and Kwon, K. C., 2000. Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential. Global Change Biology, 6: 317-327. -Powlson, D.S., Whitmore, A.P. and Goulding, K. W. T., 2011. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: a critical re-examination to identify the true and the false. European Journal of Soil Science, 62: 42-55. -Raich, J. W. and Schlesinger, W. H., 1992. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus B, 44: 81–99. -Raiesi, F., 2007. The conversion of overgrazed pastures to almond orchards and alfalfa cropping systems may favor microbial indicators of soil quality in Central Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 12: 309–318. -Saggar, S., Yeates, G.W. and Sheperd, T.G., 2001. Cultivation effects on soil biological properties, microfauna and organic matter dynamics in Eutric Gleysol and Gleyic Luvisol soils in New Zealand. Soil &Tillage Research, 58: 55-68. -Schuman, G. E., Janzen, H. H. and Herrick, J. E., 2002. Soil carbon dynamics and potential carbon sequestration by rangelands. Environmental Pollution, 116: 391–396. -Solomon, D., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W., 2000. Land use effects on soil organic matter properties of chromic luvisols in the semiarid tropics: carbon, nitrogen, lignin and carbohydrates. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 78: 203–213. -Sicardi, M., Garcia-Prechac F. and Frioni L., 2004. Soil microbial indicators sensitive to land use conversion from pastures to commercial Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden) plantations in Uruguay. Applied Soil Ecology, 27: 125–133. - Shahriari Geraei, D., Hojati, S., Landi, A. and Faz Cano, A., 2016. Total and labile forms of soil organic carbon as affected by land use changes in southwestern Iran. Geoderma Regional, 7: 29-37. -Sollins, P., Spycher, G. and Topik, C., 1983. Processes of soil organic-matter accretion at a Mudflow Chronosequence, Mt. Shasta, California. Ecology, 64: 1273-1282. -Suman, A., Lal, M., Singh, A.K. and Gaur, A., 2006. Microbial biomass turnover in Indian subtropical soils under different sugarcane intercropping systems. Agronomy Journal, 98: 698–704. -Turco, R. F., Kennedy, A. C. and Jawson, M. D., 1994. Microbial indicators of soil quality: 73–90. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D. C., Bezdicek, D. F and Stewart, B. A. (Eds.). Defining Soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication, Number 35, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. -Vagen,T. G., Andrianorofanomezana, M. A. A. and Andrianorofanomezana, S., 2006. Deforestation and cultivation effects on characteristics of Oxisols in the highlands of Madagascar. Geoderma, 131: 190-200. -Vance,W. H., Brookes, P. C. and Jenkinson, D. J.,1987.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19: 703–707. -Walkley, A. and Black, I. A., 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29–38. -Wardle, D. A., 1992. A comparative-assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels in soil. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 67: 321–358. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,171 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,223 |
||