| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,576 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,214,520 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,565,011 |
بررسی اثرات بهینه‌سازی کاربری اراضی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و شاخص فرسایش پذیری آن در مراتع آوارد | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 24، شماره 1، خرداد 1396، صفحه 80-88 اصل مقاله (242.74 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2017.109851 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زهرا جعفری1؛ حمید نیک نهاد قرماخر* 2؛ مریم قاسمی3؛ عیسی جعفری1 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
| 3دانش آموخته کارشناسی مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تبدیل جنگل‌ها و مراتع به اراضی کشاورزی، امروزه در سطح دنیا نگرانی‌های زیادی را در زمینه تخریب خاک، محیط زیست و تغییر اقلیم جهانی پدید آورده است. مطالعه تغییرات خصوصیات خاک در اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی، ضروری است و جهت شناخت مدیریت‌های پایدار در هر منطقه به‌منظور جلوگیری از تخریب خاک، ایجاد و تثبیت تولید پایدار و نیز اهداف زیست محیطی می‌تواند راه‌حل مفیدی باشد. در دهه‌های گذشته بخش‌های وسیعی از مراتع آوارد به اراضی کشاورزی تبدیل شده‌اند و در سال‌های اخیر، احداث باغ‌های مثمر در این اراضی زراعی کم بازده مطرح گردیده است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثرات تغییر کاربری اراضی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی - شیمیایی خاک در منطقه آوارد انجام شد. بعد از شناسایی منطقه از طریق پیمایش صحرایی و با استفاده از دستگاه GPS، 3 نمونه مرکب خاک از عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متر هر تیمار (مرتع، زراعت غلات ، زراعت حبوبات، باغ گردو و باغ گردو- سیب ) برداشت شد و جهت تعیین برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل: بافت خاک، پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، درصد تخلخل کل،کربن آلی، اسیدیته و هدایت الکتریکی به آزمایشگاه خاک‌شناسی منتقل شد. شاخص فرسایش‌پذیری خاک نیزبا استفاده از رابطه نسبت رس اصلاح شده، محاسبه شد. به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA) استفاده گردید. سپس به‌منظور مقایسه میانگین‌ها از آزمون توکی در سطح معنی‌داری 5 درصد استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که احداث باغ‌های مثمر در اراضی زراعی کم بازده، بر پایداری خاکدانه‌ها و هدایت الکتریکی خاک اثر مثبت معنی‌داری(05/0P<) نهاده است، اما بر سایر خصوصیات از جمله کربن آلی خاک اثر معنی‌داری نگذاشته است(05/0P>). با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، می‌توان چنین نتیجه‌گیری نمود که حفظ مراتع طبیعی مناسب‌ترین کاربری اراضی در منطقه مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. در اراضی زراعی کم بازده منطقه مورد مطالعه نیز، احداث باغ‌های مثمر پیشنهاد می‌گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تغییر کاربری؛ خاک؛ زراعت؛ باغ؛ مرتع؛ هزارجریب بهشهر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| land use optimization on some physical and chemical properties of soil and its erodibility index in Avard rangelands | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| zahra jafari1؛ Hamid Niknahad gharmakher2؛ maryam ghasemi3؛ isa jafari1 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Todays, conversion of forests and rangelands to croplands has made concern about soil and environmental degradation and global climate change. Knowledge of the effects of land use change on soil properties is necessary and can be a solution for identifying sustainable managements in any region in order to prevent soil degradation and reach to sustainable production and environmental purposes, either. In the past decades, large part of Avard rangelands has been converted to croplands. In recent years, gardening on these low efficiency agricultural lands has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gardening on some soil physical and chemical properties compared with rangeland and cropland in Avard region. At first, the study area was identified by field survey and then, three composite soil samples were obtained from depth of 0-30 cm of key area of each treatment (rangeland, walnut Garden, walnut – apple garden, cereal farm, and frijol farm). Some soil physical and chemical properties including texture, aggregate stability, bulk density and porosity, organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured in laboratory and soil erodibility index was calculated by using the modified clay ratio relation. Data analysis was performed by SPSS.16.0 software and one way analysis of variance. In order to compare the means of studied parameters, tukey test at a significance level of 5% was applied. The results demonstrated that soil aggregate stability and electrical conductivity were significantly improved (P<0.5) as a result of gardening on the low efficiency agricultural lands, but other soil properties such as soil organic carbon were not significantly improved (P>0.5). According to the results, it can be concluded that the best land use in the study area is natural rangelands. Establishment of orchards in the low efficiency arable lands of the study area is recommended, either. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Land use change, soil, cultivation, Orchard, rangeland, Hezarjerib Behshahr | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Angers, D. A. and Mehuys, G. R., 1993. Aggregate stability to water. 651-657. In: Carter M. R. (Eds.), Soil Sampling and Methods of analysis, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.. Aguilar, R., Kelly, E. F. and Heil, R. D., 1988. Effect of cultivation on soil in northern great plains rangeland. J. Soil Sciences Society of America, 52:1081-1085. Bewket, W. and Stroosnijder, I., 2003, Effects of Agro-ecological Land Use Succession on Soil Properties in Chemoga Watershed, Blue Nil Basins, Ethiopia. Geoderma, 111: 85-95. Blake, G. R. and Hartge, K. H., 1986. Bulk density. 9: 363-382. In: Klute, A. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy. Bronick, G. J. and Lal, R., 2005. Manuring and rotation effect on soil organiccarbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 81:239-252. Bouyoucos, G. J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465. Carter, M. R., 2002. Soil quality for sustainable land management: organic matter and aggregation interactions that maintain soil functions. Agronomy Journal, 94: 38-47. Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research, 83: 270-277. Chaneton, E. J. and Lavado, R. S., 1996. Soil nutrients and salinity after long-term grazing exclusion in a flooding pampa grassland. Journal of Rang Management, 49: 182-187. Doran J. W. and Parkin, B. T., 1994. Defining and assessing soil quality. 113-167.In: Doran, J. W., Coleman, D. C., Bezdicek, D. F., Stewart, B. A. (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. Soil Science Society of America. Ferreras, L. A., Costa, F. O. G. and Pecorari, C., 2000. Effect of no tillage on some soil physical properties of a structural degraded Petrocalcic Pale doll of the southern Pampa of Argentina. Soil and Tillage Research, 54:31-39. Franzluebbers, A. J., Stuedemann, J. A., Schomberg, H. H. and Wilkinson, S. R., 2000.Soil organic C and N pools under long-term pasture management in the Southern Piedmont USA. Journal of Soil Biology &Biochem. 32:469-478. Hajabbasi, M. A., Jalalian, A. and Karimzadeh, H. R., 1997. Deforestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant and Soil 190: 301-308. Haynes, R. J., 1999. Size and activity of the soil microbial biomass under grass and arable management. Biology Fertility Soils, 30: 210-216. Jaiyeoba, I. A., 2003. Changes in soil properties due to continu- ous cultivation in Nigerian semiarid savannah. Soil and Tillage Research, 70: 91–98. Kavdir, Y., Ozcan, H., Ekinci, H. and Yigini, Y., 2004. The influence of clay content, organic carbon and land use types on soil aggregate stability and tensile strength. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 28: 155-162. Kemper W. D. and Rosenau, , R. C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution: 425-442.In: klute, , A., (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. Khademi, H. and kheir, H., 1383. Variability some of topsoil quality indicators in landscape scale in range lands around the city Semirom. Sience and Technology Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2: 59-73. Kiani, F., Jalalian, A., Pashaee, A., and Khademi, H., 2004. Effect of deforestation on selected soil quality attributes in loess-derived landforms of Golestan province, northern Iran. Proc. 4th Intern. Iran & Russia Conference,546-550. Kumar K, Tripathi, S. K, Bhatia, K. S., 1995. Erodibility characteristics of Rendhar Watershed soils of Bundelkhand. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation, 23:200-204. Likens, G. E., Bormann, F. H., Johnson, N. M. and Fisher, D. W., 1970. Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the H. Brooke watershed-ecosystem. Ecology Monographs, 40: 23-41. Lu, D., Moran, E. and Mausel, P., 2002. Linking Amazonian secondary succession forest growth to soil properties, Land Degradation and Development, 13: 331-343. Mahmoodi, Sh. and Hakimian, M., 1999. Fundamentals of soil science. Tehran University Press, Iran, 701p. Martinez-Mena, M., Lopez, J., Almagro, M., Boix-Fayos, V. and Albaladejo, J., 2008. Effect of Water Erosion and Cultivation on the Soil Carbon Stock in a Semiarid Area of South-East Spain. Soil and Tillage Research, 99:119-129. Mirakhorlou, K., Amin Amlashi, M., KarimiDoust, A., Jafari, B., Noki, Y. and Amani, M., 2006. Investigation on boundary changes of northern forests of Iran using remotely sensed data. Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland Karaj (Iran). Report No 28021. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Liming to improve soil quality in acid soils. Soil Quality-Agronomy Technical Note, No. 8.USDA. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), USDA., 1996. Soil quality information sheet. Soil Quality Indicators. Nelson, R. E., 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. 237-352.In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Page, A. L. (Eds) American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Page, M. C., Sparks, D. L. Woll, M. R. and Hendricks, G. J., 1987. Kinetics and mechanisms of potassium release from sandy mMiddle Atlantic coastal plain Soils. Soil Sciences Society American Journal, 51:1460-1465. NiknahadGharemekhar, H. and Mraramai, M., 1390. Study effects of land use change on soil physical properties kckik watershed. Research project. 40p. Sanchez-Maranon, M., Soriano, M., Delgado, G. and Delgado, R., 2002. Soil quality in Mediterranean mountain environment: effect of land use change. Journal of Soil Sciences Society of America, 66: 948-958. Shepherd, T. G., Saggar Newman, R. H., Ross, C. W. and Dando, J. L., 2001. Tillage induced changes in soil structure and soil organic matter fractions. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 39: 465-489. Six, J., Paustian, K., Elliott, E. T., and Combrink, C., 2000. Soil structure and organic matter. I. Distribution of aggregate-size classes and aggregate-associated carbon. Journal of Soil Sciences Society, 64:681-689. Solomon, D., Fritzsche, F., Tekalign, M., Lemann, J., and Zech, W., 2002.Soil organic matter composition in subhumid Ethiopian Highlands as Influenced by deforrestation and agricultural management. Soil Sciences Society American Journal, 66: 68-82. Spaans, E. J. A., Baltissen, G. A. M., Miedema, R., Lansu, A. L. E., Schoonderbeek, D. and Wielemaker, W. G. 1989. Changes in physical properties of young and old volcanic surface soils in Costa Rica after clearing of tropical rain forest.Hydrology Proceeding, 3: 383-392. Vagen, T. G., Andrianorofanomezana, M. A. A. and Andrianorofanomezana, S., 2006. Deforestation and cultivation effects on characteristics of Oxisols in the highlands of Madagascar.Geoderma, 131: 190-200. Velayutham, M., 2000. Organic carbon stock in soil of India.Glob.Clim. Tropical Ecosystem, 28: 71-95. Wali, M. K., Evrendilek, F., West, T., Watts, S., Pant, D., Gibbs, H. and McClead, B., 1999. Assessing terrestrial ecosystem sustainability usefulness of regional carbon and nitrogen models.Natural Resources, 35: 20-33. Yimer, F., Ledin, S. and Abdelkadir, A., 2007.Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in three adjacent land use types in the Bale Mountains, south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Journal of Forest Ecology. and Management, 242: 337-342. Yousefifard, M. Khademi, H. and Jalalian. A., 2007. Decline in soil quality as a result of land use change in Cheshmeh Ali region, ChaharmahalBakhtiari Province. Jounal of Cultivated Science Nature Resource. 14(1):25-39. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 848 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 533 |
||