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بهینه سازی تولید انبوه زادمایه گونه های فوزاریوم در زمان کوتاه | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 17، دوره 84، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 103، اسفند 1395، صفحه 21-31 اصل مقاله (1.65 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: بیماریشناسی گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2017.109009 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد مرادی* 1؛ هاینز ویلهلم دِهنِه2؛ ُالریکه اشتاینر2؛ اریک کریستین اُرکهِ2 | ||
| 1* گروه فن آوری و مدیریت تولید، پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان- ایران؛ ** بخش بیماریهای گیاهی، موسسه علوم کشاورزی و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بن، آلمان | ||
| 2بخش بیماریهای گیاهی، موسسه علوم کشاورزی و حفاظت از منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بن، آلمان | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در مقاله حاضر روشی بهبود یافته برای تولید کنیدیوم در تعدادی از گونه های فوزاریوم عامل بلایت خوشه گندم مورد بررسی و با روش رایج آن مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. در این روش، گونه هایی از Fusarium در محیط مایع سیبزمینی دکستروز (PDB) به مدت سه روز کشت و پس از آن بر روی محیطهای کشت آگاری به میزان مساوی در تشتکهای پتری پخش شدند. برای حذف آب اضافی، تشتکهای پتری به مدت 20 تا 30 دقیقه در هود لامینار خشک قرار داده شدند. پس از آن در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس به مدت سه روز برای تولید اینوکولوم نگهداری شدند. برای سنجش توانایی اینوکلوم در ایجاد بیماری، خوشههای گندم در اواسط گلدهی مایهزنی و فراوانی آلودگی، شدت بیماری زایی و همچنین زیست توده قارچی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. روش بهبود یافته باعث القاء تولید کنیدی در مقادیر زیاد در واحد سطح و تا 70 برابر بیشتر از روش رایج گردید. متوسط تعداد کنیدی تولید شده در گونههای فوزاریوم مورد استفاده در روش رایج و بهبود یافته به ترتیب از 8/0 تا 6/38 و 106* 156 تا 56 (در تشتک پتری) متغیر بود. تفاوتی از نظر مورفولوژی تولید کنیدی در هر دو روش مشاهده نگردید. از نظر آماری تفاوتی در میزان بیماری تولید شده ناشی از مایه تلقیح دو روش مشاهده نگردید ((P≤0.05. مشاهدات میکروسکوپی حاکی از نرخ بالای تولید کنیدی از فیالیدها روی میسلیومها بود. مطالعه حاضر باعث تسهیل تحقیقات روی جنبه های مختلف گونههای فوزاریوم زمانی که میزان زیادی مایه تلقیح مورد نیاز است میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کنیدی زایی؛ بلایت فوزاریومی خوشه گندم؛ اسپورزایی؛ کنیدی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Improved procedure for mass inoculum production of Fusarium species in a short period of time | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. MORADI1؛ Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne2؛ Ulrike Steiner2؛ Erich-Christian Oerke2 | ||
| 1Head of Technology and Crop Production Department- Pistachio Research Center | ||
| 2Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| An improved method of conidia production is described and compared to a conventional method growing Fusarium species on LSPDA medium under near-ultraviolet (NUV) light for 21 days. In the improved procedure, Fusarium spp. were grown in PDB for three days and subsequently spread as aliquots onto LSPDA, SNPMA and WA media. To remove excess water, the cultures were dried in a laminar flow cabinet for 20 to 30 min. Air-dried plates were incubated under NUV light at 25 ºC for 3 days. To compare aggressiveness of conidia produced by either method, wheat ears were inoculated at the mid-flowering. Disease incidence (% infected kernels) and Fusarium head blight severity as well as fungal biomass produced in the infected kernels were determined. The improved method effectively triggered sporulation of Fusarium spp. and gave high yields of conidia per unit of area within two days of incubation on solid media which is significantly higher compared to spore quantities produced with the conventional method. The average number of conidia produced by Fusarium spp. using the improved and conventional methods ranged from 56 to 156 and 0.8 to 38.6×106 (per plate), respectively. Spore production quantity was highly variable with the conventional method using different Fusarium species. However, morphology of conidia was similar in both assays. The aggressiveness of Fusarium inocula produced by both methods was not significantly different with respect to the ability to cause FHB and to colonize wheat kernels (P≤0.05). Microscopy examination showed the high conidiation rate from phialides on hypha. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| sporulation, Fusarium head blight, conidiation, conidia, F. graminearum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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