| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,188 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,336 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,458,201 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,331,904 |
تغییرات فصلی کربوهیدراتهای غیرساختمانی و آنزیم آمیلاز در شاخههای برودار Quercus brantii var. persica (Jaub. & Spach) Zohary | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 25، مهر 1385، صفحه 277-269 اصل مقاله (217.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد متینیزاده* 1؛ سودابه علی احمد کروری1؛ مصطفی خوشنویس1؛ مریم تیموری1؛ ورنر پرازنیک2 | ||
| 1اعضای هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور | ||
| 2استاد دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زیستی (Boku) وین، اتریش. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بلوط ایرانی brantii var. persicaQuercus یکی از ارزشمندترین گونههای درختی است که در مناطق غربی ایران به فراوانی گسترش دارد. این گونه به شرایط سخت محیطی مانند زمستانهای سرد، تابستانهای گرم، دورة خشکی طولانی و ارتفاع زیاد سازگار است. برای دستیابی به روند برخی تغییرات و الگوهای فیزیولوژیکی مؤثر برای حضور بلوط در شرایط محیطی خود، یک منطقة به نسبت دستنخورده (بکر) در استان چهار محال و بختیاری انتخاب گردید و در یک دوره یکساله، تغییرات کربوهیدراتهای غیرساختمانی با روشهای آنزیمی و تغییرات کیفی آمیلاز با استفاده از الکتروفورز (با ژل ترکیبی پلی آکریل آمید و نشاسته) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت کربوهیدراتهای محلول (گلوکوز، فروکتوز و ساکاروز) در اسفند (قبل از باز شدن جوانهها) بیش از دی بود. غلظت گلوکوز و فروکتوز پس از باز شدن جوانهها و ظهور برگها افزایش یافت و این روند تا بعد از دوره خشکی (شهریور) ادامه داشت. درحالیکه در همین دورة زمانی از مقدار ساکاروز و نشاسته به آرامی کاسته شد. پس از پایان تابستان و کاهش دمای محیط مقدار کل کربوهیدراتهای غیر ساختمانی در آبان افزایش یافت. در دی میزان نشاسته خیلی کم ولی میزان کربوهیدراتهای محلول زیاد بود. نتایج نشان داد که درختان بلوط برای فراهم کردن انرژی لازم برای انجام فرایندهای متابولیسمی خود در زمستانهای سرد و تابستانهای خشک از ذخایر قندی خود استفاده میکنند. مقدار کل کربوهیدراتهای ساختمانی از 5/18 تا 25/37 میلیگرم در گرم وزن خشک متغیر بود. تغییرات فصلی آمیلاز با تغییرات غلظت قندهای گلوکوز و نشاسته در دوره بررسی مطابقت نشان داد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کربوهیدراتهای غیرساختمانی؛ آمیلاز؛ تغییرات فصلی؛ بلوط ایرانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Seasonal changes of non-structural carbohydrates and amylase in twigs of Quercus brantii var. persica (Jaub. & Spach) Zohary | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Matinizadeh1؛ Soodabeh Korori1؛ Mostafa Khoshnevis1؛ Maryam Teimouri1؛ Werner Praznik2 | ||
| 1Members of scientific board, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands | ||
| 2Prof. University of Nature Resources and Applied Life Science (Boku), Vienna, Austria | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Quercus brantii var. persica (oak manna tree) is a valuable tree species in forests of western Iran. This species has been adapted to rough conditions of its habitat such as extreme summer and winter, long drought period and high elevation. For determining physiological patterns and alteration related to the establishment of oak in this environment, the changes of total non- structural carbohydrates and amylase activity in oak trees were studied in a less manipulated habitat during an annual cycle. The amount of total non- structural carbohydrates and amylase activity were measured by enzymatic and electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. Results indicated that non- structural carbohydrates concentration (glucose, fructose and sucrose) in March (before bud burst) was more than January ones. After bud burst and leaf expansion, when photosynthetic activity was high and after the beginning of drought period the concentrations of glucose and fructose increased continuously to September. Contrariwise the amount of sucrose and starch decreased slowly during this period. After summer and with falling temperatures, the total non-structural carbohydrates increased in November. In January, the content of starch was very low but the level of soluble carbohydrates was high. Thus the energy supply for metabolic processes in trees is secured during cold and hard winter seasons. Total non-structural carbohydrates ranged from 18.5 to 37.25 mg gdm-1. Seasonal changes of α-amylases coincided considerably with changes of starch and glucose concentrations of oak manna trees during the investigation period. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| amylase, Quercus brantii var. persica, Seasonal changes, total non- structural carbohydrates | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- جزیرهای، م.ح. و ابراهیمی رستاقی، م.، 1382. جنگلشناسی زاگرس. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. شماره 2633، 560 صفحه. -Alberdi, M., Meza-Basso, L., Fernandez, J., Rios, D. and Romero, M. 1989. Seasonal changes in carbohydrate content and frost resistance of leaves of Nothofagus species. Phytochemistry Vol. 28: 759-763. - Amundson, R.G., Kohut, R.J. and Laurence, J.A. 1995. Influence of foliar N on foliar soluble sugars and starch of red spruce saplings exposed to ambient and elevated levels of ozone. Tree Physiology 15:167-174. - Ashworth, E.N., Stirm, V.E. and Volenec, J.J. 1993. Seasonal variations in soluble sugars and starch within woody stems of Cornus sericea L. Tree Physiology 13: 379-388. -Barbaroux, C., and Breda, N. 2002. Contrasting distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood of adult ring-porous sessile oak and diffuse-porous beech trees. Tree Physiology 22: 1201-1210. -Boehringer, S.A. 1984. Methods of enzymatic food analysis using single reagents. Boehringer Mannheim GmbH MannheimGermany, 79 p. -Bonicel, A., Haddad, G. and Gagnaire, J. 1987. Seasonal variations of starch and major soluble sugars in the different organs of young poplars. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 25: 451-459. -Bonhomme, M., Rageau, R., Lacointe, A. and Gendraud, M. 2005. Influences of cold deprivation during dormancy on carbohydrate contents of vegetative and floral primordia and nearby structures of peach buds (Prunus persica L. Batch). Scientia Horticulturae 105: 223-240. -Bréda, N., Granier, A. and Aussenac, G. 1995. Effects of thinning on soil and tree water relations transpiration and growth in an oak forest (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Tree Physiology 15: 295-306. -Canham, C.D., Kobe, R.K., Latty, E.F. and Chazdon, R.L. 1999. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in tree seedling survival: effects of allocation to roots versus carbohydrate reserves. Oecologia 121: 1-11. -Dickson, R.E. 1991. Assimilate distribution and storage. In: Raghavendra, A.S. (ed.). Physiology of Trees. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, p 51–85. Dougherty, P.M., Teskey, R.O., Phelps, J.E. and Hinckley, T.M. 1979. Net photosynthesis and early growth trends of a dominant white oak (Quercus alba L.). Plant Physiol. 64: 930–935. -Dubroca, E. 1983 Evolution saisonnière des réserves dans un taillis de châtaigniers, Castanea sativa Mill., avant et après la coupe. PhD. Thesis, University of Paris, France. 209p. -Dunn, J.P., Potter, D.A. and Kimmerer, T.W. 1990. Carbohydrate reserves radial growth and mechanisms of resistance of oak trees to phloem-boring insects. Oecologia 83: 458-468. -Ebermann, R. and Stich, K. 1982. Peroxidase and amylase isoenzymes in the sapwood and heartwood of trees. Phytochemistry 21: 2401-2402. -Ebermann, R. and Ali Ahmad Korori, S. 1991. Temperature dependent alteration of peroxidase and amylase isoenzymes in Quercus robur. Phyton 31: 121-128. -Gansert, D. and Sprick, W. 1998. Storage and mobilization of non-structural carbohydrates and biomass development of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) under different light regimes. Trees 12: 247-257. -Grulke, N.E., Andersen, C.P. and Hogsett, W.E. 2001. Seasonal changes in above- and belowground carbohydrate concentrations of ponderosa pine along a pollution gradient. Tree Physiology 21:173-181. -Hacke, U. and Sauter, J.J. 1996. Xylem dysfunction during winter and recovery of hydraulic conductivity in diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees. Oecologia 105: 425-439. -Hinckley, T.M. and Lassoie, J.P. 1981. Radial growth in conifers and deciduous trees: a comparison. Mitt. Forstl. Bundesversanst. Wien. 142:17–56. -Höll, W. 1997. Storage and mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids. In: Rennenberg, H., Eschrich, W. and Ziegler, H., (eds.). Trees Contributions to Modern Tree Physiology. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 197-211. -Keller, F. and Ludlow, M.M. 1993. Carbohydrate metabolism in drought-stressed leaves of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). J. Exp. Bot. 44: 1351–1359. -Kontunen-Soppela, S., Lankila, J., Lähdesmäki, P. and Laine, K. 2002. Response of protein and carbohydrate metabolism of Scots pine seedlings to low temperature. Journal of Plant Physiology 159: 175-180. -Kozlowski T.T. 1996. Physiology of woody plants. Academic Press. 366 p. -Kramer P.J. and Kozlowski T.T. 1979. Physiology of woody plants. Academic Press London, 811 p. -Larcher, W. and Thomaser-Thin, W. 1988. Seasonal changes in energy content and storage patterns of Mediterranean sclerophylls in a northernmost habitat. Acta Oecologia 9: 271-283. -Latt, C.R., Nair, P.K.R. and Kang, B.T. 2001. Reserve carbohydrate cycles in the boles and structural roots of five multipurpose tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 146: 145-158. -Lawlor, D.W. and Cornic, G. 2002. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 275-294. -McLaughlin, S.B., McConathy, R.K., Barens, R.L. and Edwards, N.T. 1980. Seasonal changes in energy allocation by white oak (Quercus alba). Can. J. For. Res. 10: 379-388. -Meletiou-Christou, M.S., Banilas, G.P. and Diamantoglou, S. 1998. Seasonal trends in energy contents and storage substances of the Mediterranean species Dittrichia viscose and Thymelaea tartonraira. Environmental and Experimental Botany 39: 21-32. -Ögren, E. 2000. Maintenance respiration correlates with sugar but not nitrogen concentration in dormant plants. Physiologia Plantarum 108: 295-299. -Oren, R., Schulze, E-D., Werk, K.S., Meyer, J., Schneider, B.U. and Heilmeier, H. 1988. Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands at different stages of decline. I. Carbon relations and stand growth. Oecologia 75:25–37. -Priestley, C.A. 1960. Seasonal changes in the carbohydrate resources of some six-year-old apple trees. East Malling Res. Sta. Annu. Rep. 70-77. -Sauter, J.J. and Van Cleve, B. 1994 Storage mobilization and interrelation of starch sugars protein and fat in the ray storage tissue of poplar trees. Trees 8: 297-304. -Scholefield P.B., Sedgley, M., Alexande. and D. McE. 1985. Carbohydrate cycling in relation to shoot growth, floral initiation and development and yield in the avocado. Scientia Horticulturae 25: 99-110. -Wargo, P.M. 1981. Defoliation and tree growth. In:Doane, C.C. and McManus, M.L. (eds.).The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management. Eds. and Tech. Bull. 1584, USDA, Washington, 225–248. -Windish, W.W. and Mhatre, N.S. 1965. Microbial amylases. In: Wayne, W.U. (ed.). Advances in applied microbiology. Vol. 7. New York: Academic Press, 273-304. -Yoshioka, H., Nagai, K., Aoba, K. and Fukumoto, M. 1988. Seasonal changes of carbohydrates metabolism in apple trees. Scientia Horticulturae 36: 219-227. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 676 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 546 |
||