| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,073 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,300 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,129,806 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,037,398 |
بررسی تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی خیار آلوده به Pythium aphanidermatum و اثر سیلیکات کلسیم در کاهش صدمات ناشی از آن | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 84، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 103، اسفند 1395، صفحه 213-226 اصل مقاله (2.35 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2017.108140 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هدا چکنی1؛ ساسان محسن زاده2؛ رضا مستوفی زاده قلمفرسا* 3 | ||
| 1دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، بخش زیست‌شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2دانشیار، بخش زیست‌شناسی دانشکده علوم دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 3استاد، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| گونه‌ی Pythium aphanidermatum، از اُاُمیست‌های خاک‌بُرد و همه جازی است که روی گونه‌های مختلف خانواده‌ی کدوییان سبب پوسیدگی ریشه می‌شود. در این مطالعه، اثر این بیمارگر روی تغییرات فیزیولوژیک گیاه خیار و کاهش اثرات بیماری حاصل از آن با استفاده از کاربرد سیلیکات کلسیم با غلظت‌های 50، 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر بررسی شد. جنبه‌های گوناگونی از فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمی گیاه مانند فتوسنتز، ساخت پروتئین و پاسخ آنتی‌اکسیدانی بررسی گردید. گیاهان در گلخانه در دو مرحله‌ی 36 روزگی (مرحله‌ی رویشی) و 71 روزگی (مرحله‌ی زایشی) جمع‌آوری شدند. میزان کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین، پراکسیداسیون چربیها، آنتوسیانین و فعالیت کاتالاز اندازهگیری و دادهها واکاوی شدند. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی، کاهش مقادیر کلروفیل و کارتنوئید و افزایش میزان پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین، پراکسیداسیون چربیها، آنتوسیانین و فعالیت کاتالاز را بر اثر مایه‌زنی بیمارگر در مقایسه با شاهد نشان دادند. افزودن سیلیکات کلسیم 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر به خاک گیاهان سالم موجب افزایش شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی مانند مقادیر پرولین، کربوهیدرات، پروتئین و آنتوسیانین نسبت به نمونه‌های شاهد شد. هم‌چنین، افزایش میزان کلروفیل و کارتنوئید و کاهش سایر عوامل اندازهگیری شده بر اثر تیمار گیاهان آلوده با 100 و 150 میلیگرم در لیتر سیلیکات کلسیم در مقایسه با شاهد بیمار مشاهده شد. مقادیر کلروفیل، کارتنوئید، کربوهیدرات و پرولین در مرحله زایشی بیشتر از مرحله رویشی بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، استفاده از نمک سیلیکات کلسیم 150 میلیگرم در لیتر موجب کاهش صدمات فیزیولوژیکی مانند کاهش رشد گیاه و پوسیدگی ریشه ناشی از آلودگی خیار به P. aphanidermatum و هم‌چنین، بهبود رشد گیاهان سالم می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاه خیار؛ سیلیکات کلسیم؛ پیتیوم؛ تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Physiological and biochemical changes in cucumber infected by Pythium aphanidermatum and the effect of calcium silicate on damage reduction | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| H. CHAKANI1؛ S. MOHSENZADEH2؛ R. MOSTOWFIZADEH-GHALAMFARSA3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pythium aphanidermatum is a cosmopolitan and soil-borne Oomycete which is a root rot pathogen for various species of Cucurbitaceae. The impacts of the pathogen on physiological changes in cucumber plants and the effect of different concentrations of calcium silicate on disease damage reduction were investigated. Three concentrations of calcium silicate, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, were applied in this study. Different plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis and antioxidant response were studied. Seedlings were planted in greenhouse and collected after 36 (growing stage) and 71 (flowering stage) days. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, carbohydrates, proteins, anthocyanin contents, lipid proxidation, and catalase activity in the plants were measured. This study showed a decrease in chlorophyll and cartenoid levels and an increase in the levels of the other factors after inoculation. All the measured factors such as proline, carbohydrates, proteins and anthocyanin were increased in healthy plants after adding 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate compared to the controls. In infected plants which were treated with 100 and 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate, an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid levels and a decrease in all other monitored factors were observed. The level of chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, and prolin in the reproduction stage were significanlty more than the vegetative stage. Based on these findings, application of 150 mg L-1 calcium silicate would reduce the physiological disorders such as plant growth reduction and root rot due to P. aphanidermatum infection of cucumber plants and also better physiology in healthy plantss. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| cucumber, calcium silicate, Pythium spp, physiological and biochemical changes | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Adatia, M. and R. Besford, 1986. The effect of silicon on cucumber plants grown in recirculating nutrient solution, Annals of Botany, No. 58: 343–351
Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro, Methods in Enzymology, No. 105: 121–126.
Apel, K. and H. Hirt. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, Annual Review of Plant Biology, No. 55: 373–399.
Arnon, D. I. 1959. Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplast. IV. Central concept and comparison of three photochemical reactions, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, No. 20: 440–446.
Bates, L.S. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant and Soil, No. 39: 205–207.
Bolwell, P., L. Bindschedler, V. Blee, A. Butt, R. Dwei, S. Gardner, C. Gerrish and F. Minibayeva, 2002. The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: A three-component system, Journal of Experimental Botany, No. 53: 1367–1376.
Bonfig, K., U. Schreiber, A. Gabler, T. Roitsch and S. Berger, 2006. Infection with virulent and avirulent P. syringae strains differentially affects photosynthesis and sink metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves, Planta, No. 225: 1–12.
Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical Biochemistry, No. 72: 248–254.
Cai, K. Z., D. Gao, S. M. Luo, R. S. Zeng, J. Y. Yang, and Z. h. u. X.Y. 2008. Physiological and cytological mechanisms of silicon induced resistance in rice against blast disease, Physiologia Plantarum, No. 134: 324–33.
Chérif, M. and R. Belanger, 1992. Use of potassium silicate amendments in recirculating nutrient solutions to suppress Pythium ultimum on Long English Cucumber, Plant Disease, No. 76: 1008–1011.
Chérif, M., A. Asselin and R. R. Bélanger, 1994a. Defense responses induced by soluble silicon in cucumber roots infected by Pythium spp., Phytopathology, No. 84: 236–42.
Chérif, M. N. Benhamou, J. G. Menzies and R. R. Bélanger, 1992. Silicon induced resistance in cucumber plants against Pythium ultimum, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, No. 41: 411-425.
Chérif, M., J. G. Menzies, D. L. Ehret, C. Bogdanoff and R. Bélanger, 1994b. Yield of cucumber infected with Pythium aphanidermatum when grown with soluble silicon, Horticultural Science, No. 29: 896–897.
Elawad, S. H., J. J. Street and G. J. Gascho, 1982. Response of sugarcane to silicate source and rate. II. Leaf freckling and nutrient content, Agronomy Journal, No. 74: 484–48.
Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant biology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, No. 91: 11–17.
Fabro, G., I. Kovacs, V. Pavet, L. Szabados and M. E. Alvarez, 2004. Proline accumulation and AtP5CS2 gene activation are induced by plant–pathogen incompatible interactions in Arabidopsis, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction, No. 17: 343–350.
Fawe, A., M. Abou-Zaid, J. G. Menzies and R. R. Bélanger, 1998. Silicon-mediated accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins in cucumber, Phytopathology, No. 88: 396–401.
Feng Ma, J. and E. Takahashi, 2002. Soil, Fertilizer, and Plant Silicon Research in Japan, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Feng Ma, J. and N. Yamaji, 2006. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants, Trends in Plant Science, No. 11: 392–397.
Gong, H., X. Zhu, K. Chen, S. Wang and C. Zhang, 2005. Silicon alleviated oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought, Plant Science, No.169: 313–321.
Hare, P. D. and W. A.Cress, 1997. Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants, Plant Growth Regulation, No. 21:79–102.
Haudecoeur, E., S. Planamente, A. Cirou, M. Tannières, B. J. Shelp, S. Moréra and D. Faure, 2009. Proline antagonizes GABA-induced quenching of quorum-sensing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, No. 106: 14587– 14593.
Heath, R. and L. Packer, 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation, Archives of Biochemistry and. Biophysic, No. 125: 189–190.
Kauss, H. K. Seehaus, R. Franke, S. Gilbert, K. Dietrich and N. Kroger, 2003. Silica deposition by a strongly cationic proline-rich protein from systematically resistant cucumber plants, The Plant Journal, No. 33: 87–95.
KAWASAKI, S., C. BORCHERT, M. DEYHOLOS, H. WANG, S. BRAZILL, K. KAWAI, D. GALBRAITH, and H. J. BOHNERT, 2001. Gene expression profiles during the initial phase of salt stress in rice, Plant Cell, No. 13: 889–905.
LIANG, Y., Q. CHEN, Q. LIU, W. ZHANG and R. DING, 2003.Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Journal of Plant Physiology, No. 160: 1157–1164.
Liang, Y.C., W. C. Sun, J. Si and V. Römheld, 2005. Effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus, Plant Pathology, No. 54: 678–85.
Marschner, H. 1995 . Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London,, UK.
Miyake, Y. and E. Takahashi, 1983. Effect of silicon on the growth of solution-cultured cucumber plant, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, No. 29: 71–83.
MOSENZADEH, S., M. A. MALBOOBI, K. Razavi and S. Farrahi-Aschtiani, 2006. Physiological and molecular responses of Aeluropus lagopoides (Poaceae) to water deficit, Environmental and Experimental Botany, No. 56: 314–322.
Moulin, E., P. Lemanceau and C. Alabouvette, 1994. Pathogenicity of Pythium species on cucumber in peatsand, rockwool and hydroponics, European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 100: 3–17
Nelson, N. 1944. A photometric adaption of the Somogi method for the determination of glucose, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, No. 153: 375–380.
Rémus-Borel, W., J. G. Menzies and R. R. Bélanger, 2005. Silicon induces antifungal compounds in powdery mildew-infected wheat, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, No. 66: 108–115.
Rodrigues, F. Á., D. J. McNally, L. E. Datnoff, J. B. Jones, C. Labbé, N. Benhamou, J. G. Menzies and R. R. Bélanger, 2004. Silicon enhances the accumulation of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice: A potential mechanism for blast resistance,Phytopathology, No. 94: 177–83.
SALEKDEH, G. H., J. SIOPONGCO, L. J. WADE, B. GHAREYAZIE and J. BENNETT, 2002. A proteomic approach to analyzing drought- and salt-responsiveness in rice. Field Crops Research, No. 76: 199–219.
Samuels, A. L., A. D. M. Glass, D. L. Ehret and J. G. Menzies, 1993. The effects of silicon supplementation on cucumber fruit: changes in surface characteristics, Annals of Botany, No. 72: 433–440.
Scharte, J. and H. Schon, 2005. Photosynthesis and metabolism in tobacco leaves during an incompatible interaction with Phytophthora nicotiana, Plant, Cell and Environment, No. 28: 1421–1435.
Shahrtash, M. and S. Mohsenzadeh, 2011. The effect of silicon on biochemical characteristics of maize seedling infected by Pythium aphanidermatum during periods of high temperature and humidity, Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Science, No. 2: 96–101.
Swarbrick, P. J., P. Schulze-Lefert and J. D. Scholes, 2006. Metabolic consequences of susceptibility and resistance in barley leaves challenged with powdery mildew, Plant, Cell and Environment, No: 29: 1061–1076.
Tisdale, S. L., W. L. Nelson and J. D. Beaton, 1985. Soil and fertilizer potassium. pp. 249–291. In: Tisdale, S.L. Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J.D. (eds) Soil Fertility and Fertilizers, 4th ed. MacMillan Pub. Co. New York. USA.
Utkhede, R. S., C. A. Levesque and D. Dinh, 2000,. Pythium aphanidermatum root rot hydroponically grown lettuce and the effect of chemical and biological agents on its control, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 22: 138–144.
van der Plaata-Niternk, A. J. 1981. Monograph of the Genus Pythium, Studies in Mycology, No. 21: 1–244.
WaGner, G. J. 1979. Content and vacuole/extravacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids, and anthocyanins in protoplasts, Plant Physiology, No. 64: 88–93.
Wulff, E. G., A.Pham, M. Chérif, P. Rey, Y. Tirilly and J. Hockenhull, 1998. Inoculation of cucumber roots with zoospores of mycoparasitic and plant pathogenic Pythium species: Differential zoospore accumulation, colonization ability, and plant growth response, European Journal of Plant Pathology, No. 104: 69–76.
Yang, Y. F., Y. C. Liang, Y. S. Lou and W. C. Sun, 2003. Influences of silicon on peroxidase, superoxide dismutaseactivity and lignin content in leaves of wheat Tritium aestivum L. and its relation to resistance to powdery mildew, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, No. 36: 813–817. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,107 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,208 |
||