| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,168 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,197 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,932,402 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,937,879 |
استفاده ازتجزیه به روش جمعی در مطالعه اثر جهت و ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر مؤلفههای تنوع آلفا، بتا و گاما (مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده گنو، استان هرمزگان) | ||
| تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران | ||
| مقاله 19، دوره 23، شماره 3، مهر 1395، صفحه 645-660 اصل مقاله (414.34 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijrdr.2016.107625 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سجاد امیری1؛ رضا عرفانزاده* 2؛ یحیی اسماعیل پور3؛ رضا امیدی پور1 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته مرتعداری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران. | ||
| 2نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، شهرستان نور، استان مازندران، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری دانشگاه هرمزگان، استان هرمزگان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در مطالعات تنوع گونهای استفاده از روشهایی که بتواند تنوع هر مقیاس را تعیین نماید ضروری است. تقسیمبندی افزایشی روشی (تجزیه به روش جمعی) برای اندازهگیری و مقایسه مؤلفههای تنوع در مقیاسهای مکانی و زمانی مختلف میباشد. بنابراین این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر ارتفاع و جهت بر مؤلفههای تنوع گونهای (آلفا، بتا و گاما) با روش تقسیمبندی افزایشی در منطقه حفاظت شده کوه گنو انجام شد. فهرستبرداری از گیاهان در 9 طبقه ارتفاعی (1050-400 متر) در دو جهت جنوبی و شرقی و با تعداد 5 پلات 4 مترمربعی (در مجموع 90 پلات) در هر طبقه ارتفاعی انجام شد. کل غنای گونهای (rγ) به مؤلفههای داخل نمونهها یا پلات (1α)، بین نمونهها (1β)، بین طبقات ارتفاعی (2β) و بین جهت (3β) تقسیمبندی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفههای تنوع گونهای نشان داد که مؤلفه تنوع 3β با 36/72 درصد و 1β با 19/8 درصد به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین سهم را از تنوع کل به خود اختصاص دادند. به علاوه 3β بیشتر از میزان مورد انتظار و تنوع آلفا (1α) کمتر از میزان مورد انتظار آن بود که نشان دهنده پراکنش غیر تصادفی گونههای گیاهی است. در دو جهت شرقی و جنوبی کمترین میزان درصد مشاهدهای و مورد انتظار در سطح آلفا دیده شد و از طرفی در هر دو جهت کمترین مقدار اعداد مشاهدهای در سطح آلفا ثبت گردید که مقدار آن در جهت جنوبی برابر 95/5 درصد و برای جهت شرقی 73/5 درصد بود. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفههای بتا درصد بیشتری نسبت به مؤلفه آلفا داشتند و از میزان موردانتظار آنها بیشتر بود. از طرفی مؤلفهی آلفا در دو جهت شرقی و جنوبی از میزان موردانتظار آن کمتر دیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تنوع شانون در طبقات ارتفاعی 1600-1200 متر و غنای گونهای در طبقات 2050-1600 متر بود که بهترتیب مقدار 72/1 و 22 را به خود اختصاص دادند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده از این پژوهش پیشنهاد میگردد جهت حفاظت و افزایش تنوع، مقیاس منطقهای (کل منطقه مورد مطالعه) بایستی مد نظر قرار گیرد که، حفاظت مؤثری از تنوع کل (γ) به عمل خواهد آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تنوع گیاهی؛ گرادیان ارتفاع؛ جهت دامنه؛ تنوع شانون؛ غنای گونهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Application of additive partitioning to study the effect of aspect and elevation on alpha, beta and gamma diversities of plant species (case study: protected area of Geno, Hormozgan province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sajad Amiri1؛ reza erfanzadeh2؛ yahya esmaeil pour3؛ reza omidipour1 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was aimed to study the effects of elevation and aspect on diversity components (alpha, beta and gamma) using additive partitioning in the Geno Mountain. All plant species were listed in nine elevation zones (400-1050 m a.s.l.) in southern and eastern aspects of Geno. The cover percentage was measured using five plots of 4m2 (in total 90 plots) in each elevation zone. Total plant species diversity (γr) was partitioned into additive components within plots (α1) and between plots (β1) and among elevation zones (β2) and among aspects (β3). The results showed that β3 diversity (72.36%) and β1 (8.19%) had the highest and lowest contribution to the total diversity (γr), respectively. The β3 and α1 values were higher and lower than the expected values, respectively, indicating the non-random distribution of plant species. The lowest observed percentage and expected values at the alpha level were recorded for both southern and eastern directions. In addition, the lowest observed values at the alpha level were recorded for the southern (5.95%) and eastern (5.73%) directions. Generally, beta components had a higher percentage, whose values were higher than that of the expected values. On the other hand, the alpha component in eastern and southern directions was lower than expected values. The results showed that the highest Shannon index (1.72) and richness (22) were obtained at elevations of 1200-1600 m a.s.l. and 1600-2050 m a.s.l, respectively.According to the results of this study, it is suggested that the regional scale (whole area) should be taken into consideration to protect and enhance the diversity. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| plant diversity, gradient elevation, aspect, shannon diversity, Species richness | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abase, S., Hosseini, S. M. and Pilehvar, B., 2009. Effects of conservation on woody species diversity in Oshtorankooh region, Lorestan. Forest Ecology, 1(1): 1-10. Alcemar, R., Luiz, Hepp U. and Carla, B. K., 2013. Distribution and additive partitioning of diversity in freshwater Mollusk Communities in southern Brazilian Streams. Revista Biologícal Tropical, 62(1): 33-44. Alizadeh, M., Mahdavi, M. and Jouri, M. H., 2010. Capability investigation of carbon sequestration in two species (Artemisia sieberi Besser & Stipa barbata Desf) under different treatments ofvegetation management (Saveh, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, 70(1): 295-298. Agustina, N. R. and Ojeda, A., 2014. Elevation patterns in rodent diversity in the dry Andes: disentangling the role of environmental factors. Journal of Mammalogy, 95(1): 99-107. Baselga, A., 2010. Partitioning the Turnover and Nestedness Components of Beta Diversity, Global Ecology Biogeographic, 19(1): 134-143. Beck, J., Holloway, J. D., Khen, C. V. and Kitching, I. J., 2012. Diversity Partitioning Confirms the Important of Beta Diversity Components in Tropical Rainforest Lepidoptera, the American Naturalist, 180 (3): 64-74. Bennie, J., Hill, M., Baxter, R. and Huntley, B., 2006. Influence of Slope and Aspect on Long-Term Vegetation Change in British Chalk Grasslands, Journal of Ecology, 94(2):355–368. Bonham, C. D., 1989. Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. John Wiley and sons, New York, USA. 338p. Bilthoven, D. H., 2010. Rethinking Global Biodiversity Strategies, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 256 (2): 14-21. Brink, T. B., 2010. Rethinking global biodiversity strategies: exploring structural changes in production and consumption to reduce biodiversity loss. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 32(4): 125-132. Chen, S., Ouyang, Z., Zheng, H. and Xiao, Y., 2007. Latitudinal Gradient in Beta Diversity of Forest Communities in America. Acta Ecological Sinica, 31(5): 1334–40. Chavez, V. and Macdonald, S. E, 2012. Partitioning Vascular Understory Diversity in Mixedwood Boreal Forests, the Importance of Mixed Canopies for Diversity Conservation, Forest Ecology and Management, 271(3): 19-26. Chiarucci, A., Bacaro, G., Arevalo, J. R., Delgado, J. D. and Fernaadez-Palacios, J. M., 2010. Additive partitioning as a Tool for Investigating the Flora Diversity inOceanic Archipelagos, Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12(2): 83-91. Chandy, S., Gibson, D. J. and Robertson, P. A., 2006. Additive partitioning of diversity across hierarchical spatial scales in a forested landscape. Journal of Applied Ecology 43(4):792–801. Crist, T. O., Veech, J. A., Gering, J. C. and Summerville, K. S., 2003. Partitioning species diversity across Landscapes and Regions; a hierarchical analysis of a, b and g diversity. The American Naturalist, 162(6): 734-743. Fuel, P. Z. and Fisher, M. A., 2004. Changes in Forest Vegetation and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae along a Steep Elevation Gradient in Arizona, Forest Ecology and Management. 200(1-3): 293–311. Freestone, A. L. and Inouye, B. D., 2006. Dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity shape scale-dependent diversity patterns in plant communities. Ecology, 87(10):2425–2432. Erfanzadeh, R., Omidipour, R. and Faramarzi, M., 2015. Variation of plant diversity components in different scales in relation to grazing and climatic conditions. Plant Ecology & diversity (In press). Francisco-Ramos, V. and Arias-González, J. E., 2013. Additive partitioning of coral reef fish diversity across hierarchical spatial scales throughout the Caribbean. Plos one, 8(10): 76-87. Greig-Smith, P., 1983. Qualitative Plant ecology. 3th ed. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA. Gabriel, D., Roschewitz, I., Tscharntke, T. and Thies, C., 2006. Beta diversity at different spatial scales: plant communities in organic and conventional agriculture. Ecological Applications, 16(5): 2011-2021. Gering, J. C. and Crist, T. O. 2002. The alpha, beta regional relationship, providing new insights into local regional patterns of species richness and scale dependence of diversity components. Ecology Letters, 5(3), 433-444. Gering, J. C., Crist, T. O. and Veech, J. A., 2003. Additive partitioning of species diversity across multiple spatial scales: implications for regional conservation of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 17(2):488-499. Guo, Q., Kelt, D. A., Sun, Z., Liu, H., Hu, L., Ren, H. and Wen, J., 2013. Global variation in elevation diversity patterns. Scientific Reports, 3. Hanke, W., Grongroft, A., Jurgenm, N. and Schmiedel, U., 2011. Rehabilitation of arid rangelands, Intensifying water pulses from low-intenmity winter rainfall. Journal of Arid Environments, 75(2): 185-193. Hawkins, B. A., Diniz‐Filho, F. and Alexandre, J., 2004. ‘Latitude’ and geographic patterns in species richness. Ecography, 27(2): 268-272. Klimek, S., Marini, L., Hofmann, M. and Isselstein, J., 2008. Additive Partitioning of Plant Diversity with Respect to Grassland Management Regime, Fertilisation and Abiotic Factors. Basic and Applied Ecology, 9(6): 626–634. Krebs, J. C., 1998. Ecological Methodology, Addison Wesley Longman Inc., 620 p. Khalili, A., Hejam, S. and Irannejad, P., 2007. Weather divisions and Climate recognize Iran, comprehensive project of country water, Volume 4, Jamab Consulting Engineering Company depending on the Ministry of Energy, 180 p. Komac, B., Alados, C. L., Bueno, C. G. and Gomez, D., 2011. Spatial patterns of species distribution in grazed supplies grasslands. Plant Ecology, 212: 519-529. Lande, R., 1996. Statistics and Partitioning of Species Diversity and Similarity among Multiple Communities. Oikos, 76 (1): 5–1 Lomolino, M. A., 2001. Elevation gradients of species‐density: historical and prospective views. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10(1): 3-13. Milgo, C., 2006. Effect of grazing pressure on plantspecies composition and diversity in the semi-arid rangelands of Mbulu district, Tanzania. Agricultural Journal, 1(4): 277-283. McCain, C. M., 2007. Could temperature and water availability drive elevational species richness patterns? A global case study for bats. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16(1), 1-13. Nor, S. M., 2001. Elevational diversity patterns of small mammals on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 10(1): 41 – 62. Najafi Tireh-Shabankareh, K., Jalili, A., Khorasani, N., Jamzad, Z. and Asri, Y., 2005. Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in thegeno protected area, hormozgan province, Iran. Pajouhesh & sazandegi, 69(3): 50-62. Olszewski, T. D., 2004. A unified mathematical framework for the measurement of richness and evenness within and among multiple communities. Oikos 104(2): 377-387. Qian, H. and Ricklefs, R. E., 2011. A Latitudinal Gradient in Large-Scale Beta Diversity for Vascular Plants in North America. Ecology Letter, 10(8):737–44. Qian, H., Song, J., 2013. Latitudinal Gradients of Associations between Beta and Gamma Diversity of Trees in Forest Communities in the New World. Plant Ecology, 6 (1): 12-18. Rodriguez, D. and Ojeda, R. A., 2011. Patterns of Diversity of the Monte Desert Small Mammals across Multiple Spatial Scales. Journal of Arid Environments, 75 (5): 424-431. Sang W., 2009. Plant Diversity Patterns and their Relationships Whit Soil and Climatic Factors along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Middle Tianshan Mountain area, Xinjiang China. Ecological Research, 24 (2): 303-314. Sachs, J. D., Baillie, J. E. M., Sutherland, W. J., Armsworth, N., Beddington, J., Blackburn, T. M., Scheldt, A., Assmann, T. and Schaefer, M., 2013. Scale Dependent Diversity Patterns Affect Spider Assemblages of Two Contrasting Forest Ecosystem. Acta Oecological, 49: 17-22. Sole-Senan, X. Juarez-Escario, A., Conesa, J. A., Torra, J., Royo-Esnal, A. and Recasens, J., 2014. Plant Diversity in Mediterranean Cereal Field, Unraveling the Effect of Landscape Complexity on Rare Arable Plants, Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 85: 221-230. Sasaki, T., Katabuchi, M., Kamiyama, C., Shimazaki, M. and Hikosaka, K., 2012. Diversity partitioning of moorland plant communities across hierarchical spatial scales. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(6): 1577-1588. Soininen, J., McDonald, R. and Hillebrand, H., 2007. The distance decay of similarity in ecological communities. Ecography, 30(1): 3-12. Tamartash, R., Tatian, M. R., Reihani, B., Shokrian, F., 2009. Investigation on relation between physicochemical characteristics of marl soils and plant communities (Case study: Birjand Plain), Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 16(4): 481-492. Turner, W. R., Brandon, K., Brooks, T. M., Gascon, C., Gibbs, H. K., Lawrence, K. S. and Selig, E. R. 2012. Global biodiversity conservation and the alleviation of poverty. BioScience, 62(1): 85-92. Vogt, K. A., Gardon, J. G, Wargo, J. P., Voget, D. J., Asbjornsen, H. and Palmiotto, P. A., 1997. Ecosystem: Balancing Science with Management. Spring press, New York, 470 p. Veech, J. A. and Crist, T. O., 2009. PARTITION, Software for Hierarchical Additive Partitioning of Species Diversity,http://www.users.muohio.edu/cristto/partition.htm. Whittaker, R. H., 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs, 30(3):279–338. Whittaker, R. H., 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity, Taxon, 21: 213–251. Wu, F., Yang, X. J. and Yang, J. X., 2010. Additive Diversity Partitioning as a Guide to Regional Montane Reserve Design in Asia: an Example from Yunnan Province, China. Diversity and Distribution, 16(6): 1022-1033. Zehzad, B. and Majnonian. H., 1997. Certificate of protected area of Geno, department of environment, 70p. Zaeifi, M., 2001. Overview of vegetation hormozgan province, Natural Resources Research Center and Animal province (unpublished report), 23p. Zvuloni, A., Woesik, R. and Loya, Y., 2010. Diversity partitioning of stony corals across multiple spatial scales around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Plos One, 5(3):41-99.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,024 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,250 |
||