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اثر تنش کمآبی و محلولپاشی ایندول استیک اسید در مراحل مختلف رشد دانه بر عملکرد و خصوصیات جوانهزنی بذور تولید شده ارقام گندم نان | ||
| علوم و فناوری بذر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 3، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 6، مهر 1393، صفحه 173-187 اصل مقاله (370.66 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجید عبدلی* 1؛ محسن سعیدی2؛ ماندانا آژند3؛ سعید جلالی-هنرمند4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه مراغه، دانشکده کشاورزی | ||
| 2استادیار دانشگاه رازی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشگاه مراغه، دانشکده کشاورزی | ||
| 4دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه رازی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در شکلگیری عملکرد دانه محسوب میشوند. با این وجود نقشهای فیزیولوژیک آنها به طور کامل شناسایی نشده است. از طرف دیگر تنش خشکی از عوامل اصلی کاهش تولید محصولات زراعی است و علاوه بر افت عملکرد بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی نیز تاثیر میگذارد. به همین منظور، آزمایشی در دو بخش مزرعهای و آزمایشگاهی در پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه طی سالهای 89-1388 و 90-1389 در قالب اسپلیت پلات-فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. آبیاری در دو سطح شامل بدون تنش و تنش کمآبی (قطع آبیاری پس از گردهافشانی تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی) به عنوان کرت اصلی مد نظر قرار گرفت و ترکیب ارقام گندم پیشتاز و مرودشت، 336 و DN-11همراه با تیمارهای محلولپاشی ایندول استیک اسید (با غلظت 50 میکرومولار) در سه سطح شامل شاهد، اوایل مرحله تقسیم سلولی(گردهافشانی) و پرشدن دانه (14 روز پس از گردهافشانی) درکرتهای فرعی قرار گرفتند. در شرایط بدون تنش عملکرد دانه رقم مرودشت بیشتر از دیگر ارقام بود. کاهش شدید عملکرد دانه در این رقم طی تنش کمآبی نشان داد که حساسیت این رقم نسبت به تنش کمآبی بیشتر از سایر ارقام است و کمترین کاهش عملکرد دانه طی تنش رطوبتی مربوط به رقمDN-11بود. محلولپاشی ایندول استیک اسید در ابتدای تقسیم سلولی دانههای در حال رشد، موجب افزایش معنیدار عملکرد دانه شد که در این شرایط بیشترین افزایش عملکرد دانه در رقم مرودشت دیده شد. ولی اعمال این تیمار در مرحله پرشدن دانه چنین اثری نداشت. بذور بدست آمده از مزرعه در آزمایشگاه از نظر خصوصیات جوانهزنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و نتایج نشان داد که طول ریشهچه و درصد جوانهزنی تحت تاثیر تنش کمآبی قرار نگرفتند و به غیر از پارامترهای نسبت ساقهچه به ریشهچه و سرعت جوانهزنی که طی تنش افزایش یافتند بقیه پارامترهای کاهش چشمگیری نشان دادند. مقایسه میانگین اثر محلولپاشی ایندول استیک اسید مخصوصاً در ابتدای پرشدن دانه بیانگر اثر معنیدار آن بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی بود به طوریکه سبب افزایش صفات جوانهزنی گردید. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده احتمالاً اکسین با تاثیرگذاری بر کیفیت بذور تولید شده و نه افزایش کمیت (وزن دانه) موجب اثرات مثبت بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گندم؛ تنش کمآبی؛ ایندول استیک اسید؛ عملکرد دانه؛ درصد جوانه زنی؛ بنیه بذر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of water deficiency stress and foliar application of indole acetic acid at different stages of grain growth on grain yield and germination traits of produced seeds in bread wheat cultivars | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Plant growth regulators are the main factors in grain yield formation However, their physiological roles have not been fully identified. On the other hand, water stress is the main factor in reducing grain yield and germination characteristics. To this end, two experiments were carried out in the research farm and laboratory of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in Iran during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 years in a split-plot factorial arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The irrigation treatments including non water stress and water deficiency stress (from anthesis and continued until physiological maturity). The wheat cultivars including Pishtaz, Marvdasht, DN-11and 336 and the foliar application of indole acetic acid (dose of 50 μM)treatments including control, used at the beginning of grain growth (from anthesis) and at the beginning of grain filling (from 14 days after anthesis) at the entire plants. Under non water stress, the grain yield of Marvdasht was greater than other cultivars. More yield reduction of this Marvdasht in water deficiency compared to other cultivars showed more sensitivity of this cultivar to post-anthesis water deficiency and DN-11 in this situation had the lowest grain yield reduction. Foliar application of indole acetic acid (IAA) at the beginning of grain growth caused the most increase in grain yield. In this situation, IAA caused more increase in the grain yield of Marvdasht cultivar. But, this treatment at the beginning of grain filling did not have such effect. Seeds were obtained from the field were studied in the view of germination and seedling growth characteristics in the laboratory and the result showed that, plumule length and germination percentage were not affected by post-anthesis water deficiency. Under post-anthesis water deficiency, Plumule to radicle ratio and germination rate significantly increased and other parameters showed a significant decrease. Mean comparison of foliar application of IAA at the beginning of grain filling showed that this significantly increased germination characteristics. With respect to these results, Auxin may via positive effects on seed quality and not quantity (seed weight) may be had positive effects on seed germination characteristics. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Wheat, Water deficiency stress, Indole acetic acid, Grain yield, germination percentage, Seed vigor | ||
| مراجع | ||
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