| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,186 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,332 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 51,393,684 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 91,299,047 |
رزیابی اثر نهاده های آلی در تولید بذر زیستی (ارگانیک) گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) | ||
| علوم و فناوری بذر ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 8، مهر 1394، صفحه 81-96 اصل مقاله (411.83 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لیلا تبریزی* 1؛ علیرضا کوچکی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، | ||
| 2استاد گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهمنظور بررسی عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی بذر گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (.L officinalis Calendula (تحت شرایط تغذیه ارگانیک، بذور حاصل از کاربرد نهادههای آلی مختلف (دو سطح بسترکشت کود گاوی (به میزان 20 تن در هکتار و بدون مصرف کود دامی) و چهار سطح مایه تلقیح باکتریهای تثبیتکنندة نیتروژن (chroococcum Azotobacter/brasilense Azospirillum ،(حلکنندة فسفات نامحلول (fluorescens Pseudomonas ،(مخلوط باکتریهای تثبیتکنندة نیتروژن وحلکنندة فسفات و عدم کاربرد باکتری) در یک آزمایش مزرعهای، بر اساس آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه گیاهان دارویی گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در دو سال 1389 و 1390 ارزیابی شدند. عملکرد بذر و وزن هزار دانه، ابعاد بذر و خصوصیات کیفی جوانهزنی بذر شامل درصد، سرعت، یکنواختی و زمان رسیدن به 95 درصد جوانهزنی بذر، طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر ارزیابی شدند. بر اساس نتایج موجود، اثر متقابل بستر کود دامی و باکتریهای محرک رشد گیاه بهطور معنی داری بیشترین وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بذر را در طی دو سال آزمایش بهدنبال داشت. تقریبا کلیه صفات مرتبط با ابعاد بذر در هر دو سال تحت تاثیر استفاده از کود دامی در بستر کشت و همچنین تلقیح با باکتریهای محرک رشد قرار گرفتند. استفاده از کود دامی، اثر معنی داری بر درصد جوانه زنی، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر (طی هر دو سال) داشت و همچنین کاربرد باکتریهای محرک رشد، درصد جوانهزنی، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر (طی هر دو سال) و یکنواختی و زمان رسیدن به 95 درصد جوانهزنی و وزن خشک گیاهچه (سال اول) را بهطور معنی داری تحت تاثیر قرار دادند. در مجموع، استفاده از بستر کود دامی و همچنین کاربرد باکتریهای محرک رشد نسبت به عدم کاربرد آنها، بیشترین میزان صفات مورد اندازه گیری را بههمراه داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| جوانه زنی بذر؛ گیاه دارویی؛ بنیه بذر؛ کود آلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of organic inputs on organic seed production of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and seed quality criteria of Calendula officinalisL., seeds of a field experiment under application of two levels of cattle manure (without and with 20 t ha-1) and four levels of bacterial inoculant (containing N-fixing bacteria, P solubilizerbacteria, mixture of bacteria and control) were evaluated for seed quality criteria in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in Medicinal Plant Laboratory of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape, University of Tehran in 2010 and 2011. Then, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and dimension and seed germination quality criteria such as seed germination percentage, rate and uniformity, time to 95% germination, seedling weight and length and seed vigour index were investigated. Results indicated that interaction effect of manure and bacterial inoculant caused significantly the highest 1000 seed weight and seed yield in both years. Nearly, all criteria related to seed dimension affected by cow manure and also bacterial inoculants in both years. Also, application of cow manure significantly affected seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and inoculation of seed by plant growth promotion bacteria showed significant effects on seed germination percentage, seedling length and seed vigour index (both years) and seed germination uniformity, time to 95% germination and seedling weight (first year). In general, using cattle manure and also plant growth promotion bacteria resulted in the highest amount of all measured criteria compared to non application of manure and bacterial inoculants. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| medicinal plant, Seed germination, seed vigour, Organic fertilizer | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdul-baki, A. A. and J. D. Anderson. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop
Sci. 13:630-633.
Anwar, M., D.D. Patra, S. Chand, K. Alpesh, A.A. Naqvi and S.P.S. Khanuja. 2005. Effect of organic
manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and oil quality of French
basil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 36: 1737-1746.
Bosco, M. and C. Picard. 2008. Tools for innovative organic breeding arise from rhizosphere microbial
ecology. Proc. 2nd Sci. Conf. Int. Soci. Organic Agr. Res. (ISOFAR). 18-20 June, Modena, Italy. PP. 164-167.
Celik, I., I. Ortas and S. Kilic. 2004. Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical
properties of a Chromoxerert soil. Soil Tillage. Res. 78: 59–67.
Chandra Babu, R., V. Muralidharan, M. Seetha Rani, M. Nagarajan, S.R. Sree Rangasamy, and R.K.
Pallikonda Perumal. 2008. Effect of seed size on germination and seedling growth in Greengram (Vigna
radiata L. Wilczek) and Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) cultivars. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 164: 213-216.
Darzi, M.T. and M.R. Haj Seyed Hadi. 2012. Effects of the application of organic manure and biofertilizer on
the fruit yield and yield components in dill (Anethum graveolens). J. Med. Plants Res. 6: 3345-3350.
Darzi, M.T., A. Ghalavand, F. Rajali and F. Sefidkon. 2006. Investigation on biological fertilizers effects on
yield and yield components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (In Persian with English abstract.) Iranian. J. Med.
Arom. Plants. 22(4): 292-276.
Fernandez, P. 2001. Orgnic seed as basis for sustainable agriculture. Philippian J. Crop Sci. 26 (3): 15-30.
Gesch, R.W. 2013. Growth and yield response of calendula (Calendula officinalis) to sowing date in the
northern U.S. Ind. Crops Prod. 45: 248– 252.
Gunri, S.K., S.K. Pal and A. Chaudhry. 2004. Effect of nitrogen application and spacing on yield of rice
(Oryza sativa) in foothills of West Bengal. Indian J. Agron. 49(4): 248–250.
Hassell, R.L., R. Dufault and T. Phillips. 2004. Relationship among seed size, source and temperature on
germination of Echinacea angustifolia, pallida and puprpurea. Acta Hort. (ISHS). 629: 239-243.
Hermes, A. 2010. http://www.livestrong.com/article/143124-definition-organic-seeds.
Hosseinzadeh, F., A. Satei and MR. Ramezanpour. 2011. Effects of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria on growth, nutrient uptake and physiological characteristics in Calendula officinalis L. Middle East
J Sci. Res. 8(5): 947–953.
Irannezhad, A., A. Rahimi and M.A. Vakili. 2010. Effects of different soil fertility treatments on mucilage,
1000 seed weight, leaf area and seed number of Plantago ovata. In 5th Nat. Congr. New Idea in Agric., 27-28
February 2010, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan. pp.1-4.
Ismail, E.G., W.W. Mohamed, S. Khattab and F.El. Sherif. 2014. Effect of manure and bio-fertilizers on
growth, yield, silymarin content and protein expression profile of Silybum marianum. Adv. Agric. Biology. 1 (1):
36-44.
Jeyabal, A. and G. Kupposwamy. 2001. Recycling of organic wastes for the production of vermicompost and
its response in rice-legume cropping system and soil fertility. Euro. J. Agron. 15: 153-170.
Johnson, J.M.F. and R.W. Gesch. 2013. Calendula and camelina response to nitrogen fertility. Ind. Crops
Prod. 43: 684– 691.
Kandeel, Y.M., F.A. Menesy, M.M. Khalafalla and W.M. Gad. 2004. Effect of some commercial
biofertilizers on growth, seed, volatile oil yield and chemical composition of Anethum graveolens L. J. Agric.
Res. Tanta Univ. 30 (3): 721-737.
Karthikeyan, B., C.A. Jaleel, R. Gopi and M. Deiveekasundaram. 2007. Alterations in seedling vigour and
antioxidant enzyme activities in Catharanthus roseus under seed priming with native diazotrophs. J. Zhejiang
Univ. Sci. B. 8(7):453-457.
Koocheki, A. and M. Khajeh-hosseini. 2008. New agronomy. Jihad-e-daneshgahi of Mashhad. 704P.
Kundu, B.S and A.C. Gaur. 1980. Establishment of Nitrogen fixing and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria in
Rhizosphere and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake of wheat crop. Plant Soil. 57:223-230.
Lammerts Van Bueren, E.T., P.E. Struik and E. Jacobsen. 2003. Organic propagation of seed and planting
material: an overview of problems and challenges for research. Netherlands J. Agric. Sci. 51(3): 263-277.
Mandal, A., A.K. Patra, D. Singh, A. Swarup and R. Ebhin Masto. 2007. Effect of long-term application of
manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages. Biores.
Technol. 98: 3585–3592.
Mbofung, G.Y. 2012. Effects of maturity group, seed composition and storage conditions on the quality and
storability of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seed. MSC thesis. Iowa State University.
Miransari, M. and D.L. Smith. 2014. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environ. Experi. Bot. 99: 110–
121.
Miri, Y., S. Baser Kochehbagh and B. Mirshekari. 2013. Effect of seed bio-fertilization influences
germination and early growth of Marigold (Calendula officinalis). Int. J. Agron. Plant Prod. 4 (2): 217-222.
Mohamed Said Ali, S., H. Soliman, A. Abdallah, T. Moharram and S. Ahmed. 2009. Biofertilizers and their
significance to environmental and sustainable agriculture. New Biotechnol. 25S. P. S308.
Moles, A.T. and M. Westoby. 2004. Seedling survival and seed size: A synthesis of literature. J. Ecol. 92:372-
383.
Ordookhani, K., S. Sharafzadeh and M. Zare. 2011. Influence of PGPR on growth, essential oil and nutrients
uptake of sweet basil. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5(4): 672–677.
Pardo, T., F. Clemente and M.P. Bernal. 2011. Effects of compost, pig slurry and lime on trace element
solubility and toxicity in two soils differently affected by mining activities. Chemosph. 84: 642–650.
Putwattanaa, N., M. Kruatrachueb, P. Pokethitiyooka and R. Chaiyaratc. 2010. Immobilization of cadmium
in soil by cow manure and silicate fertilizer and reduced accumulation of cadmium in sweet basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.). Sci. Asia. 36: 349 –354.
Rathaur, P., W. Raja, P.W. Ramteke and S.A. John. 2012. Effect of UV-B tolerant plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seed germination and growth of Withania somnifera. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res. 3 (3):1399-
1404.
Rifat, H., A. Safdar, A. Ummay, KH. Rabia and A. Iftikhar. 2010. Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in
plant growth promotion: a review. Annu. Microbiol. 60: 579–598.
Singh, J.SH., V. CH. Pandey and D.P. Singh. 2011. Efficient soil microorganisms: A new dimension for
sustainable agriculture and environmental development. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 140: 339–353.
Singh, R., T.N. Paramaeswarn, E.V.S. Prakasa Rao, K. Puttanna, A. Kalra, K.V.N.S. Srinivas, D.J.
Bagyaraj and S. Divya. 2009. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on root-rot,
wilt, growth and yield of Coleus forskohlii. Biocont. Sci. Technol. 19 (8): 835–841.
Singh, Y.V., K.K. Singh and S.K. Sharma. 2013a. Influence of crop nutrition ongrain yield, seed quality and
water productivity under two Rice cultivation systems. Sci. 20(2): 129-138.
Singh, R., S.K. Soni, R.P. Patel and A. Kalra. 2013b. Technology for improving essential oil yield of Ocimum
basilicum L. (sweet basil) by application of bioinoculant colonized seeds under organic field conditions. Ind.
Crops Prod. 45: 335– 342.
Sokhangoy, S.H., KH. Ansari and D. Eradatmand Asli. 2012. Effect of bio-fertilizers on performance of Dill
(Anethum graveolens L.). (In Persian with English abstract.) Iranian J. Plant Physiol. 2(4): 547-552.
Sun, Q., J.H. Wang and B.Q. Sun. 2007. Advances in seed vigour physiological and genetic mechanisms.
Agric Sci China. 6(9): 1060-1066. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 698 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 595 |
||