| تعداد نشریات | 287 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 85 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,159 |
| تعداد مقالات | 35,108 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,530,278 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,478,845 |
اثر اصلاح ترکیبی گلوتارآلدئید/پارافین بر ویژگیهای زیستی و مکانیکی چوب صنوبر (Populus deltoides) | ||
| تحقیقات علوم چوب و کاغذ ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 57، دی 1395، صفحه 606-620 اصل مقاله (669.42 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijwpr.2016.106762 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ندا اسماعیلی1؛ مریم قربانی* 2؛ پوریا بی پروا3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| 3استادیار، گروه علوم پایه، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در این تحقیق ویژگیهای مکانیکی و زیستی چوب صنوبر اصلاحشده با گلوتارآلدئید و پارافین بررسی شد. اصلاح با گلوتارآلدئید در 3 سطح غلظت 5، 10 و 20درصد همراه با کاتالیزور کلریدمنیزیم و متعاقباً در سطوح اصلاح ترکیبی، اشباع با پارافین بهروش خلا-فشار انجام شد. افزایش سطح غلظت گلوتارآلدئید، به افزایش وزن و حجیمشدگی دیواره سلولی چوب منتهیشد که متعاقب آن میزان نفوذ پارافین به ساختار متخلخل چوب کاهش یافت. مقاومت زیستی در معرض قارچ پوسیدگی سفید و خواص مکانیکی بهترتیب طبق استانداردهای EN113و ASTM D143-94 اندازهگیری شد. تصاویر ریزنگار الکترونی گسیلمیدانی گویای حجیمشدگی دیوارهها و حضور پارافین در حفرات بود. در بررسی پایداری حرارتی، با افزایش شدت اصلاح، میزان افتجرم روند کاهشی داشت که این امر بهدلیل ایجاد اتصالات عرضی بین گلوتارآلدئید و پلیمرهای دیوارهای است. نتایج آزمون خواص مکانیکی نشان داد که ورود پارافین در سطوح اصلاح ترکیبی حاوی 10 و 20درصد گلوتارآلدئید، بهبود معنیدار مدولالاستیسیته را بههمراهداشت. گلوتارآلدئید به کاهش مقاومت خمشی انجامید که حضور پارافین آنرا در سطوح اصلاحشده بهبودبخشید. حضور گلوتارآلدئید به بهبود فشار موازی الیاف و سختی منتهیشد که در اصلاحترکیبی این اثر محسوستر بود. اصلاح گلوتارآلدئید موجب بهبود مقاومت در معرض قارچ پوسیدگی سفید گردید که این نیز در حضور پارافین افزایش معنیداری نشان داد. بهبود مقاومت چوباصلاحشیمیاییشده در برابر قارچپوسیدگی سفید را میتوان به کاهش رطوبت چوب، حجیمشدن دیوارهسلولی و مسدود شدن منافذ ریز دیواره نسبت داد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گلوتارآلدئید؛ پارافین؛ خواص مکانیکی؛ پوسیدگی سفید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of the Combined Modification Process of Glutaraldehyde/ paraffin on Biological and Mechanical properties of Poplar wood | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Neda Esmaeili1؛ Maryam Ghorbani2؛ Porya Biparva3 | ||
| 1M.Sc. Student, Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Prof. Department of Wood and Paper Sciences and Technology, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof. Department of Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In this study, the mechanical and biological properties of modified poplar wood with glutaraldehyde and paraffin were investigated. Modification was performed with glutaraldehyde at different concentrations of glutaraldehyde, 5, 10 and 20% using magnesium chloride as a catalyst and then subsequently with paraffin by vacuum-pressure method. Increasing concentration of glutaraldehyde caused to weight gain and bulking wood cell wall, subsequently reduced paraffin penetration into the porous structure of wood. Biological resistance exposed to white rot fungi and mechanical properties were measured according to the standards EN113 and ASTM D143-94, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic images showed bulking of cell walls and paraffin presence in cell cavities. According to results of TGA, increasing of modification intensity decreased mass loss due to cross linking formation between glutaraldehyde and cell wall polymers. Paraffin at combined modification containing 10% and 20% glutaraldehyde improved significantly the modulus of elasticity. Glutaraldehyde reduced bending strength, but paraffin present in the modified samples improved it. The Glutaraldehyde increased compression strength parallel to grain and hardness that the improvement was more obvious in combined modification. Modification with glutaraldehyde enhanced decay resistance exposed to white rot fungi, and this improvement intensified at the presence of paraffin. Inhibitory influence of chemical modification on wood attacking white rot fungi can be attributed to decreases the wood moisture, bulking of cell walls and blocking cell cavities. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Glutaraldehyde, Paraffin, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, White rot | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Abdolzadeh, H., Ebrahimi, G., Layeghi, M., Ghassemieh, M. and Mirshokrai, S.A., 2014. Mechanical properties of Beech -Furfuryl alcohol wood polymer. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 4(2): 131–140. - Blanchette, R.A., Krueger, E.W., Haight, J.E., Akhtar, M. and Akin, D.E., 1996. Cell wall alterations in loblolly pine wood decayed by the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Biotechnol, 53: 203–213. - Bodirlau, R., Teaca, C.A. and Spiridon, T., 2008. Chemical modification of Beech wood: Effect on thermal stability. Bioresources, 3(3): 789-800. - Bourgois, J., Bartholin, M.C. and Guyonnt, R., 1989. Thermal treatment of wood: Analysis of the obtained product. Wood Science and Technology, 23: 303-310. - Buchelt, B., Dietrich, T. and Wagenfu¨hr, A., 2012. Macroscopic and microscopic monitoring of swelling of beech wood after impregnation with furfuryl alcohol. European Journal of Wood and Wood Product, 70 (6): 865-869. - Esteves, B., Nunes, L., Domingos, I. and Pereira, H., 2014. Improvement of termite resistance, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of pine wood by paraffin impregnation. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72: 609–615. - Flournoy, D.S., Kirk, T.K. and Highley, T.L., 1991. Wood decay by brown-rot fungi: Changes in pore structure and cell wall volume. Holzforschung, 45: 383–388. - Ghosh, S.C., Militz, H. and Mai, C., 2008. The efficacy of commercial silicones against blue stain and mould fungi in wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67: 159–167. - Hill, C.A.S., 2008. The reduction in the fibre saturation point of wood due to chemical modification using anhydride reagents: a reappraisal. Holzforschung, 62:423–428. - Li, Y., Dong, X., Lu, Z., Jia, W. and Liu, Y., 2013. Effect of Polymer In Situ Synthesized from Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene on the Morphology. Thermal Behavior, and Durability of Wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128(1): 13- 20. - Mai, C., Xie, Y., Xiao, Z., Bollmus, S., Vetter, G., Krause, A. and Militz, H., 2007. Influence of the Modification with Different Aldehyde-based, Agents on the Tensile Strength of Wood. European Conference on Wood Modification 2007. - Moheby, B., 2005. Attlenuated total reflection Infrared spectroscopy of white rot decay beech wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 55(4): 247- 251. - Mundigler, N. and Rettenbacher, M., 2005. Natwood technology a material thermal wood modification. In: Hill CAS, Militz H (eds) The Second European Conference on Wood Modification. Go¨ttingen, Germany, 270–275. - Neyestani, F., 1987. Effect of several improvement approaches on the Iranian domestic wood species for utilization in loom industry. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Tehran University, 88p. - Papadopoulos, A.N. and Hill, C.A.S., 2002. The biological effectiveness of wood modified with linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against Coniophora puteana. Holz Roh Werkst, 60: 329–332. - Rowell, R.M., 2005. Chemical modification of wood. In: Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. Rowell, R.M. (Ed) Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, 381–420p. - Sailer, M. and Van Etten, B., 2004. Potential wood protection strategies using physiological requirements of wood degrading fungi. Heron, 49:327–337. - Schneider, M.H., Phillips, J.G., Tingley, D.A. and Brebner, K.I., 1990. Mechanical properties of polymer-impregnated sugar maple. Forest Product Journal, 40(1), 37–41. - Scholz, G. Krause, A. and Militz, H. (2012) Volltra¨nkung modifizierten Holzes mit Wachs. European Journal Wood Product, 70:91–98pp. - Scholz, G., Krause, A., and Militz, H., 2010. Exploratory study on the impregnation of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different hot melting waxes. Wood Science and Technology, 44: 379–388. - Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. Designation, West Conshohocken, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM- D143 Standard, 1994. -Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials, ASTM D2395-14e1 Standard, 2014. - Ukrainczyk, N., Kurajica, S. and Šipuši, J., 2010. Thermophysical Comparison of Five Commercial Paraffin Waxes as Latent Heat Storage Materials. Chemical and biochemical engineering quarterly, 24 (2), 129–137. - Vihavainen, T., Piispanen, K. and Mansikkmäki, P., 1980. Treatment of wood with formaldehyde, Acid catalysis of the reaction between formaldehyde and wood. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Doc. No. IRG/WP 3146. - Winandy, J.E., Rowell, R.M., 1984. The chemistry of wood strength. In: The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in chemistry. American chemical society, Washington, DC, 207: 211-255. - Wood preservatives. Method of test for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes – Determination of the toxic values. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, European standards, EN 113, 1996. - Xiao, Z., Xie, Y., Militz, H. and Mai, C., 2010a. Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood. Holzforschung, 64: 475–482. - Xiao, Z., Xie, Y., Militz, H. and Mai, C., 2010b. Effects of modification with glutaraldehyde on the mechanical properties of wood. Holzforschung, 64: 483–488. - Xie, Y., Krause, A., Militz, H., Turkulin, H., Richter, K. and Mai, C., 2007. Effect of treatments with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) on the tensile properties of wood. Holzforschung, 61:43–50. - Xie, Y., Callum, A., Hill, S., Xiao, Z., Mai, C., and Militz, H., 2011. Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde. Wood Science and Technology, 45: 49–61. - Xiao, Z., Xie, Y. and Mai, C., 2012. The fungal resistance of wood modified with glutaraldehyde. Holzforschung, 66: 237–243. - Xie, Y., Qiliang, F. and Wang, Q., 2013. Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 71: 401–416. - Yasuda, R. and Minato, K., 1994. Chemical modification of wood by non-formaldehyde cross-linking reagents. Part 1. Improvement of dimensional stability and acoustic properties. Wood Science and Technology, 28: 101–110. - Yasuda, R., Minato, K. and Norimoto, M., 1994. Chemical modification of wood by nonformaldehyde crosslinking reagents. Part 2. Moisture adsorption and creep properties. Wood Science and Technology, 28: 209–218. - Yusuf, S., 1996. Properties enhancement of wood by cross-linking formation and its application to the reconstituted wood products. Wood Research, 83: 140–210. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,043 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 839 |
||