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تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر برخی صفات فنولوژیکی، مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنج رقم کلزا | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| مقاله 13، دوره 28، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 109، دی 1394، صفحه 111-120 اصل مقاله (1.61 M) | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2016.106748 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید محمدرضا احتشامی* 1؛ آرش تهرانی عارف2؛ بصیر صمدی3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه گیلان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات | ||
| 2فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد رودهن | ||
| 3کارشناس ارشد مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت بر صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنج رقم کلزا در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران در سال زراعی 89 - 1388 اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار اجرا شد. تاریخ کاشت در چهار سطح ) 20 شهریور، 5 مهر، 20 مهر )عرف منطقه( و 5 آبان( به عنوان کرت های اصلی و 5 رقم کلزا )هایولا 401 ، اکاپی، ساری گل، زرفام و RGS003 ( به عنوان کرت های فرعی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در این آزمایش صفات طول دوره جوانه زنی، طول دوره گلدهی، تعداد روز تا گلدهی و رسیدگی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعی، طول خورجین روی ساقه های اصلی و فرعی، تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین و عملکرد دانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تاریخ کاشت بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد روز تا رسیدگی و طول خورجین ساقه اصلی اثر معنی داری ) P<0.05 ( داشت. تفاوت بین ارقام کلزا در رابطه با تعداد روز رشد، طول دوره گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد معنی دار ) P<0.05 ( بود. تغییر در تاریخ کاشت باعث شد که مراحل نمو گیاه با عوامل محیطی متفاوتی مواجه شود که این عوامل بر تولید گیاه موثر بود. تأخیر در کاشت، باعث برخورد دوره پرشدن دانه با دماهای بالای محیط شد که این شرایط کاهش عملکرد دانه را در پی داشت، به طوری که تاریخ کاشت 20 شهریور با میانگین 3198 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تاریخ کاشت 5 آبان با میانگین 2293 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند. از میان ارقام مورد بررسی، رقم RGS003 بیشترین عملکرد دانه را تولید نمود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| جوانه زنی؛ خورجین؛ رسیدگی؛ رقم؛ عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of planting date on some phenological and morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of five rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. M Ehteshami1؛ A. Tehrani Aref2؛ B. Samadi3 | ||
| 1(Corresponding Author ), Assistant Professor, University of Guilan | ||
| 2Msc of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Rudehen | ||
| 3Researcher, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing date on some phenological and morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of five rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran during 2008-2009. The experimental design consisted of four randomized complete blocks (CRDB) in a split-plot arrangement. Four sowing dates (11 September, 27 September, 12 October and 27 October) as main plots and five rapeseed cultivars (RGS003, Hayola401, Okapi, Sarigol and Zarfam) as sub-plots were evaluated. In this experiment, evaluated traits included germination period length, flowering period length, number of days to flowering and maturity, plant height, number of secondary stem, pod lengh per main and secondary stems, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod and grain yield. The sowing date had significant effect on all characteristics, except number of days to maturity and pod lengh per main stem. There were significant difference between rapeseed cultivars (P<0.05) for flowering period length, number of days to flowering, plant height, yield and yield components. Change in sowing dates exposed plant development stages to different environmental factors that these factors had an impact on crop production. Delay in sowing date caused to grain filling stage encounter with higher temperatures. These conditions result in a yield reduction, so 11 September sowing date with average yield of 3198 kg.ha-1 and 27 October sowing date with average yield of 2293 kg.ha-1 had the highest and lowest grain yield, respectively. Results showed that RGS003 had the maximum seed yield among rapeseed cultivars. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| cultivar, germination, Grain yield, Maturity, POD | ||
| اصل مقاله | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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