| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,998 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,576 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,214,265 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,564,809 |
گزینش برای تحمل به خشکی در فامیل های نیمه خواهری (Half sib family) در چغندر قند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (210.58 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2016.106072 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمدرضا اوراضی زاده* 1؛ اباذر رجبی2؛ مسعود احمدی3 | ||
| 1مربی پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 2دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از مؤثرترین روشهای کاهش مقابله با خشکی و افزایش رادمان مصرف آب، اصلاح و تهیه ارقام مقاوم به خشکی است که از تحمل بالایی به خشکی برخوردار بوده و به ازاء یک واحد کاهش مصرف آب، کاهش عملکرد کمتری داشته باشند. بدین منظور اصلاح گردهافشانهای دیپلوئید متحمل به خشکی بهعنوان یکی از پایههای رقم هیبرید مدنظر قرار گرفت. از چهار توده گردهافشان دیپلوئید، تعداد 45 فامیل نیمهخواهری تهیه و در شرایط تنش خشکی ارزیابی و فامیلهای برتر با بیشترین عملکردریشه انتخاب شدند. سپس فامیلهای جدید تهیه و پس از ارزیابی نهایی، 23 فامیل برتر انتخاب و با یک سینگل کراس نرعقیم منو‍ژرم بهعنوان والد مادری تلاقی داده شدند و 23 هیبرید تست کراس بهدست آمد. این هیبریدها به همراه رقم گدوک و یک هیبرید متحمل به تنش خشکی (IR7) بهعنوان شاهد (در مجموع 25 تیمار) در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در دو آزمایش با آبیاری نرمال و تنش خشکی در ایستگاه طرق مشهد به مدت دو سال زراعی (86 و 87) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در آزمایش بدونتنش، آبیاری در طول فصل رشد بهطور معمول بر اساس 90 میلیمتر تبخیر از طشتک کلاس A انجام شد، ولی در آزمایش تنشخشکی آبیاری بر اساس اندازهگیری رطوبت خاک در عمقهای مختلف (پس از تخلیه رطوبتی خاک تا نقطه پژمردگی) صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بین فامیلها از نظر عملکرد شکر در دو آزمایش آبیاری نرمال و تنشخشکی اختلاف معنیدار وجود داشت. بهطور متوسط عملکرد شکر از 15/20 تن در هکتار در روش آبیاری نرمال به 7/10 تن در هکتار در تنشخشکی کاهش یافت. بیشترین عملکردریشه در شرایط تنشخشکی به هیبرید تست کراس شماره 12 با شجره (436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35 به مقدار 55/78 تن در هکتار تعلق داشته است که با هیبریدهای شماره 7 ،6 ، 14، 2، 5، 10 و 3 بدون اختلاف معنیدار در گروه برتر و رقم شاهد IR7 با عملکردریشه کمتر در گروه بعدی قرار گرفتند. همچنین، در تنشخشکی بیشترین شکر تولیدی به مقدار 7/93 تن در هکتار به هیبرید شماره 7 با شجره(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7 تعلق داشت. به منظور انتخاب هیبریدهای متحمل به خشکی از شاخصهای تحمل به تنش(STI)، حساسیت به تنش(SSI) و تحمل(TOL) بر مبنای عملکردشکر استفاده شد. براساس نتایج حاصله، هیبریدهای تست کراس شماره 7، 9، 12، 18 و 22 بهعنوان هیبریدهای متحمل شناخته شدند ولی با توجه به بیشترین عملکردشکر در روش تنش از بین پنج هیبرید فوق، هیبریدهای شماره 7 {(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7} و 12 {(436*231)* SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35} به ترتیب با عملکرد شکر 7/93 و 7/15 تن در هکتار بهعنوان هیبریدهای برتر متحمل انتخاب شدند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تحمل؛ تنش خشکی؛ تست کراس؛ چغندرقند؛ فامیلهای نیمهخواهری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Selection of drought-tolerant half-sib families in sugar beet | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M.R. Orazizadeh1؛ A. Rajabi2؛ M. Ahmadi3 | ||
| 1Instructor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the most effective ways to deal with drought stress and increase water use efficiency is the development of drought-tolerant varieties which display less reduction in yield per unit water reduction. Therefore, the breeding of diploid pollinators was considered as an essential measure for producing drought-tolerant hybrids. In this study, from 4 diploid pollinator populations, 45 half-sib families were developed and evaluated under drought stress condition and subsequently superior families with high root yield were selected. New families were produced and after final evaluation, 23 families with high performance were selected and crossed with a male sterile monogerm single cross as female parent and eventually 23 test-cross hybrids were produced. These hybrids together with Gadook cultivar and a drought-tolerant hybrid (IR7), as controls, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two experiments including normal irrigation and drought-stress condition at Torogh Research Station in Mashhad, Iran for two years, 2007-08. Normal irrigation was performed after 90 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan but under stress condition, irrigation was performed based on soil moisture measurement at different soil depths (after soil moisture depletion reached to wilting point). Results showed significant difference among the families in terms of sugar yield in both experiments. Sugar yield was decreased from 15.20 t ha-1 in normal irrigation to 7.10 t ha-1 under drought stress condition. Under drought stress, the highest root yield (55.78 t ha-1) was obtained in test-cross hybrid 12 [(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.35)] which was placed in superior group with hybrids 7, 6, 14, 2, 5, 10 and 3. Furthermore, the highest sugar yield (7.93 t ha-1) was obtained in hybrid 7 [(436*231)*SBSI-DR I-HSF-14-P.7]. In order to select drought-tolerant hybrids, Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Tolerance (TOL) indices were calculated based on sugar yield. According to the results, test-cross hybrids 7, 9, 12, 18 and 22 were identified as drought-tolerant hybrids but based on sugar yield results, hybrids 7 and 12 were selected as promising hybrids with 7.93 and 7.51 t ha-1 sugar yield, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Drought Stress, Half-sib families, sugar beet, Test cross, tolerance | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdelmula AA, Link W, Von Kittliz E, Stelling D. Heterosis and inheritance of drought tolerance in Faba bean (Vicia faba ). Plant breeding. 1999; 118: 485-490. Abdollahian-Noghabi M, Froud- Williams B. Drought stress and weed competition in sugar beet .British Sugar Beet Review; 2000. 68(1):47-49 Ahmadi M, Majidi Heravan EM, Sadeghian SY, Mesbah M, Darvish F. Drought tolerance variability in S1 pollinator lines developed from a sugar beet open population, Euphytica. 2011; 178:339–349. Baradaran- Firoozabadi M, Abdolahian – Noghabi M, Rahimzadeh F, Moghadam M, Ranji Z, Parsaeian M. Effect of different levels of continuous water stress on quantity and quality of three sugar beet lines. Journal of Sugar Beet 2004;19(2):133-143. (in Persian, abstract in English) Bloch D, Hoffmann C. Seasonal development of genotypic differences in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and their interaction with water supply. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2005; 191:263-272. Bloch D, Hoffmann CM, Marlander B. Solute accumulation as a cause for quality losses. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 2006; 192: 17-24. Boyer JS. Advances in drought tolerance in plants. Advances in Agronomy. 1996; 56: 187-218. Clover GRG, Smith H, Jaggard K. The crop under stress. British Sugar Beet Review. 1998; 66:17-19. Fazli H, Sadeghian SYand Mohammadian R. Importance of quantitative and qualitative characters of sugar beet in breeding for drought tolerance.The 5th Iranian Crop Science Congress. Karaj 1998; Pp: 246-247. Fernandez GC. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In: O.C.G. kuo.(ed.). Adaptation of food crop to temperature and water stress . Prov. Ann. Intn. Symp. Taiwan. 13-18 Aug. Asian. Veget. Res. And. Develop. Center. 1991. Fievet V, Touzet P, Arnaud JF and Cuguen J. Spatial Analysis of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic DNA Diversity in Wild Sea Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp maritima) Populations: Do Marine Currents Shape the Genetic Structure? Mo.l Ecol. 2007; 16: 1847- 1864. Fischer RT, Maurer R. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars.I. Grain yield responses. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1978; 29:897-917. Kirda C. Deficit irrigation practices: Deficit irrigation shielding based on plant growth stage showing water stress tolerance. FAO. http:// www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y3655E/ Y3655E00.htm. Kouchaki A, Soltani A. Sugar beet Agronomy. Jihade-Daneshgahi Press of Mashad. 1996. (in Persian) Milford GFJ, Pocock TO, Riley J. An analysis of leaf growth in sugar beet. II: Leaf appearance in field crops. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1985; 106:163-172. Mohammadian R, Abdolahian – Noghabi M, Baghani J, Haghayeghi A. The relationship of morphological traits at early growth stage of three sugar beet genotypes with final root yield and white sugar yield under different drought stress conditions. Journal of Sugar Beet 2009; 25(1):23-38. (in Persian, abstract in English) Mohammadian R, Sadeghian SY, Moghadam M, Rahimian H. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices in determining sugar beet genotypes early season drought conditions. Journal of Sugar Beet 2003; 18(1):29-49. (in Persian, abstract in English) Nasiri Mahallatti M, Sarmadnia Gh. Effect of Nacl on the growth indices of bean in different climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1990; 21: 45-55. (in Persian, abstract in English) Nourjoo A, Baghaee Kia M. Study on the irrigation cut-off effects at different growth stages on quantity and quality of sugar beet in Khoy region, Iran. Journal of Sugar Beet 2004; 20(1):27-38. (in Persian, abstract in English) Ober E. The search for drought tolerance in sugar beet. British Sugar Beet Review. 2001; 69 (1): 40-43. Ober ES, Luterbacher MC, Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in Beta vulgaris, Ann. Bot. 2002; 89: 917–924. Ober ES, Clark CJA, Le Bloa M, Royal A, Jaggard KW and Pidgeon JD. Assessing the genetic resources to improve drought tolerance in sugar beet: agronomic traits of diverse genotypes under droughted and irrigated conditions. Field Crop Res. 2004; 90:213-234. Parvizi-Almani M, Abdemishani S, Yazdi-Samadi B. Study on different sugar beet genotypes for drought tolerance.Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.1997; 28(3): 15-24. (in Persian, abstract in English) Pidgeon JD, Ober ES, Qi A, Clark CJA, Royal A and Jaggard KW. Using multi-environment sugar beet variety trials to screen for drought tolerance. Field Crop Res. 2006; 95:268-279. Rajabi A. Carbon isotope discrimination and selective breeding of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for drought tolerance. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, UK. 2006. Rajabi A, Ober ES, Griffiths H. Genotypic variation for water use efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination,and potential surrogate measures in sugar beet. Field Crops Research.2009; 112:172-181. Ransomanda CV, Ishida J K. Stomatal, non stomatal limitation of photosynthesis under water stress in field- grown grapevines. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2006; 421-433. Rosielle AA, Hamblin J. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environments. Crop Sci. 1981; 21: pp 943-946. Rytter RM. Water use efficiency, Carbon isotope discrimination and biomass production of two sugar beet varieties under well-watered and dry conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science.2005; 191(13): 426-438. Sadeghian SY, Mohammadian R, Taleghani DF, Abdolahian–Noghabi M. Relation between sugar beet traits and wxater use Efficiency in water stressed genotypes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences.2004; 7(7): 1236 – 1271. Sadeghian SY, Fazli H, Taleghani DF, Mesbah M. Genetic variation of drought stress in sugarbeet. J. Sugar Beet Res. 2000. 37: 55-77. Sadeghian Motahar SY, Mohammadian R, Taleghani D, Khorshid A. Study on improvement of drought tolerance of sugar beet varieties using half-sib family recurrent selection. Final Report. 2001. Sugar Beet Seed Institute Karaj, Iran. (in Persian, abstract in English) Shaw BTH. Thomas and DiT Cooke Responses of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) To drought and nutrient deficiency stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 2002; 37(1): 77- 83. Shehata MM, Azer SA, Mostafa SN. The effect of soil moisture on some sugar beet varieties. Egyptian J. Agric.Res. 2000; 78(3): 1141-1160 Taleghani D. Study of water use efficiency and nitrogen under normal and drought stress conditions in two sowing patterns. PhD thesis. Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran.1998. (in Persian) Taleghani D. Study on the effect of different soil moisture regimes on the yield of drought tolerant genetic resources. Final Report. 2005. Sugar Beet Seed Institute Karaj, Iran. (in Persian, abstract in English) Tohidlo Gh. Study on water use efficiency and some agro physiological of three sugar beet genotype under normal and drought stress conditions. Msc thesis, College of Agriculture ,Islamic Azad University of Karaj.1999. (in Persian) Ucan K, Gencoglan C. The effect of water deficit on yield and yield components of sugar beet .Turk J Agric. 2004; 28:163-172. Vazan s. Study on the effect of drought stress on the rate of abscisic acid accumulation and other physiological traits in sugar beet. Ph.D thesis. Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran. 2002; 212pp. (in Persian) Weeden BR. Potential of Sugar Beet on the Atherton Tableland. A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. 2000. www.virdc.gov.au/comp98/npp4.htm-25k | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,666 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 677 |
||