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EXPERIMENTAL TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS SALIX L. (SALICACEAE) IN IRAN | ||
| The Iranian Journal of Botany | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 15، شماره 1، مرداد 2009، صفحه 3-20 اصل مقاله (438.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| Ali Asghar Maassoumi* | ||
| Professor / Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands P. O. Box 13185-116, Tehran-Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The genus Salix in Iran is revised. In this study a living collection of the species in Iran was prepared and used in taxonomic and experimental studies. As a result of this study the total number of species in Iran was increased from 12 to 31. Also, 7 hybrids were recognized in Iran.. The species S. daviesii, S. dinsmorei, S. persica and S. australior were excluded from the synonymy of their related species, S. acmophylla and S. excelsa. Comparing the species in natural habitats and in cultivation several cryptic characters were reevaluated for preparing the key and descriptions. S. zygostemon is shown to be a biparental hibrid of S. cinerea and S. elbursensis. Several new records for Iran such as: S. daviesii, S. persica, S. dinsmorei, S. australior, S. tetrasperma, S. fragilis, S. denticulata, S. pentandra, S. atrocinerea, S. cinerea, S. caprea, S. pedicellata subsp. pedicellata, S. pseudomedemii, S. caucasica, S. caspica, and S. fedtschenkoi were recognized. S. firouzkuhensis, S. lacus-tari, S. viridiformis and S. elymaitica for the first time is described. For all species occurring in Iran key, short notes, habitat, distribution and general distribution are given. All living plants are in Karaj experimental station and the herbarium materials are preserved in the National Herbarium of Iran (TARI). The genus Salix in Iran is revised. In this study a living collection of the species in Iran was prepared and used in taxonomic and experimental studies. As a result of this study the total number of species in Iran was increased from 12 to 31. Also, 7 hybrids were recognized in Iran.. The species S. daviesii, S. dinsmorei, S. persica and S. australior were excluded from the synonymy of their related species, S. acmophylla and S. excelsa. Comparing the species in natural habitats and in cultivation several cryptic characters were reevaluated for preparing the key and descriptions. S. zygostemon is shown to be a biparental hibrid of S. cinerea and S. elbursensis. Several new records for Iran such as: S. daviesii, S. persica, S. dinsmorei, S. australior, S. tetrasperma, S. fragilis, S. denticulata, S. pentandra, S. atrocinerea, S. cinerea, S. caprea, S. pedicellata subsp. pedicellata, S. pseudomedemii, S. caucasica, S. caspica, and S. fedtschenkoi were recognized. S. firouzkuhensis, S. lacus-tari, S. viridiformis and S. elymaitica for the first time is described. For all species occurring in Iran key, short notes, habitat, distribution and general distribution are given. All living plants are in Karaj experimental station and the herbarium materials are preserved in the National Herbarium of Iran (TARI). | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Salix؛ Taxonomy؛ experimental studies؛ Iran؛ new species؛ distribution | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تاکزونومی تجربی جنس بید در ایران | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| علی اصغر معصومی | ||
| استاد پژوهش ، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| جنس بید با تأسیس بیدستان در محیط یکنواخت که از قسمت‌های مختلف ایران جمع‌آوری شده بودند به طور تجربی و تاکزونومیکی کاملاً مرور شده‌اند. در این مطالعه تعداد کلی گونه‌های بید از 12 عدد به 31 گونه منفک و 7 دورگ افزایش یافته است. در این تحقیق S. issatissensis از S. excelsa var. rodonii به عنوان گونه مستقل ابقاء شده است و گونه‌های S. dinsmorei ،S. daviesii، S. persica و S. australior از حالت مترادفی از گونه‌هایS. acmophylla و S. excelsa استخراج شده و به عنوان گونه‌های مستقل و پایدار معرفی شده‌اند. با مقایسه نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده از طبیعت با نمونه‌های کاشته شده و صفات پنهانی، برای کلید شناسایی و شرح گونه‌ها دوباره ارزیابی شده‌اند. S. zygostemon به عنوان یک دورگ دوالدی از S. cinerea و S. elbursensis معرفی می‌گردد. گونه‌های زیر برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می‌گردد. S. tetrasperma, S. dinsmorei, S. pedicellata subsp. pedicellata, S. caprea,S. cinerea, S. atrocinerea, S. fedtschenkoi, S. caspica, S. caucasica, S. daviesii, S. persica, S. australior, S. pentandra, S. denticulata, S. fragilis, S. pseudomedemii. گونه‌های زیر به عنوان گونه جدید معرفی می‌گردند. S. lacus-tari,S. viridiformis, و S. elymaitica, S. firouzkouhensis. برای همه گونه‌ها یادداشت کوتاه، اطلاعات رویشگاه، پراکندگی در ایران و پراکندگی جهانی داده شده است. همه گیاهان زنده در ایستگاه تجربی کرج و نمونه‌های هرباریومی در هرباریوم مرکزی ایران نگهداری می‌گردند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Salix, Taxonomy, experimental studies, Iran, new species, distribution | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Fang-Zhen, F. 1987: On the distribution and origin of Salix in the world. -Acta Phytotax. Sinica 25: 307-312. Floderus, B. 1923: Om Grönlands Salices. -Medd. Grønland, 63: 61–203. Floderus, B. 1926a: On the Salix-flora of Kamtchatka. -Arkiv. Bot., 20A (6): 1–70. Floderus, B. 1926b. Salix in C. A. Lindman. Svensk Fanerogam-flora. 2 uppl. -Stockholm: 196–214. Floderus, B. 1930: Sibiriska inslag i Fennoskandias Salix-flora. -Bot. Notiser, 1930: 325–343. Floderus, B. 1931: Salicaceae Fennoscandicae in O. Holmberg Skandinaviens Flora, 1b. -Stockholm. Görz, R. 1922: Über norddeutsche Weiden. -Feddes Repert., Beih. 13. Görz, R. 1933: Salicaceae Asiaticae, II. -Feddes Repert., 32: 387–398. Görz, R. 1934a: Salicaceae Asiaticae, III. -Feddes Repert., 36: 20–38. Görz R. 1934b: Einige kritische Salices aus Persien. -Feddes Repert., 35: 283–292. Görz, R.1934c: Die Gattung Salix in Kaukasien. -Feddes Repert., 36: 225–239. Görz, R. 1937: Salix in Flora Turkmenii [Flora of Turkmenia], 2: 13–24. -Ashkhabad (in Russian). Hörandl, E. 1992: Die Gattung Salix in Österreich. -Wien. Zool.-Botan. Ges. 170 pp. Koch, W. 1828. De Salicibus Europaeis commentatio. -Erlangae. Maassoumi, A. A, Moeeni & Rahiminezhad. 2008: New species and new records of the genus Salix in Iran. -Iran. Journ. Bot. 14 (1): 1- 6. Nazarov, M. I. 1936: Salix in: Flora URSS, 5: 24–216, 707–713. -Moscow & Leningrad, Izd-vo AN SSSR (in Russian). Ohashi, H., 2000: A systematic enumeration of Japanese Salix (Salicaceae). -J. Jpn. Bot. 75: 1-41. Parsa, A. 1949: Salix in Flore de l’Iran, 4: 1346-1366. -Teheran. Rafinesque, C. S. 1817: Amer. Monthly Mag., 1 (fide Rehder, 1949). Rafinesque, C. S. 1838: Alsographia Americana (fìde Rehder, 1949). Rechinger, K. H. 1964: Salix in Tutin & al. Flora Europaea 1: 43–54. -Cambridge. Rechinger, K. H. 1981: Salix. In G. Hegi. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, Aufl. 3, Bd. 3 T. 1: 24–135. -Berlin & Hamburg. Schneider, C. K. 1904: Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, 1. -Jena. Scopoli, J. A. 1760: Flora Carniolica.-Viennae. Scopoli, J. A. 1772: Flora Carniolica se. 2. –Viennae. Seringe, N. Ch. 1815: Essai d’une monographie des Saules de la Suisse. -Berne. Skvortsov, A. K. 1955: [Willows of Central Russia and their identification in the wintertime]. - Bull. MOIP, otd. biol., 60 (3): 113–117 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1956a: Matériaux pour la morphologie et la systematique des salicales. 2. Nouvelle espece de saule des Saianes orientales. -Bull. MOIP, otd. biol., 61 (1): 76–78 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1956b: [Some additions and amendments to the willow flora of West Siberia]. -Sistem. Zametki Gerbariya Tomsk. un-ta 79–80: 13–15 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1957a: Commentationes de morphologia et systematica Salicum III. [A new willow species from the section Chrysanthae W. Koch. -Bot. Materialy Gerbariya Bot. in-ta AN SSSR, 18: 34–42 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1957b: [On the correct species epithet for the Chosenia]. -Bot. Materialy Gerbariya Bot. in-ta AN SSSR, 18: 42–47 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1968: Willows of Russia and adjacent countries (in Russian). - Joensuu University, Finland. Skvortsov, A. K 1969: Salix in K. H. Rechinger Fl. Iranica no. 65: 12-43. –Graz. Skvortsov, A. K. 1981: Salicaceae in An. A. Fedorov (ed.), Flora of Russia vol. 5: 1-37 (translated by V. S. Kothekar 2001. India. Skvortsov, A. K. 1999: Willows of Russia and adjacent countries (Translated by N. Kadis, 1999). Skvortsov, A. K. & J. R. Edmondson 1982: Salix in P. H. Davis Flora of Turkey vol. 7: 694-716. -Edinburgh. Wimmer, F. 1849: Verzeichnis der in Schlesien wildwachsenden Weiden. -Flora 32: 33–52. Wimmer, F. 1853: Wildwachsende Bastardpflanzen hauptsächlich in Schlesien beobachtet. -Denkschr. Z. Feier d. 50-jährigen Bestehens Schlesischen Gesellschaft: 243–282. Breslau. Wimmer, F. 1854. Zwei neue Arten aus der Flora der Schweiz. -Flora, 37, 2 (11): 161–162. Adjacent Regions vol. 7: 21-31. –Warszawa-Pozna, Poland. Christensen, K. I. 1997: Salix in Fl. Hellenica vol. 1: 27-33. -Federal Republic of Germany. De Candolle, A. P. 1832: Revue de quelques ouvrages sur le genre des Saules. — Biblioth. universelle Genève, Sci. et arts, 49: 15–27. Dumortier, B. Ch. 1825: Verhandeling over het geslacht der Wilgen en de natuurlijke Familie der Amentaceae. Bijdr. tot de Natuurkund. -Wetensch., 1 (1): 44–61. Dumortier, B. Ch. 1862. Monographie des saules de la flore Belge. -Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg., 1: 130–147. Eichler, A. W. 1878: Blütendiagramme, 2. -Leipzig. Fang-Zhen, F. 1987: On the distribution and origin of Salix in the world. -Acta Phytotax. Sinica 25: 307-312. Floderus, B. 1923: Om Grönlands Salices. -Medd. Grønland, 63: 61–203. Floderus, B. 1926a: On the Salix-flora of Kamtchatka. -Arkiv. Bot., 20A (6): 1–70. Floderus, B. 1926b. Salix in C. A. Lindman. Svensk Fanerogam-flora. 2 uppl. -Stockholm: 196–214. Floderus, B. 1930: Sibiriska inslag i Fennoskandias Salix-flora. -Bot. Notiser, 1930: 325–343. Floderus, B. 1931: Salicaceae Fennoscandicae in O. Holmberg Skandinaviens Flora, 1b. -Stockholm. Görz, R. 1922: Über norddeutsche Weiden. -Feddes Repert., Beih. 13. Görz, R. 1933: Salicaceae Asiaticae, II. -Feddes Repert., 32: 387–398. Görz, R. 1934a: Salicaceae Asiaticae, III. -Feddes Repert., 36: 20–38. Görz R. 1934b: Einige kritische Salices aus Persien. -Feddes Repert., 35: 283–292. Görz, R.1934c: Die Gattung Salix in Kaukasien. -Feddes Repert., 36: 225–239. Görz, R. 1937: Salix in Flora Turkmenii [Flora of Turkmenia], 2: 13–24. -Ashkhabad (in Russian). Hörandl, E. 1992: Die Gattung Salix in Österreich. -Wien. Zool.-Botan. Ges. 170 pp. Koch, W. 1828. De Salicibus Europaeis commentatio. -Erlangae. Maassoumi, A. A, Moeeni & Rahiminezhad. 2008: New species and new records of the genus Salix in Iran. -Iran. Journ. Bot. 14 (1): 1- 6. Nazarov, M. I. 1936: Salix in: Flora URSS, 5: 24–216, 707–713. -Moscow & Leningrad, Izd-vo AN SSSR (in Russian). Ohashi, H., 2000: A systematic enumeration of Japanese Salix (Salicaceae). -J. Jpn. Bot. 75: 1-41. Parsa, A. 1949: Salix in Flore de l’Iran, 4: 1346-1366. -Teheran. Rafinesque, C. S. 1817: Amer. Monthly Mag., 1 (fide Rehder, 1949). Rafinesque, C. S. 1838: Alsographia Americana (fìde Rehder, 1949). Rechinger, K. H. 1964: Salix in Tutin & al. Flora Europaea 1: 43–54. -Cambridge. Rechinger, K. H. 1981: Salix. In G. Hegi. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, Aufl. 3, Bd. 3 T. 1: 24–135. -Berlin & Hamburg. Schneider, C. K. 1904: Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, 1. -Jena. Scopoli, J. A. 1760: Flora Carniolica.-Viennae. Scopoli, J. A. 1772: Flora Carniolica se. 2. –Viennae. Seringe, N. Ch. 1815: Essai d’une monographie des Saules de la Suisse. -Berne. Skvortsov, A. K. 1955: [Willows of Central Russia and their identification in the wintertime]. - Bull. MOIP, otd. biol., 60 (3): 113–117 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1956a: Matériaux pour la morphologie et la systematique des salicales. 2. Nouvelle espece de saule des Saianes orientales. -Bull. MOIP, otd. biol., 61 (1): 76–78 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1956b: [Some additions and amendments to the willow flora of West Siberia]. -Sistem. Zametki Gerbariya Tomsk. un-ta 79–80: 13–15 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1957a: Commentationes de morphologia et systematica Salicum III. [A new willow species from the section Chrysanthae W. Koch. -Bot. Materialy Gerbariya Bot. in-ta AN SSSR, 18: 34–42 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1957b: [On the correct species epithet for the Chosenia]. -Bot. Materialy Gerbariya Bot. in-ta AN SSSR, 18: 42–47 (in Russian). Skvortsov, A. K. 1968: Willows of Russia and adjacent countries (in Russian). - Joensuu University, Finland. Skvortsov, A. K 1969: Salix in K. H. Rechinger Fl. Iranica no. 65: 12-43. –Graz. Skvortsov, A. K. 1981: Salicaceae in An. A. Fedorov (ed.), Flora of Russia vol. 5: 1-37 (translated by V. S. Kothekar 2001. India. Skvortsov, A. K. 1999: Willows of Russia and adjacent countries (Translated by N. Kadis, 1999). Skvortsov, A. K. & J. R. Edmondson 1982: Salix in P. H. Davis Flora of Turkey vol. 7: 694-716. -Edinburgh. Wimmer, F. 1849: Verzeichnis der in Schlesien wildwachsenden Weiden. -Flora 32: 33–52. Wimmer, F. 1853: Wildwachsende Bastardpflanzen hauptsächlich in Schlesien beobachtet. -Denkschr. Z. Feier d. 50-jährigen Bestehens Schlesischen Gesellschaft: 243–282. Breslau. Wimmer, F. 1854. Zwei neue Arten aus der Flora der Schweiz. -Flora, 37, 2 (11): 161–162. | ||
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