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بررسی اثرات نعناع، جعفری، شوید، گشنیز، سیر و ریحان بر عملکرد، فاکتورهای خونی، سیستم ایمنی، مورفولوژی روده و طعم گوشت در جوجه‌های گوشتی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 8، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، مرداد 1394، صفحه 446-459 اصل مقاله (282.63 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2015.101880 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مینو میرزاوند1؛ شعبان رحیمی* 2؛ محمدعلی سحری3 | ||
| 1کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم طیور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 2استاد، گروه علوم طیور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| 3استاد، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس | ||
| چکیده | ||
| آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی دارند، اما احتمالاً دارای اثرات منفی مانند ایجاد مقاومت‌های میکروبی در انسان و دام می‌شوند. یکی از جایگزین‌های آنتی‌بیوتیک به‌عنوان محرک رشد، گیاهان دارویی هستند. به همین منظور برای بررسی اثرات گیاهان دارویی (نعناع، جعفری، شوید، گشنیز، سیر و ریحان) با آنتی‌بیوتیک آزمایشی با 480 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک روزه سویه رأس 308 در قالب 8 تیمار و 3 تکرار (هر تکرار شامل 20 پرنده) اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پایه بدون هیچ‌گونه افزودنی)، تیمار گیاهان دارویی و معطر به‌ترتیب: نعناع، جعفری، شوید، گشنیز، سیر و ریحان هر کدام به میزان 5/1% و تیمار آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین به میزان ppm15 بود. وزن زنده، خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل غذایی، فاکتورهای خونی، سیستم ایمنی و طعم گوشت در پایان دوره مورد اندازه‌گیری و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویرجینیامایسین وزن بدن و خوراک مصرفی را در کل دوره تحت تأثیر قرار داد (05/0>p)، در حالیکه ضریب تبدیل غذایی تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0<p). کمترین میزان کلسترول و LDL سرم در تیمار سیر مشاهده شد (05/0>p). کمترین میزان اسید اوریک خون مربوط به تیمار جعفری بود (05/0>p). عیار آنتی‌بادی علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفند در پاسخ ثانویه در سیر و شوید بیشترین بود (05/0>p)، البته عیار آنتی‌بادی علیه ویروس واکسن نیوکاسل تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0<p). نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در سیر کمترین و در کنترل بیشترین بود (05/0>p). وزن نسبی بورس و طحال به‌عنوان دو ارگان لنفوئیدی بین تیمارها اندازه‌گیری شد، که تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0<p). ارتفاع پرز روده در هیچ‌یک از قسمت‌های روده معنی‌دار نبود (05/0<p). نسبت ارتفاع پرز روده به عمق کریپت و نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عرض آن معنی‌دار بود (05/0>p). بنابراین نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که گشنیز و نعناع بیشترین تأثیر را بر رنگ، طعم، بافت و پذیرش کلی گوشت مرغ داشته (05/0>p) و می‌توان از آنها به‌عنوان افزودنی غذایی در جیره طیور استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| جوجه‌های گوشتی؛ گیاهان دارویی و معطر؛ نعناع؛ جعفری؛ شوید؛ گشنیز؛ سیر؛ ریحان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation the effects of mint, parsley, dill, coriander, garlic and basil on broiler performance, blood factors, immune system, intestinal morphology and taste of meat | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Mirzavand1؛ Sh. Rahimi2؛ M.A. Sahari3 | ||
| 1MSc. Student, Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Poultry Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Department of Food Science Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Antibiotics have a positive effect on broilers performance; however they may have negative effects such as microbial resistance in humans and animals. Medicinal plants are one of the alternatives to antibiotics as growth stimulators. A research was conducted to compare the effects of medicinal plants: mint, basil, parsley, dill, coriander, garlic (1.5% in feed) with antibiotic virginiamycin (15ppm in feed) on broiler performance, blood factors, immune system, intestinal morphology and organoleptic tastes of broiler meat. For this purpose an experiment with a total of 480 d- old male broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were divided into eight treatments with three replicates of 20 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The highest body weight and the lowest feed intake were related to virginiamycin (p<0.05). There was no difference in feed conversion ratio among treatments (p>0.05). LDL and cholesterol levels were lowest in the group fed with garlic (p<0.05). Lower blood uric acid levels were associated with parsley (p<0.05). Relative weights of lymphoid organs (spleen and bursa Fabricious) as two immune indexes were compared among different groups which was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in secondary response was higher in garlic and dill groups (p<0.05). Antibody responses to Newcastle disease vaccine (LaSota) was not affected by treatments (p>0.05). The lowest and highest heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was obtained in garlic group and control group (p<0.05), respectively. Villi height was not changed significantly in any segment of intestine (p<0.05). Ratio of villous height to crypt depth and villous height to basal width was significant (p<0.05). It is concluded that coriander and mint have significant effects in odor, color, texture and overall acceptance of broiler meat (p<0.05), so these plants can be used as feed additives in poultry diets. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| broilers, medicinal and aromatic plants, mint, parsley, Dill, coriander, garlic, Basil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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