| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,074 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,301 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,141,354 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,046,261 |
تاثیر سیلوکردن محصول فرعی پسته بر فعالیت‌های تخمیری و کنترل تولید متان در شکمبه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| علوم دامی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 28، شماره 106، خرداد 1394، صفحه 43-54 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/asj.2015.101346 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| پیروز شاکری* 1؛ علی‌رضا آقاشاهی2؛ حمید مصطفوی3؛ مهدی میرزایی4 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 4گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تاثیر تانن موجود در محصول فرعی پسته آفتاب‌خشک و سیلو‌شده بر فعالیت‌های تخمیری و کنترل تولید متان در شکمبه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. به‌این منظور، محصول فرعی پسته بدون افزودنی در یک سیلوی خندقی سیلو شد و هم‌زمان بخشی از آن در مقابل آفتاب خشک گردید. پس‌از 3 ماه نمونه‌های سیلاژ با روش خشک کردن انجمادی خشک شد. سپس ترکیبات شیمیایی هر دو نوع محصول تعیین شد. تخمیرپذیری نمونه‌ها با 4 تکرار از طریق انکوباسیون به‌همراه مایع شکمبه بافری شده و به‌مدت 24 ساعت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی تعیین شد. از قصیل جو و یک کنسانتره تجاری به‌عنوان کنترل مثبت استفاده گردید. در پایان حجم‌گاز، متان تولیدی، غلظت کل و نسبت هر یک از اسیدهای چرب فرار و غلظت آمونیاک تعیین شد. سیلوکردن محصول فرعی پسته، افزایش ترکیبات فنلی و کاهش کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی را به‌همراه داشت (05/0>P). حجم‌گاز و آمونیاک تولیدی هر دو نوع محصول فرعی پسته به‌طور معنی‌داری از قصیل جو و کنسانتره تجاری کمتر بود (01/0>P)، همچنین مقدار کل اسیدهای چرب فرار در هر دو نوع محصول از کنسانتره تجاری کمتر (01/0>P) بود. کمترین نسبت استات به پروپیونات و بالاترین pH با تخمیر سیلاژ محصول فرعی پسته مشاهده شد (05/0>P) و در اثر تخمیر هر دو نوع محصول فرعی، غلظت کمتری (01/0>P) از متان در مقایسه با نمونه‌های کنترل مثبت تولید شد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که محصول فرعی پسته باعث کاهش تولید متان گردید و می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهکاری جدید برای دستکاری تخمیر شکمبه‌ای استفاده شود | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| محصول فرعی پسته؛ تانن؛ متان؛ اسیدهای چرب فرار و آمونیاک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of ensiling pistachio by-products on ruminal fermentation and methane emission mitigation using in vitro batch fermentation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Pirouz shakeri1؛ Ali reza Aghashahi2؛ Hamid Mostafavi3؛ Mehdi Mirzaee4 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The present study was conducted to examine the effects of sun dried and ensiled pistachio by-product (PBP) on fermentation and methane emission in the rumen using an in vitro batch fermentation system. For this purpose, fresh PBP were ensiled into a trench silo without any additives and simultaneously some sun dried PBP were prepared. After 3 month, the ensiled PBP samples were freeze-dried and then chemical analysis was conducted for both samples. All samples were incubated with four replications using buffered rumen fluid for 24 hours. Two positive controls (i.e., oaten chaff and commercial concentrate) were included in the assay as standards to detect differences. At the end of incubation gas pressure, pH and total volatile fatty acids were used as indicators of overall sample fermentability, and concentrations of methane, ammonia, acetate and propionate indicated changes in fermentation end products. The result showed that the ensiled PBP had lower aNDFom and water soluble carbohydrates but greater in phenolic compounds compared with the sun dried PBP. Gas production were lower (P<0.01) in sun dried and ensiled pistachio by-products than the oaten chaff and commercial concentrate, although the amounts of volatile fatty acids and ammonia for both PBPwere lower (P<0.01) than the commercial concentrate. The lowest acetate to propionate ratio and the highest pH were in ensiled PBPhowever, a significant reduction (P<0.01) in methane emission was observed with both PBP samples in comparison to the positive controls. In general, these findings indicate that PBP has a great potential to decrease methane mitigation and can used as a new alternative for modify of rumen fermentation | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pistachio by-products, tannin, methane, volatile fatty acids, ammonia | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
AFRC. (1992). Agricultural and Food Research Council. Technical committee on response to nutrients, Report No 9. Nutritive requirements of ruminant animals: Nutrition Abstract a Reviews, Series B: Livestock Feed and Feeding, pp: 62- 787. AOAC. (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed., Arlington, VA. Bagheripour, E., Rozbehan, Y. and Alipour, D. (2008). Effect of ensiling, air-drying and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of pistachio by-products. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 146: 327-336. Beauchemin, K.A., McGinn, S.M., Martinez, T.F. and McAllister, T.A. (2007). Use of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees to reduce methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 1990-1996. Beever, D.E. and Mould, F.L. (2000). Forage evaluation for efficient ruminant livestock production. In: D. I., Given, E. Owen, R. F. E. Axford and H. M. Omed. (Eds) Forage Evaluation in Ruminant Nutrition. CABI publishing. pp: 20-42. Ben Salem, H., Saghrouni, L. and Nefzaoui, A. (2005). Attempts to deactivate tannins in fodder shrubs with physical and chemical treatments. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 122: 109-121. Bergmeyer, H.U. and Beutler, H.O. (1985). In: Bergmeyer, H.U. (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, vol. VIII, third ed. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, The Netherlands, pp: 454-461. Carulla, J.E., Kreuzer, M., Machmüller, A. and Hess, H.D. (2005). Supplementation of Acacia mearnsii tannins decreases methanogenesis and urinary nitrogen in forage-fed sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 56: 961-970. Deware, W.A., McDonald, P. and Wittenbury, R. (1963). The hydrolysis of grass hemicelluloses during ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric., 60: 147-153. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebes, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28: 350-356. Durmic, Z., Hutton, P., Revell, D.K., Emms, J., Hughes, S. and Vercoe, P.E. (2010). In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody perennial plant species that maybe considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 160: 98-109. Hajalizadeh, Z., Dayani, O. and Tahmasbi, R. (2012). Effect of feeding pistachio pulp silage on ruminal protozoa population and pH in Kermani sheep. The fifth Congress of Animal Science. Isfahan University of Technology. pp: 978-982. (in Persian) Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., Abel, H. and Szegletti, C. (1995). Degradation of condensed tannins by rumen microbes exposed to querbracho tannin (QT) in rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) and effects of QT on fermentative processes in the RUSITEC. J. Sci. Food Agric., 69: 495-500. Makkar, H.P.S. (2003). Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: A laboratory manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 102P. Makkar, H.P.S. and Singh, B. (1993). Effect of storage and urea addition on detannification and in sacco dry matter digestibility of mature oak (Quercus incana) leaves. Anim. Food Sci. Technol., 41: 247-259. McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heren, S.J.E. (1991). Thebiochemistry of silage. 2nded. Chalcombe Pub. Abersyth. U. K. McDougall, E.I. (1948). Studies on ruminant saliva, 1. The composition and output of sheep’s saliva. Biochem. J., 43: 99-109. McNabb, W.C., Waghorn, G.C., Peters, J.S. and Barry, T.N. (1996). The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus upon the solubilization and degradation of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase protein in the rumen and on sites of digestion. Br. J. Nutr., 76: 535-549. Min, B.R., Barry, T.N., Attwood, G.T. and McNabb, W.C. (2003). The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 106: 3-19. Mokhtarpour, A., Naserian, A.A., Tahmasbi, A.M. and Valizadeh, R. (2012). Effect of feeding pistachio by-products silage supplemented with polyethylene glycol and urea on Holstein dairy cows performance in early lactation. J. Lives. Sci., 148: 208-213. Nkrumah, J.D., Okine, E.K., Mathison, G.W., Schmid, K., Li, C., Basarab, J.A. and et al., (2006). Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with metabolic rate, methane production, and energy partitioning in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 145-153. Patra, A.K. and Saxena, J. (2011). Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91: 24-37. SAS. (2003). SAS User’s Guide Statistics. Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary NC. Scalbert, A. (1991). Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry 30: 3875-3883. Schonhusen, U., Zitnan, R., Kuhla, S., Jentsch, W., Derno, M. and Voigt, J. (2003). Effects of protozoa on methane production in rumen and hindgut of calves around time of weaning. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 57: 279-295. Shakeri, P. (2013). Evaluating chemical composition, digestibility and nutritive value of dried and silaged pistachio by- product in ruminant nutrition. Ph.D. Thesis in Animal Science. Isfahan University of Technology, 189P. (in Persian) Shakeri, P. and Fazaeli, H. (2007). Study on the use of different levels of pistachio by-product in diets of fattening lambs. Iranian J. Agric. Sci., 38:3. 529-534. (in Persian) Shakeri, P., Riasi, A., Alikhani, M., Fazaeli, H. and Ghorbani, G.R. (2013). Effects of feeding pistachio by-products silage on growth performance, serum metabolites and urine characteristics in Holstein male calves. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nut., 97: 1022-1029. Smith, D. (1968). Forage management physiology meeting. P:54. Univ, Illinois, Urbana. Soliva, C.R., Zeleke, A.B., Clement, C., Hess, H.D., Fievez, V. and Kreuzer, M. (2008). In vitro screening of various tropical foliages, seeds, fruits and medicinal plants for low methane and high ammonia generating potentials in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 53-71. Tavendale, M.H., Meagher, L.P., Pacheco, D., Walker, N., Attwood, G.T. and. Sivakumaran, S. (2005). Methane production from in vitro rumen incubations with Lotus pedunculatus and Medicago sativa, and effects of extractable condensed tannin fractions on methanogenesis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123: 403-419. Valizadeh, R., Naserian, A.A. and Vahmani, P. (2009). Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8:1. 2363-2368. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2th ed. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY, 476P. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597. Waghorn, G.C. (2008). Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production- progress and challenges. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 116-139. Waghorn, G.C., Tavendale, M.H. and Woodfield, D.R. (2002). Methanogenesis from forages fed to sheep. Proc. N. Z. Grassl. Assoc., 64: 167-171. Wang, Y., Alexander, T.W. and McAllister, T.A. (2009). In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation. J. Sci. Food Agric., 89: 2252-2260. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,774 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 890 |
||