| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,036 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,984 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,765,158 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,188,760 |
تأثیر باکتریWolbachia بر پاسخهای بویایی و قدرت پارازیتیسم زنبور Trichogramma brassicae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 1392، صفحه 65-79 اصل مقاله (278.7 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2013.100600 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| شهرام فرخی* ؛ جلال شیرازی؛ محمدرضا عطاران | ||
| مؤسسه‌ی تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک | ||
| چکیده | ||
| زنبورهای تریکوگراما به عنوان پارازیتویید تخم و عامل کنترل بیولوژیک بال‌پولک‌داران زیانآور در سطح وسیعی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. این زنبورهای هاپلودیپلویید دارای دو شیوهی تولیدمثلی شامل نرزایی و مادهزایی میباشند که مادهزایی آن‌ها اغلب به‌دلیل حضور باکتری Wolbachiaبه‌صورت هم‌زیست درون سلولی است. طی سالهای اخیر استفاده از زنبورهای مادهزا و جمعیتهای تکجنسی به عنوان شیوهای جهت افزایش کارایی کنترل بیولوژیک مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر این باکتری بر ویژگیهای رفتاری و قدرت پراکنش و میزان پارازیتیسم زنبورهای مادهزا، جمعیتهای دوجنسی (B) و مادهزای (BW+) زنبور Trichogramma brassicae(اکوتیپ بابلسر) در قالب آزمایشهای بویایی سنجی و همچنین رهاسازی روی بوتههای ذرت در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس اتاق حرارت ثابت با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. نتایجی که با استفاده از بویاییسنج لولهای Y شکل بدست آمد، نشان داد که باکتری Wolbachia در زنبورهای مادهی اکوتیپ بابلسر که آلودگی آن به‌صورت مختلط میباشد، اثر منفی بر قدرت شناسایی و ردیابی رایحهی ناشی از آب و عسل و تخم میزبان واسط و نیز تولید فرمون جنسی آن‌ها تحمیل نمیکند. نتایج آزمایش رهاسازی نیز حاکی از آن است که تفاوت معنیداری بین تعداد تخم پارازیت شده به‌ازای هر زنبور ماده از جمعیتهای مورد آزمایش وجود ندارد. اما بر اساس محاسبات، با رهاسازی 100 عدد زنبور (شامل زنبورهای نر در جمعیت دوجنسی)، به‌طور میانگین تعداد دسته تخم بیشتری بهوسیلهی جمعیت مادهزا (01/6) در مقایسه با جمعیت دوجنسی (88/2) پارازیته میشود. در مجموع چنین نتیجهگیری میشود که رهاسازی این لاین مادهزای زنبور تریکوگراما در شرایط طبیعی میتواند از کارایی نسبی بیشتری در برنامههای کنترل بیولوژیک برخوردار باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Trichogramma brassicae؛ جمعیت تکجنسی؛ Wolbachia؛ بویاییسنج Y شکل؛ مادهزایی؛ پراکنش؛ ذرت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Wolbachia effect on olfactory responses and parasitism rate of Trichogramma brassicae in laboratory conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahram Farrokhi؛ Jalal Shirazi؛ Mohammad Reza Attaran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Trichogramma wasps (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) are frequently used as egg parasitoid and biological control agent of lepidopteran pests. These haplodiploid wasps display two reproductive modes, including thelytoky and arrhenotoky. The thelytoky (unisexuality) are often associated with the presence of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria (α-proteobacteria). The use of thelytokous parasitoids has long been considered as a way to enhance the biocontrol efficacy. In this study a series of experiments were conducted to compare the behavioral aspects, dispersal potential and parasitism of thelytokous (BW+) and bisexual (B) Trichogramma brassicae strains (Baboulsar ecotype) at 25◦C in laboratory conditions. By using Y-tube olfactometer, it was observed that the Wolbachia infection in the Baboulsar strain (mixed population) neither affected the wasp's response to volatile odors of honey water solution and factitious host eggs nor did it interfere with female wasp's sex pheromone emission. Greenhouse release tests on corn plants, resulted in non significant differences between the strains taking the number of parasitized eggs per one female wasp into consideration. However, based on releasing 100 wasps (male and female in the case of bisexual), the number of egg masses parasitized by thelytokous T. brassicae (6.01) was significantly higher than B strain (2.88). Therefore, this thelytokous line of Trichogramma might be superior to bisexual conspecifics under more natural conditions and hence have a higher potential in pest control. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Trichogramma brassicae, unisexual, Wolbachia, Y-tube olfactometer, thelytoky, dispersal, Corn | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Almeida, R. 2004. Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts.Ph.D. Thesis, WageningenUniversity, The Netherlands, 142 pp. Ardeh, M. J. 2005. Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes.Ph.D. Thesis, WageningenUniversity, The Netherlands, 104 pp. Attaran, M. R. & Dadpour Moghanloo, H. 2011. An analytical review of present status and future prospective in utilization of Trichogramma wasps for biological control of agricultural pests in Iran. Proceeding of the biological control development congress in Iran, 27-28 July, Tehran, Iran, 94-112. Bigler, F. 1989. Quality assessment and control in entomophagous insects used for biological control. Journal of Applied Entomology. 108: 390-400. Bigler, F., Bieri, M., Fritschy, A. & Seidel, K. 1988. Variation in locomotion between laboratory strains of Trichogramma maidis and its impact on parasitism of eggs of Ostrinia nubilalis in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 49: 283-290. Braig, H. R., Zhou, W., Dobson, S. & O'Neill, S. L. 1998. Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the major surface protein of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. Journal of Bacteriology. 180: 2373–2378. Cerutti, F. & Bigler, F. 1995. Quality assessment of Trichogramma brassicae in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 75: 19-26. Ebrahimi, E., Pintureau, B. & Shojai, M. 1998. Morphological and enzymatic study of the genus Trichogramma in Iran. Applied Entomology and Pathology. 66: 39-43 (In Persian with English summary). Farrokhi, S. 2010. Evaluation of Wolbachia impact on biological characteristics of thelytokous Trichogramma brassicae. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran, 153 pp. (In Persian with English summary). Farrokhi, S., Ashouri, A., Shirazi, J., Allahyari, H. & Huigens, M.E. 2010. A comparative study on the functional response of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected forms of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae. Journal of Insect Science. 10(167). Fathipour, Y., Kamali, K., Khalghani, J. & Abdollahi, G. 2000. Functional response of Trissolcus grandis (Hym., Scelionidae) on different egg densities of Eurygaster integriceps (Het., Scutelleridae) and effects of different wheat genotypes on it. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology. 68: 1-17 (In Persian with English summary). Fatouros, N. E. 2006. Parasitic wasps on butterfly expedition: Foraging strategies of egg and larval parasitoids exploiting infochemicals of brussels sprouts and their Pieris hosts. Ph.D. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin, 181 pp. Fatouros, N. E., Dicke, M., Mumm, R., Meiners, T. & Hilker, M. 2008. Foraging behavior of egg parasitoids exploiting chemical information. Behavioral Ecology. 19(3): 677-689. Godfray, H. C. J. 1994. Parasitoids. PrincetonUniversity Press, Chichester, West Sussex. Gonςalves, C. I., Huigens, M. E., Verbaarschot, P., Duarte, S., Mexia, A. & Tavares, J. 2006. Natural occurrence of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Trichogramma species in tomato fields in Portugal. Biological Control. 37:375-381. Hassan, S. A. 1988. Choice of the suitable Trichogramma species to control the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and the cotton bollworm Heliothis armigera Hbn. Colloques de l'INRA. 43: 197-198. Hassan, S. A. 1990. A simple method to select effective Trichogramma strains for use in biological control. pp. 201-205 In: Wajnberg, E. & Vinson, S. B. (eds), Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids, Les Colloques de l'INRA 56. Hohmann, C. L., Luck, R. F. & Stouthamer, R. 2001. Effect of Wolbachia on the survival and reproduction of Trichogramma kaykai Pinto & Stouthamer (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Neotropical Entomology. 30(4). Huigens, M. E., Hohmann, C. L., Luck, R. F., Gort, G. & Stouthamer, R. 2004. Reduced competitive ability due to Wolbachia infection in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 110: 115-123. Huigens, M. E. & Stouthamer, R. 2003. Parthenogenesis associated with Wolbachia. pp. 247-266. In: Bourtzis, K. & Miller, T. A. (eds), Insect symbiosis.CRC Press. Kalyebi, A., Overholt, W. A., Schulthess, F., Mueke, J. M., Hassan, S. A. & Sithanantham, A. 2005. Functional response of six indigenous trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) in Kenya: influence of temperature and relative humidity. Biological Control. 32: 164-171. Li, Y. L. 1994. Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control on different crops: a survey. pp. 37-55. In: E. Wajnberg, & S. A. Hassan (eds), Biological control with egg parasitoids, CAB International. Miura, K. & Tagami, Y. 2004. Comparison of life history characters of arrhenotokous and Wolbachia-associated thelytokous Trichogramma kaykai Pinto and Stouthamer (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 97(4): 765-769. Moayeri, H. R. S., Ashouri. A., Goldansaz, S. H., Mohaghegh, J., Poll, L. & Enkegaard, A. 2008. Olfactory response of the predatory mirid bug, Macrolophus caliginosus (Het., Miridae) to clean and infested green bean with two-spotted spider mite and identification of their volatile compounds by using GC-MS technique. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran. 27(2), 79-92. Moezipour, M., Kafil, M. & Allahyari, H. 2008. Functional response of Trichogramma brassicae at different temperatures and relative humidities. Bulletin of Insectology. 62(2): 245-250. Peng, Y. & Wang, Y. 2009. Infection of Wolbachia may improve the olfactory response of Drosophila. Chinese Science Bulletin. 54(8): 1369-1375. Pompanon, F., Schepper, B., Mourer, Y., Fouillet, P. & Bouletreau, M. 1997. Evidence for a substrate-borne sex pheromone in the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23: 1349-1360. Quicke, D. L. J. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman & Hall. Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Rochat, J., Goebel, R. & Tabone, E. 2006. Functional response of Trichogramma chilonis to Galleria mellonella and Chilo sacchariphagus eggs. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 118: 229-236. Silva, I. M. M. S. 1999.Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control. Ph.D. Thesis, WageningenUniversity, The Netherlands, 151 pp. Silva, I. M. M. S., van Meer, M. M. M., Roskan, M. M., Hoogenboom, A., Gort, G. & Stouthamer, R. 2000. Biological potential of Wolbachia-infected versus uninfected wasps: laboratory and greenhouse evaluation of Trichogramma cordubensis and T. deion strain. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 10: 223-228. Silva, I. M. M. S. & Stouthamer, R. 1997. To mate or not to mate… Can sex pheromones be used as taxonomic tool in Trichogramma spp.? Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (NEV). 8: 41-46. Smith, S. M. 1996. Biological control with Trichogramma: advances, successes, and their potential use. Annual Review of Entomology. 41: 375-406. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 1995. Biometry, 3rd ed. Freeman, New York, USA. Stouthamer, R. 1993. The use of sexual versus asexual wasps in biological control. Entomophaga. 38: 3-6. Stouthamer, R., Breeuwer, J. A. J., Luck, R. F. & Werren, J. H. 1993. Molecular identification of microorganisms associated with parthenogenesis. Nature. 361: 66-68. Stouthamer, R., Hu, J., van Kan, F. J. P. M., Platner, G. R. & Pinto, J. D. 1999. The utility of internally transcribed spacer 2 DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal gene for distinguishing sibling species of Trichogramma. BioControl. 43: 421-440. Stouthamer, R. & Luck, R. F. 1993. Influence of microbe-associated parthenogenesis on the fecundity of Trichogramma deion and T. pretiosum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 67: 183-192. Tagami, Y., Miura, K. & Stouthamer, R. 2001. How does infection with parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia reduce the fitness of Trichogramma? Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 78: 267-271. Takabayashi, J. & Dicke, M. 1992. Response of predatory mites with different rearing histories to volatiles of uninfested plants. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 64: 187-193. Tripathi, R. N. & Singh, R. 1990. Mating behavior of Lysiphlebia mirzai Shuja-Uddin (Hymenoptera: Aphididae), a parasitoid of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hem., Aphididae). Entomon. 15: 21-26. van Hezewijk, B. H., Bourchier, R. S. & Smith, S. M. 2000. Searching speed of Trichogramma minutum and its potential as a measure of parasitoid quality. Biological Control. 17: 139-146. van Lenteren, J. C. 2000. Success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies. pp. 77-103. In: Gurr, G. & Wratten, S. (eds), Biological control: Measure of success. Kluwer, Academic Publisher. Vinson, S. B. 1988. Comparison of host characteristics that elicit host recognition behavior of parasitoid hymenoptera. pp. 285-291. In: Gupta, V. K. (ed), Advances in parasitic hymenoptera research. Brill, Leiden. Wang, B. & Ferro, D. N. 1998. Functional response of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Ostriniae nubilalis (Lep., Pyralidae) under laboratory and field conditions. Environmental Entomology. 27: 752-758. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,467 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 700 |
||