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بررسی کارآیی چند جدایهی بومی تریکودرما در کنترل بیولوژیک پوسیدگی ریشهی چغندرقند با عامل Pythium aphanidermatum در شرایط گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 1392، صفحه 41-52 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2013.100598 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوبه عبدالهی1؛ فرخنده امتی2؛ مسعود ذاکر* 2 | ||
| 1دانشکدهی کشاورزی ، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شاهرود | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری پوسیدگی پیتیومی ریشهی چغندرقند با عامل Pythium aphanidermatum یکی از بیماریهای مهم خسارتزای این محصول در ایران میباشد. کنترل شیمیایی این بیماری چندان موفقیتآمیز نبوده است، بنابراین کنترل آن با عوامل بیولوژیک از جمله جدایههای تریکودرما میتواند بهعنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مدیریت این بیماری تلقی گردد. بررسی میزان کارآیی جدایههای تریکودرما در کنترل این بیماری در شرایط گلخانه طی پژوهشی در طول سالهای 87–1386 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شاهرود انجام گرفت. از بین 22 جدایهی تریکودرمای بهدست آمده از مزارع چغندرکاری شهرستان شاهرود، تعداد 7 جدایه متعلق به چهار گونهی Trichoderma harzianum، T. longibrachatum، T. koningii و T. erinaceum که در روش کشت متقابل و تولید ترکیبات فرار و غیرفرار کارآیی خوبی در بازداری از رشد میسلیومی عامل بیماری از خود نشان داده بودند، جهت بررسیهای گلخانهای انتخاب شدند. از بین آنها گونهی T. erinaceum برای میکوفلور ایران جدید میباشد. در آزمایشات گلخانهای از دو روش اختلاط مایهی تریکودرما با خاک و آغشته نمودن بذور (بذرمال یا تیماربذر) استفاده شد. نتایج کلی این پژوهش نشان داد که پوشش دادن بذر چغندرقند با قارچ آنتاگونیست تریکودرما یا اضافه کردن آن به خاک تأثیر چشمگیری در کنترل بیماری در مقایسه با شاهد آلوده دارد. براساس نتایج کلی این پژوهش، جدایهی 2736 - T. harzianum بهترین تأثیر را درکنترل بیماری از خود نشان داد و در هر دو روش بهمیزان حدود 70 درصد قادر به کنترل بیماری بود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| چغندرقند؛ بیوکنترل؛ Trichoderma؛ پوسیدگی ریشه؛ Pythium aphanidermatum | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Efficacy of some native Trichoderma isolates in biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, the causal agent of sugar beet root rot under green house condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahbobeh Abdollahi1؛ Farkhondeh Ommati2؛ Masood Zaker2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Pythium root rot of sugar beet caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is an important yield reducing disease in Iran and so far its chemical control has not been achieved successfully, therefore, alternative control measures including biological control might be effective in managing this disease. A green house study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of some native Trichoderma isolates in controlling this disease in Agricultural Research Center, Shahrood, Iran during 2007- 2008. Out of 22 Trichoderma isolates collected from sugar beet fields, seven isolates belonging to four species (Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachatum , T. erinaceum and T. koningii), among which T. erinaceum is a new species for Iran mycoflora and had previously performed effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen through dual culture and production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites were selected for green house evaluations using seed and soil treatment methods. Results of green house experiments during two years evaluations indicated significant reduction in seedling damping-off in potted plants treated with Trichoderma isolates either as seed or soil treatment (compared with untreated control). Plant growth promotion was also observed in plants treated with Trichoderma isolates in comparison with untreated control. Based on the overall results of this study, T. harzianum 2736 demonstrated the highest disease reduction (70%) in both methods. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| sugar beet, root rot, biocontrol, Trichoderma, Pythium aphanidermatum | ||
| مراجع | ||
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