| تعداد نشریات | 282 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 80 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,262 |
| تعداد مقالات | 36,058 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 55,183,690 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 94,183,321 |
کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری بلاست برنج با استفاده از جدایه های بومی Trichoderma در استان مازندران | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 2، شماره 1، خرداد 1393، صفحه 1-15 اصل مقاله (707.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2014.100323 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| لاله جوادی1؛ شهرام نعیمی* 2؛ سعید رضایی1؛ وحید خسروی3 | ||
| 1گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیماری بلاست (Blast) با عامل Magnaporthe oryzae مهمترین بیماری برنج در جهان میباشد. استفاده از سموم شیمیایی اگر چه باعث کنترل بیماری میگردند، اما آسیبهای جدی متوجه انسان و محیط زیست میکنند. امروزه کنترل بیولوژیک بیماریهای گیاهی به‌عنوان یک روش جایگزین و بیخطر، مورد توجه و تأکید ویژهای قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق، نمونه‌برداری از خاک شالیزار و اندامهای هوایی برنج در مناطق مختلف استان مازندران انجام شد و جدایه‌های Trichoderma با استفاده از محیط کشت انتخابی McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F جداسازی و خالص شدند. 89 جدایه تریکودرما با روش‌های مختلف آزمایشگاهی علیه M. oryzae غربال شدند. در روش کشت متقابل، بیش از 90% جدایه‌های تریکودرما، موجب بازدارندگی رشد پرگنه‌ی قارچ بیمارگر گردیدند. نتایج آزمایش هیپرپارازیتیسم نشان داد که هیفهای تریکودرما به دور هیفهای قارچ بیمارگر هیچ پیچشی نداشتند اما در بعضی موارد، جدا شدن هیفهای بیمارگر از محل دیواره‌ی عرضی مشاهده شد. در بررسی تأثیر متابولیتهای فرار، جدایه‌های تریکودرمای RP3-4 و RP3-2 بیشترین کاهش رشد بیمارگر را به‌میزان 6/66% سبب شدند. عصاره‌ی کشت جدایه‌ی RP7-1 در نسبت 20% تا 74/93% و در نسبت 5% تا 62/90% باعث کاهش رشد بیمارگر شد. براساس نتایج مطالعات آزمایشگاهی، تعداد 16 جدایه تریکودرما برای بررسی اثر آنها در کنترل بیماری بلاست در گلخانه انتخاب شدند. مطابق نتایج به‌دست آمده از آزمونهای گلخانه‌ای، جدایه‌های RP1-6 و RP4-2 به‌ترتیب با 100% و 99% کنترل بیماری، مؤثرترین جدایه‌های تریکودرما در کاهش شدت بیماری بلاست بودند. پس از این جدایه‌ها،RP6-1 T. harzianum و RS7-6 T. virens به‌ترتیب با 98% و 97% درصد کاهش بیماری با قارچ‌کش شیمیایی (کارپروپامید) در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج ارزیابی جمعیت جدایه‌های مختلف تریکودرما در پایان بررسی گلخانه‌ای، میزان جمعیت جدایه‌ها نسبت‌به جمعیّت اولیه متغیر بوده است. جدایه‌هایRP1-6 T. harzianum وT. atroviride RS4-1، به‌ترتیب بیشترین افزایش و کاهش جمعیّت را نسبت به جمعیّت اولیه به‌کار رفته در گلخانه نشان دادند. ارتباطی بین دینامیک جمعیّت و کنترل بیماری مشاهده نگردید. همچنین، نتایج شناسایی 16 جدایه‌ی تریکودرمای انتخابی با روش‌های مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی نشان داد که 14، 1 و 1 جدایه به‌ترتیب متعلق به گونه‌های T. harzianum، T. virens و T. atroviride بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیوکنترل؛ برنج؛ بیوسفر؛ گلخانه؛ Magnaporthe oryzae | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Biological control of rice blast disease with native Trichoderma isolates | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Laleh Javadi1؛ Shahram Naeimi2؛ Saeid Rezaei1؛ Vahid Khosravi3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most important disease of rice worldwide. Although, application of chemical pesticides can control the disease, but they cause harmful effects on environment and human health. Nowadays, biological control is considered as an alternative and safe method in plant disease management. In this study, sampling was done from soils and rice phyllosphere of paddy fields in different regions of Mazandaran province. Trichoderma spp. were isolated following dilution plating method using McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F selective medium, and then purified and preserved. Eighty nine Trichoderma Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most important disease of rice worldwide. Although, application of chemical pesticides can control the disease, but they cause harmful effects on environment and human health. Nowadays, biological control is considered as an alternative and safe method in plant disease management. In this study, sampling was done from soils and rice phyllosphere of paddy fields in different regions of Mazandaran province. Trichoderma spp. were isolated following dilution plating method using McFadden & Sutton’s RB-S-F selective medium, and then purified and preserved. Eighty nine Trichoderma isolates were screened against M. oryzae using various methods in vitro. In dual culture test, more than 90% of Trichoderma isolates were antagonistic against pathogen. In hyperparasitism test, no coiling of Trichoderma was observed around the hyphae of M. oryzae. However, some strains caused disintegration of M. oryzae hyphae. Volatile metabolites of RP3-4 and RP3-2 strains were the most effective in inhibiting the growth rate of pathogen by 66.6%. In addition, RP7-1 strain was reduced the growth of pathogen by 93.74% and 90.62% using 20% and 5% of culture filtrate, respectively. Based on the results of in vitro studies, 16 Trichoderma isolates were selected in order to evaluate their potentials in controlling blast disease in greenhouse. According to the results of greenhouse tests, T. harzianum RP1-6 and T.harzianum RP4-2 strains were the most effective isolates in terms of reducing the severity of leaf blast disease by 100% and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, T. harzianum RP6-1 and T. virens RS7-6 with disease reduction of 98% and 97%, respectively placed in same statistical group as chemical fungicides (Carpropamid). Evaluation of population dynamics showed that the populations of Trichoderma isolates were increased or decreased during 17d in greenhouse.T. harzianum RP6-1and T. atroviride RS4-1, showed maximum increase and decrease of opulation, respectively. There was no correlation between the populations and disease control. In addition, 16 selected Trichoderma isolates were identified by morphological and molecular methods and 14, 1 and 1 isolates belonged to T. harzianum, T. virens and T. atroviride, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biocontrol, rice, Phyllosphere, Greenhouse, Magnaporthe oryzae | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadi, S.B., Khodaparast, S.A., Jalali Sendi, J., Hasanzadeh, N. & Padasht Dehkaei, F. 2007. Assessment of extracts of some plant species for inhibition of Pyricularia grisea Sacc. The causal agent of rice blast disease invitro. Proceeding of 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2-5 September, Karaj, Iran. Anwar, A., Bhat, G.N. & Singhara, G.S. 2002. Effect of seed treatment through bioagents and blitox on incidence of leaf blast disease (Magnaporthe grisea) and seedling growth of rice under temperate conditions. New Agriculturist,13:45-47. Bell, D.K., Wells, H.D. & Mrkham, C.R. 1982. In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma species against six fungal plant pathogens. Phytopathology, 12: 379-3. Benitez, T., Delgado-Jarana, J., Rincon, A. Key, M. & Limon, M.C. 1998. Biofungicides: Trichoderma as a biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi. Recent Research Developments in Microbiology, 2: 129-150. Benitez, T., Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C. & Codon, A.C. 2004. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology, 7: 249-260. Bisset, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. I. Sect. Longibrachiatum sect. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany, 62: 924-931. Bisset, J. 1991. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. III. Sect. Pachybasium. Canadian Journal of Botany, 69: 2373-2417. Brunner, K., Zeilinger, S., Ciliento, R., Woo, L.S., Lorito, M., Kubicek, C.P., & Mach, R.L. 2005. Improvement of the fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride to enhance both antagonist and induction of plant systemic disease resistance. Appplied Environment Microbiology, 7: 3959-3969. Cook, R.J. & Baker, K.F. 1983. The nature and practice of biological control of plant pathogen. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 539 pp. Dennis, C. & Webster, J. 1971a. Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma. I. Production of nonvolatile antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 57(1): 25-39. Dennis, C. & Webster, J. 1971b. Antagonistic properties of species-groups of Trichoderma. II. Production of volatile antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 57(1): 41-48. Gams, W. & Bissett, J. 1998. Morphology and Identification of Trichoderma. Pp. 3-34, In: Kubicek, C. P., Harman, G. E. (Eds), Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. 1. Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics, Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Gouramanis, G.D. 1995. Biological and chemical control of rice blast disease (Pyriculariaoryzae) in North Greece. Cahires Options Méditerranéennes, 15: 61-68. Hajano, J.U.D., Lodhi, A.M., Pathan, M.A., Khanzada, M.A. & Serwar Shah, G. 2012. In vitro evaluation of fungicides, plant extracts and biocontrol agents against rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44: 1775-1778. Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I. & Lorito, M. 2004. Trichoderma species- Opportunistic, avrirulent plant symbionts. Nature Review Microbialogy, 2: 43-56. Harman, G.E. 2006. Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 96: 190-194. Hermosa M.R., Grondona, I., Iturriaga, E.A., Diaz-Minguez, J.M., Castro, C., Monte, E. & Garcia-Acha, I. 2000. Molecular characterization of biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,66: 1890-1898. Herret-Estrella, A. & Chet, I. 1998. Biocontrol of bacterial and phytopathogenic fungi. In: Agricultural Biotechnology (ed. A. Altman), Pp. 263-282, Marcel Dekker, New York. IRRI. 1996. Standard Evaluation System for Rice. 4th edition. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines. Khalili, E., Sadravi, M., Naeimi, S. & Khosravi, V. 2012. Biological control of rice brown spot with native isolates of three Trichoderma species. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 43: 297-305. Khosravi, V. 2006. Identification of new races of Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast disease in Mazandaran. Final Report of Research Project. Iranian Rice Research Institute Publication, 27 Pp. Khosravi, V., Naeimi, S., Rostami, M., Omrani, M. & Bahramei, M. 2011. Evaluation of three commercial biological products on the rice blast disease in Mazandaran. Proceeding of 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 July-3 August, Tehran, Iran, 828. Lu-ning, L. I. U., Tu, Y. & Zhang J. 2010. Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma virens strain TY009 against sheath blight and other main fungal diseases. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 10: 2031-2038. (In Chinese with English summary). Naeimi, S., Okhovvat, S.M., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Kredics, L. & Khosravi, V. 2010. Frequency and distribution of Trichoderma spp. in the paddy rice fields of Mazandaran province, Iran. Iran Journal of Plant Protection Science, 40: 79-91. (In Persian with English summary). Naeimi, S., Okhovvat, S. M., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Kredics, L. & Khosravi, V. 2010. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1A, the causal agent of rice sheath blight with Trichoderma strains. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 49: 287-300. Nzojiyobiri, J.B., Xu T., Song F. & Shen Y. 2003. Resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum NF9 against Magnaporthe grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,3: 111-114. Ouazzani, Touhami A., Mouria, A., Douira, A., Benkirane, R., Mlaiki, A. & El-Yachioui, M. 1998. In vitro effect of pH and temperature on the ability of Trichoderma spp. to reduce the growth of Pyricularia oryzae. Journal of CAB Direct, 96: 19-24. PadashtDehkaei, F., Popushoi, I., Izadyar, M., Khodakarmian, G. & Gharyazei, B. 2002. Effects of selected antagonistic bacteria in controlling of rice blast disease. 3rd International Rice Blast Conference. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 73pp. PadashtDehkaei, F. &Izadyar, M.2007. Study on the biological control of rice blast disease in the field conditions. Journal of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, 13: 84-92. Rostami, M., Momeni, A., Khosravi, V., Zare, L., Darvishzadeh, N., Omran, M.& Ghalandari, M. 2012. Identification and investigation of effects of antagonistic bacterial agents on Rice blast control. Proceeding of 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 25-29 August, Shiraz, Iran. Singh, V., Jodhi, B.B., 2007. Mass multiplication of Trichoderma harzianum on sugarcane press mud. Indian Phytopathology, 60: 530-531. Singh, P. K., Singh, A. K., Singh, H. B.,Dhakad, B. K. 2012. Biological control of rice blast disease with Trichoderma harzianum in direct seeded rice under medium low land rainfed conditions. Journal Environment and Ecology, 30: 834-837 Webster, R.K. &Gunnell, P.S. 1992. Compendium of Rice Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN. 62 pp. White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pp. 135-322, In: Innis, M.A. Gelfand, D.H. Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.), PCR Protocols. A Guide to Methods and Application. Academic Press, Inc., USA. Zafari, D., Ershad, D., Zare, R. & Alizadeh,, A. 2002. A contribution to the identification of Trichoderma species. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 38: 21-45. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 5,640 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 2,202 |
||